Correctional Services Research Articles

Programme Planning in Adult Inmates Correctional Education for Sustainable Community Development in Nigeria

This paper examined the need for programme planning in adult inmates’ correctional education for sustainable community development in Nigeria. The paper also, made a conceptual clarifications of various terms attached to it. It also concluded that when Adult inmates acquire education while under incarceration, they are empowered for the future. Therefore, we should bear in mind that education is not restricted to crime free individuals but also an opportunity given to adult inmates to acquire knowledge for self reliance after their jail terms. The paper finally suggests that all hands should be on deck to see to the total success of the Nigeria Correctional Service towards successful implementation of Correctional Education programme for actualisation of sustainable community development goal in the country.

“They’re Just Watching You All the Time”: The Surveillance Web of Prison Needle Exchange

In 2018, the federal prison authority in Canada began implementing Prison Needle Exchange Programs (PNEPs) at select institutions. Despite longstanding and successful models of prison-based syringe distribution internationally, Canada’s correctional service introduced a highly restrictive security-based approach, placing prisoners who access the program into a surveillance web that implicates diverse actors and relies on methods such as bio-surveillance and security risk assessments. We examine these and other surveillant functions of the PNEP through the first-hand experiences of thirty former prisoners who were incarcerated at one of the prisons with such a program. These experiences point to how the surveillance web is constituted by multiple lines of sight and flows of information across health and security fields. It is further comprised of risk management practices and discretionary punishment carried out by correctional officers as well as the targeting and social sorting of people who use drugs. Former prisoner narratives also demonstrate how the PNEP is reflective of emerging forms of exclusion and processes of securitization that operate through the identification, management, and containment of specific groups. As a whole, the PNEP model implemented in Canada, and the practices that undergird it, target people who use drugs for increased surveillance, resulting in extremely low rates of program enrollment despite pervasive drug use in prison, and undermining access to an essential health care service to which prisoners are entitled. The study findings point to novel forms of carceral surveillance that enmesh observational, technological, and bureaucratic practices, and demonstrate how prisoner health and therapeutic objectives can be subsumed by securitarian logics.

Occupational Stress, Correctional Officers, and Training for the Job: Probing Sources of Stress During the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Training Program

Occupational stress remains a remarkable problem among correctional officers. While the scholarship on correctional services has scrutinized correctional work to identify and analyze sources and consequences of stress, correctional training has received little attention. Drawing on the literature on sources of stress in corrections work, we analyze and compare whether sources of stress on the job overlap with those of correctional training. We base our analysis on interviews with correctional officers from Canada’s federal prison system who were interviewed while completing the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Training Program. Findings suggest that sources of stress in training are not consistent with those of correctional work. The training program conditions succeed in preparing recruits to manage pressure, strain, and anxiety. However, the program does not necessarily equip recruits to deal with on-the-job stress, and does little to eliminate the occupational stressors and mental health disorders that too often emerge during occupational tenure. Correctional training programs in Canada and beyond must ensure that recruits are equipped with tools to deal with the specific sources of stress and possibly eliminate such sources in the course of work.

Correctional Officers and Social Media: Policies, Challenges, and Vulnerabilities

In this article, we draw from 159 qualitative interviews with Canadian correctional officers (COs) exploring their experiences and attitudes regarding social media. We frame our study within the “synoptic” mode of surveillance and public visibility—referring to the many observing the few—impacting public safety personnel, exploring the perceived vulnerabilities of COs, including toward prisoners, management, the organization, and the public. We highlight recent research on COs, especially in the Canadian context, and review the synoptic surveillance implications of social media in society. Our findings highlight four interrelated areas: COs (sometimes lack of) awareness of Correctional Service Canada (CSC) policies regarding social media use; challenges they experience online; the central role of privacy; and strategies they use to manage challenges and maintain privacy, especially considering their role as public representatives. We conclude by discussing how the use of social media produces new vulnerabilities for COs in public spaces and suggest future directions for research and practices.

Importance of the Libraries in Kosovo Prisons

This study aims to present the importance and current situation of the libraries in Kosovo Correctional Service; their function and effect on prisoners’ daily lives, rehabilitation, well-being and informal education. To reach this purpose three questions were raised: Do libraries help with prisoners’ informal learning, rehabilitation and reintegration in KCS? Are the prisoners willing to loan books from prison libraries? Do prison libraries in Kosovo offer enough books in different languages for prisoners who come from different ethnic and religious backgrounds? This research is presented through qualitative data, a literature review and interviews as instruments of the research dedicated to prison libraries within KCS and their effect on prisoners’ wellbeing and education. The study results showed that prison libraries impact positively the lives of the incarcerated population while they are paying their debts to society in Kosovo prisons for the crimes committed. Prisoners are eager to borrow medium number of books present in different languages and genres offered to them within Correctional and Detention centers all around Kosovo.

