Correctional Programs Research Articles

Личностные особенности и самоотношение лиц с психогенным перееданием

<p><strong>Background. </strong>According to the World Health Organization, in 2023, excess weight was observed in 2,5 billion adults aged 18 and older. Individuals with obesity suffer from chronic somatic diseases, face social isolation. Understanding the psychological and social factors behind weight gain allows us to develop effective programs to prevent obesity and help people lose weight. <strong>Objective.</strong> The aim of this study is to analyze the analysis of personality traits and self-attitudes in individuals with excess body mass. <strong>Hypothesis.</strong> Individuals with psychogenic overeating have an increased level of neuroticism, perfectionism and internal conflict, as well as reduced self-acceptance. <strong>Materials and methods. </strong>101 people with eating disorders were examined. All respondents were divided into three groups according to the criterion of body mass index (BMI): 1 group - 33 people with pre-obesity and obesity of the first degree, average age 40±13 years; 2 group - 20 people with second degree obesity, average age 35±12 years; group 3 - 48 people with third degree obesity, average age 44±10 years. The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and medical documentation data were studied. Psychological testing was conducted using: the KON-2006 Neurotic Personality Questionnaire to assess neurotic personality traits, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), a questionnaire to study self-esteem. <strong>Results. </strong>Analysis of the study results showed a high level of neuroticism for individuals with different BMIs in all groups, the violation of self-attitude is primarily associated with the perception of one's appearance, perfectionism is not a personal feature associated with psychogenic overeating. Low self-esteem of external data is combined in them with narcissism and a positive assessment of their personal characteristics. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The results obtained can be used to develop and improve the effectiveness of psychological weight correction programs for psychogenic overeating, based on taking into account the personal factors of obesity.</p>

Comprehensive corrective exercise program improves ankle function in female athletes with limited weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion: A randomized controlled trial.

Limited ankle dorsiflexion range of motion is one of the most important risk factors for lower limb injury, which changes the biomechanics and the neuromuscular control of the lower limb muscles. This study aims to test the effectiveness of a comprehensive corrective exercise program (CCEP) on the range of motion, proprioception, dynamic balance, and muscle activation in female athletes with limited weight-bearing lunge ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. 30 female athletes aged 15 to 25 years with dorsiflexion under 34° were randomized to two groups. The intervention group (n = 15) received eight weeks of CCEP including soft tissue mobilization, joint mobilization, stretching, and strengthening, and the control (n = 15) group did not receive any intervention. range of motion, proprioception, dynamic balance, and muscle activation were assessed before and after the intervention. The training group showed clinically acceptable and statistically significant changes in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ES = 0.714), balance (ES = 0.423), and proprioception (ES = 0.253; P < 0.05). There were significant changes in the activity of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles in the dynamic overhead squat test (descending and ascending phases) and the activity of the medial gastrocnemius in the descending phase decreased significantly (P < 0.05). No significant change was observed in the activity of the peroneus longus muscle (P > 0.05). The findings show that CCEP appears to be beneficial in increasing dorsiflexion range of motion, proprioception, balance, and decreasing ankle muscle activity among individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion. Improving the dorsiflexion range of motion may be promising for reducing ankle sprain injury.

COMPREHENSIVE INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Injury prevention in football is a critical issue for athletes, coaches, and health professionals, given the sport's dynamic movements that elevate the risk of muscle and joint injuries. Effective strategies should incorporate specialized physical training and physiotherapeutic interventions to optimize player protection and performance. Preventive training programs, emphasizing muscle strengthening and proprioception, are essential for reducing injury risks. Specific exercises targeting the hamstrings, quadriceps, calves, and core enhance joint stability and mitigate overload injuries. Neuromuscular training, which includes balance exercises and plyometrics, improves proprioception and helps prevent falls and twists. Flexibility through regular stretching and dynamic warm-ups, such as the FIFA 11+, is crucial for preparing players physically and lowering injury incidence. Additionally, physiotherapists play a vital role in injury prevention through functional assessments to identify muscle imbalances and develop corrective exercise programs. Manual therapy techniques, joint stabilization exercises, and preventive rehabilitation further contribute to maintaining soft tissue quality and preventing muscle strains. Monitoring training load is another fundamental aspect of injury prevention, as abrupt changes in training intensity can lead to injuries. Using tracking technologies allows for better control of players' physical efforts. Studies indicate that implementing structured injury prevention programs significantly reduces injury rates and enhances athletic performance. Research highlights the importance of a multicomponent approach, individualized training, and load management to lower hamstring injuries. Collaboration among athletes, coaches, and health professionals is crucial to create a safe training environment. As football evolves, prioritizing injury prevention is essential for players' health, success, and career longevity.