Taming The ‘Wild West’

How to get the most out of correction services using an agnostic receiver, when there is so little standardisation. By MARIA SIMSKY

Impact of using the principle of spectral-dynamic analysis of the intensity of the electret field of the "Vim Vitae" electronic complex on a living organism

The narrow-specialization approach that dominates academic medicine today does not contribute to the development of a health preservation strategy. Treatment "according to the scheme" practically ignores the individual characteristics of each organism with its momentary states. The success of the fight for people's health is largely determined by the degree of development and implementation of an effective strategy for diagnosis, correction and continuous monitoring of the quality of life of a specific person. Purpose: of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of innovative quantum technologies in the system of providing correctional and rehabilitation services to persons with functional disorders of the psycho-physical state (post-acute syndrome, protection against electromagnetic radiation, bacterial and viral forms). Material & Methods: The implementation of the research became possible due to the use of the hardware and software complex "Vim Vitae", which included an electronic device for receiving and transmitting electrical bio-potentials; electronic module for converting electromagnetic vibrations; a special computer program for a smartphone, personal computer (PC), laptop, tablet, etc.; servers with algorithms for automatic processing of personalized data, databases of electronic markers, recommendations, etc. The work also used the results of a survey of the center's clients. The individual questionnaire (98 questions) included information about the reasons for contacting the Center, subjective self-assessment of the quality of life, and also contained data about the functional capabilities of individual body systems, about the diet, daily movement patterns, and psycho-emotional state. Results: Innovative technologies and informatics-metric methods of diagnosis and correction of a person's psycho-physical state allow not only to quickly and accurately identify the causes of functional changes in the body, but can also become a convenient and effective means of control/self-monitoring of health, remote monitoring, and health protection from electromagnetic radiation, bacterial and viral forms. Conclusions: According to the key provisions of the "WHO Strategy in the Field of Traditional Medicine 2014-2023," the results of our research prove the effectiveness of using hardware complexes "ARC", "АRK.exe", "VV". Innovative technologies using the mentioned hardware complexes can be recommended as an independent method of early (pre-clinical) detection of psycho-physical state disorders, organization of correctional rehabilitation activities, and/or in combination with other methods of therapy for functional disorders of organs and systems in order to provide modern multi-functional assistance to individuals, as well as an individual remote means of monitoring (self-monitoring) the state of health, when the generally accepted in medical practice means of therapy have shown their inefficiency.

The Effect of Perceived Service Quality on Brand Loyalty in Hotels: The Causal Role of Relationship Quality and the Mediating Effect of Employee Trust

Purpose - As the spread of COVID-19 has weakened recently, countries have switched to ‘with Corona’ policies. The hotel service industry, which has been hit hard in sales, is also making every effort to overcome difficulties through various brand strategies to provide high-quality services to customers and strengthen relationship quality through the trust of service employees at service points. Therefore, this study aims to verify the mediating role of employee trust in the relationship between perceived service quality and brand satisfaction and brand trust, and the causal effect of brand commitment by verifying whether brand satisfaction and brand trust affect brand loyalty or through brand commitment.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - Data were collected from consumers with experience using upscale hotels in Korea, and the research hypotheses were verified by structural equation model analysis using the SPSS 21.0 and Amos 21.0 statistical packages.
 Findings - First, the mediating effect of employee trust was confirmed in the relationship between perceived service quality, brand satisfaction, and brand trust. Second, brand satisfaction influenced brand trust and brand commitment, and brand trust influenced brand commitment. Third, brand satisfaction did not directly affect brand loyalty, but it did affect brand trust and brand commitment, and these constructs affected brand loyalty.
 Research Implications - In conclusion, it is necessary to manage service training for employees, as interactions with customers at the service point can provide the correct service and strengthen brand loyalty by identifying each component of brand relationship quality and checking the influence in the channel relationship.

A Study on Job Analysis in the Technical Part of Hair Designers

Purpose: In modern society, where professional skills and function are required according to changes in the industrial structure, the personal and technical job capabilities of beauty human resources who pursue beauty targeting the human body are the most important factors affecting the growth of beauty companies along with customer satisfaction. Since it is a resource, it is a time when effective and efficient management of human re-sources is desperately needed. introduction of the National Competency Standards and Fair Evaluation Qualifi-cation System, one of the widely used improvement directions to quickly reflect changes in the industrial field, will help improve the productivity of beauty care by studying whether it is correlated with the technical capabili-ties of designers. Method: This survey was conducted for 15 days from August 5, 2022, by setting practitioners nationwide who obtained national qualifications related to hairdressing (hair) and working in hair salons as survey sub-jects, dis-tributed the questionnaires directly, and asked the respondents to fill in the questionnaires directly. An empirical survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire survey method. First, a measurement tool was constructed, the factors of the item on the difference in job ability were analyzed, and the validity and reliability of the four factors extracted based on the eigenvalue 1 were tested, and the data were analyzed. Results: As a result of demographic analysis, there were 239 males (50.9%) and 231 females (49.1%), As a result of the descriptive statistics analysis, the overall job competency averaged 3.45 points. Among technical job skills, ‘correction service ability’ (M=3.63) appeared the highest, ‘Cutting skills’ (M=3.62) followed by ‘profes-sional work’ (M=3.52). Differences in technical job competency by gender were relatively higher in men than women in terms of cutting skills, customer hair evaluation/prescription, and more, In the case of women, com-pared to men, permanent wave technology, hair coloring technology, straightening service ability, fashion/inge-nuity, and hair styling skill were relatively higher, showing differences. Technical job skills by age were relatively higher in those in their 50s, 60s, and 20s than those in their 30s and 40s. Job competency according to the final level of education was relatively high in those with a 4-year college degree or higher. It was found that those who majored in beauty related departments had higher work ability than those who did not major. As a result of the analysis by experience, the overall technical job ability was relatively high for less than 5 years or more than 10 years, and for professional work. Conclusion: As a result of analyzing the technical job of hair designers working in the industrial field, it can be seen that those in their 20s have the best technical job ability by age, and those with less than 5 years of experi-ence have the best technical job ability by career. It is recognized that the systematic curriculum of NCS is working meaningfully.

A Study on Job Analysis in the Technical Part of Hair Designers

Purpose: In modern society, where professional skills and function are required according to changes in the industrial structure, the personal and technical job capabilities of beauty human resources who pursue beauty targeting the human body are the most important factors affecting the growth of beauty companies along with customer satisfaction. Since it is a resource, it is a time when effective and efficient management of human re-sources is desperately needed. introduction of the National Competency Standards and Fair Evaluation Qualifi-cation System, one of the widely used improvement directions to quickly reflect changes in the industrial field, will help improve the productivity of beauty care by studying whether it is correlated with the technical capabili-ties of designers. Method: This survey was conducted for 15 days from August 5, 2022, by setting practitioners nationwide who obtained national qualifications related to hairdressing (hair) and working in hair salons as survey sub-jects, dis-tributed the questionnaires directly, and asked the respondents to fill in the questionnaires directly. An empirical survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire survey method. First, a measurement tool was constructed, the factors of the item on the difference in job ability were analyzed, and the validity and reliability of the four factors extracted based on the eigenvalue 1 were tested, and the data were analyzed. Results: As a result of demographic analysis, there were 239 males (50.9%) and 231 females (49.1%), As a result of the descriptive statistics analysis, the overall job competency averaged 3.45 points. Among technical job skills, ‘correction service ability’ (M=3.63) appeared the highest, ‘Cutting skills’ (M=3.62) followed by ‘profes-sional work’ (M=3.52). Differences in technical job competency by gender were relatively higher in men than women in terms of cutting skills, customer hair evaluation/prescription, and more, In the case of women, com-pared to men, permanent wave technology, hair coloring technology, straightening service ability, fashion/inge-nuity, and hair styling skill were relatively higher, showing differences. Technical job skills by age were relatively higher in those in their 50s, 60s, and 20s than those in their 30s and 40s. Job competency according to the final level of education was relatively high in those with a 4-year college degree or higher. It was found that those who majored in beauty related departments had higher work ability than those who did not major. As a result of the analysis by experience, the overall technical job ability was relatively high for less than 5 years or more than 10 years, and for professional work. Conclusion: As a result of analyzing the technical job of hair designers working in the industrial field, it can be seen that those in their 20s have the best technical job ability by age, and those with less than 5 years of experi-ence have the best technical job ability by career. It is recognized that the systematic curriculum of NCS is working meaningfully.

Legal Protection of Banking Customers in the Perspective of Law 8 of 1999

The use of electronic technology has become prevalent in banking services, offering convenience to customers through internet transaction services. However, this reliance on technology has also exposed vulnerabilities, leading to violations and crimes that result in significant losses for individuals and even the state. Hacker techniques and breaches of bank financial systems have become unavoidable risks. Banks play a crucial role in the financial system, overseeing business transactions and economic activities. Individuals and businesses choose banks as their preferred institutions for depositing funds, conducting transactions, and obtaining capital. Given the importance of banks, legal protection for customers is essential. This research adopts a normative approach, utilizing both statutory and conceptual methods. Secondary data serves as the primary source, and qualitative descriptive analysis is employed. Conclusions are drawn deductively, specifically regarding the topic of Legal Protection of Banking Customers in relation to Law Number 8 of 1999. The findings emphasize the urgency of legal protection for bank customers under the Consumer Protection Law. This law ensures legal certainty for customers by obligating banks to provide correct and honest services, as well as transparent and accurate information about service conditions and guarantees. Banks should collaborate with consumer institutions or other bodies to formulate clauses that meet the needs of all parties without compromising legal certainty. Agreement on the interpretation of relevant clauses is also crucial.

Developing best practice principles for the provision of programs and services to people transitioning from custody to the community: study protocol for a modified Delphi consensus exercise

IntroductionThere is a lack of standard nomenclature and a limited understanding of programmes and services delivered to people in prisons as they transition into the community to support their integration...

Exploring Ways of HIV Transmission in Correctional Facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the few African countries where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is still a silent issue. In the context of the DRC, the purpose of this paper was to investigate how HIV is transmitted among inmates within Congolese correctional facilities. It focuses on the ways certain Congolese correctional services‘ cultures facilitate the spread of HIV. The paper argues that incarceration settings allow for the importation of pre-incarceration lifestyles and risky behaviours into prisons; hence increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) transmission among convicts. Methodologically, the paper followed a qualitative approach based mainly on secondary data. A content analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study indicated that prisoners‘ pre-incarceration lifestyle supplemented by prison culture and settings engendered HIV high-risk behaviour among inmates in Congo‘s prisons. In addition, the paper appealed for the government to pay attention to prison cultures generated by the interaction between prison environments and a quest for a sense of psychological wellbeing inside correctional facilities.

There’s an app for that: Modernizing domestic violence support through the creation of new technologies, tools, and services

AbstractWith domestic violence (DV) at an all‐time high, police departments are drastically underutilizing technology to combat DV. Currently, New York police departments complete a “Domestic Incident Report” at the scene of domestic incidents but fail to adequately facilitate support services. New York State should mandate a services component into police DV protocols, specifically by commissioning: (1) an application linked to DV organizations presented at the scene of domestic incidents; and (2) a gateway application to refer victims to the correct services. Such tools would allow for the rendering of more efficient support to DV victims in times of immediate crisis.

DESIGN OF CIRCULATION HOSPITAL SERVICE IN THE NEW NORMAL ERA

Health care buildings are experiencing extreme challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, the high global death rate due to the pandemic has forced hospitals to make changes and improve health service strategies to minimize the impact of transmission and hospital readiness in dealing with other infectious diseases. The design of this service circulation design is expected to be able to improve the quality of service to the community and users related to the ideal, thorough, thorough, fast, precise and correct service excellence principles. Using analytical methods, data sources were obtained through studies on hospital building planning with a separate circulation system, government regulations related to infectious diseases, and the shortcomings of the previous hospital building circulation system, the conclusion resulted in a building circulation design planning that has 3 zoning (red, yellow, red zones). and green) by providing differentiation in circulation related to the function of each room, the classification of visitors and the flow of patients in and out, to improve hospital services and safety against unpredictable conditions in the future such as the current pandemic era.

Sources of stress among Federal Correctional Officers in Canada.

Most correctional officers describe their jobs as stressful. The current study advances the scholarship on correctional stress by offering a rare qualitative analysis that identifies, provides meaning, and contextualizes sources of stress in correctional services. This study complements the correctional stress literature, which, until now, has relied primarily on quantitative methodologies to identify and assess stress determinants. Forty-four correctional officers from Canada's federal prisons were interviewed about their primary source of stress. Findings indicate that staff (i.e., co-workers and managers), not prison residents, represent a primary source of stress in correctional work. In addition, job seniority and gossip were the main stress triggers associated with co-workers, while centralization of decision-making processes and a lack of instrumental communication and support triggered stress coming from managers.

Continuing Education Needs of Custodial Adult Inmates for Sustainable Community Development in Zamfara State, Nigeria

This study assessed the Continuing Education Needs of Custodial Adult Inmates for Sustainable Community Development in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 762 respondents in the 5 Nigerian Correctional Custodial Centres of Zamfara State. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample 351 Custodial Adult Inmates comprising all the 266 male and 85 female convicted inmates of the Gusau Central Custodial Centre for the study. The instrument used for data collection was self-structured questionnaire tagged “Questionnaire on the Continuing Education Needs of Custodial Adult Inmates (QACENCAI)”. The instrument was subjected to face validation by three experts. The reliability coefficient for the instrument was 0.85. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean, while the null hypotheses were tested using t-test at the probability of 0.05 level of significance. The study showed that there were only two Continuing Education (CE) programmes for Adult inmates in Gusau Central Custodial Centre and at the time of the study, there were convicts trainees in the CE programmes of the Gusau Central Custodial Centre. Based on these findings, the study recommended among others that the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCS) should introduce more CE programmes and extend them to other Satellite’s Custodial Centres of the state for sustainable community development in the study area and country at large.

‘Facilitator-coordinators’ or ‘umbilical cords’: Staff experiences of supporting desistance following release from prison

While research on supported desistance is increasing, little is known about practitioners’ experiences of facilitating change following release in Norway. This article seeks to expand this knowledge through the perspectives of probation caseworkers and staff of penal voluntary organizations. Despite their common challenges and shared ideals, the two groups experience varying ability to assist in change processes. While staff of voluntary organizations practice close to the ideal, caseworkers describe frustration at an increased risk focus and thus a decrease in desistance promotion. In this context, we discuss how two key developments in Norwegian resettlement practice, (1) increased discrepancies between ideals and realities and (2) the blurring of boundaries between penal voluntary organizations and the Correctional Services, are shifting probation work away from supporting desistance.

Formal modelling and verification of scalable service composition in IoT environment

A system based on the internet of things (IoT) consists of services deployed across several devices that collaborate to fulfil IoT system goals. The growth in the number of IoT services that has occurred concurrently with the growth in the number of IoT devices is posing a significant difficulty for the process of service composition. In order to satisfy increasing demand and rapid expansion while keeping a certain level of quality of service, IoT systems need a scalable IoT service composition. However, building the correct scalable service composition is not guaranteed in IoT systems. This paper proposes formal modeling and verification of the scalability in IoT service composition at design time based on Event-B formal method. To fulfil the requirements of IoT service composition, the proposed model addresses more key qualities, mainly availability and interoperability. Further, by relying on the refinement technique, we create our model sequentially from the requirements analysis level to the target level. Finally, we validate and verify the correctness of the proposed formal model using of the Rodin platform and several proof obligations. Our verified model of the scalable IoT service composition has met its 44 proof obligations, and the Rodin prover was responsible for automatically addressing all of these proof obligations.

Antiretroviral adherence experiences among inmates living with HIV/AIDS in the correctional service facilities in Limpopo Province

The study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of inmates living with HIV/AIDS regarding ARV adherence in correctional services in Limpopo Province. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach with a constructive paradigm was employed to gain insight into the experiences of inmates living with HIV and AIDS. Non-contact telephone interviews through transparent windows were conducted with the inmates living with HIV/AIDS (n=20) from May 2021 until September 2021 in the correctional service facilities in Limpopo Province. Telephone interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim from Tshivenda, Sotho, and Tsonga into English. Data were analyzed using eight steps according to Tech’s method of qualitative analysis to determine themes and subthemes. The results indicate the burden of taking multiple medication regimens, fear of stigma and break of confidentiality, shortage of nursing staff and high workload, professional nurses ‘insufficient’ adherence counseling and health-related information and education, inmates transitioning between correctional and police station facilities, insufficient provision of meals and meals unrelated to treatment times, and inconsistent criteria for provision of a special diet as factors contributing to medication adherence for detained inmates living with HIV/AIDS in the correctional service environment. The study concluded that optimal adherence to ARV treatment for inmates living with HIV/AIDS during incarceration is crucial to achieving viral suppression and improving medication outcomes for inmates in correctional service facilities.