Navicular Drop Height Asymmetry as an Intrinsic Risk Factor for Lower Limb Injury in Male Recreational Athletes

Morphological and functional asymmetry of the lower limbs is a well-recognized factor contributing to musculoskeletal injuries among athletes across different levels. However, limited research exists on evaluating foot mobility asymmetry as a potential predictor of such injuries. This study aimed to (1) assess the frequency of foot mobility asymmetries among amateur athletes, (2) investigate the predictive value of foot mobility asymmetry (measured via navicular height drop) for injury risk, and (3) explore the relationship between foot type and injury occurrence. A cross-sectional sampling method was employed to select 45 physically active male amateur athletes (runners and team sports practitioners) from a university. Injury history was retrospectively recorded, and a modified navicular drop test was conducted to classify foot arch height. The predictive power of navicular height drop asymmetry was analyzed using ROC curves, and the relationship between foot type (neutral and defective combinations—pronated or supinated) and injury occurrence was examined using chi-square tests for independence. Multiple logistic regression was applied to calculate injury risk odds ratios across different foot type subgroups. The results revealed a significant frequency (51.1%) of participants with at least one defective foot, including 31.1% with one neutral and one defective foot and 20% with both feet defective. Navicular height drop asymmetry emerged as a valuable predictor of injuries, with a 36% asymmetry identified as the cut-off for increased injury risk (AUC = 0.832, 95% CI: 0.691–0.973, p &lt; 0.001). A significant relationship was found between foot type and injury occurrence. Only one out of 22 participants with neutral feet (4.55%) experienced an injury, compared to 9 out of 14 (64.29%) with one neutral and one defective foot and 5 out of 9 (55.56%) with both feet defective. These differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 16.24, p &lt; 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.60). The odds ratio for injury risk was 37.8 (p = 0.016) for those with asymmetry (one neutral and one defective foot) and 26.3 (p = 0.102) for those with both feet defective, compared to participants with both feet neutral. In clinical practice, these findings suggest that routine screenings for physically active individuals should incorporate foot mobility asymmetry assessment. However, it is essential to integrate this factor with other risk indicators. For individuals exhibiting high asymmetry, general foot defect correction programs may be beneficial, but injury prevention strategies should adopt a more comprehensive approach, focusing on overall fitness and tailored interventions for high-risk individuals.

Streamlined Preoperative Iron Deficiency Screening and IV Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Patients beyond Clinical Trials

Background/objectives: Iron deficiency anemia is common in patients with colorectal cancer and affects postoperative outcomes. Preoperative intravenous iron supplementation corrects anemia effectively; however, the effect on the postoperative clinical course is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of implementing a screening program for iron deficiency anemia and correction in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective single-institutional quality-assurance study that included patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer between January 2019 and December 2021. On 1 March 2020, screening for iron deficiency was implemented. Anemia was corrected by intravenous ferricarboyxmaltose. Patients with hemoglobin &lt;7mmol/L and ferritin &lt;30 µg/L or ferritin 30–100 µg/L and TSAT &lt; 0.2 were divided into iron- and non-iron groups. The primary outcome was a change in hemoglobin concentration, and secondary outcomes included blood transfusion, complications, length of stay, mortality, and implementation efficacy. Data from the patients were extracted from digital patient charts and entered into a database. Results: A total of 532 patients were included, of which 177 patients (33.3%) were anemic, 63 were in the iron group, and 114 were in the non-iron group. Adherence to the screening program was 86.3%. Hemoglobin (iron group) increased from a mean of 5.7 mmol/L (SD 0.8) to 6.9 (0.8) mmol/L, p &lt; 0.001. Iron treatment decreased transfusion rates from 27.7% to 9.1%, p = 0.007, and increased the rate of patients without complications from 53.2% to 79.6%, p &lt; 0.001, which held true after controlling for confounding. In addition, 90-day mortality was lower in the iron group; however, this was not significant. Conclusions: Administration of intravenous iron increased hemoglobin, leading to reduced use of blood transfusion and fewer complications.

The Formation of Self-Regulation in Preschool Children with Disabilities with Through Body-Оriented Methods

The present study explored is devoted to the problem of self-regulation formation in preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment in pre-school settings. Under consideration the positive influence of body-oriented methods on the formation of self-regulation. The organization and implementation of an experimental study aimed at developing self-regulation in preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment using body-oriented methods is described. Based on the results of the experimental study, a number of key conclusions were made about the effectiveness of the correctional program: the children in the experimental group developed better skills in controlling their attention when completing tasks without reacting to external stimuli; they began to retain elements in their visual memory better.

Changes in shoulder function and muscle strength following rehabilitation exercise program in male patients with forward shoulder posture undergoing rotator cuff repair

BackgroundAbnormal posture is known to affect the efficacy of exercise therapy for musculoskeletal diseases. However, no studies to date have examined the effect of exercise programs should take into account the posture of the upper body in patients with rotator cuff disease. This study aimed to assess how rotator cuff and corrective exercises impact shoulder function and muscle strength post-arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery, providing tailored rehabilitation programs for patients with forward posture.MethodsNinety male patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair participated in this study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups corrective exercise group (CEG, n = 29), rotator cuff exercise group (REG, n = 27), and control group (CG, n = 28). Each group was instructed to apply different exercise programs to correct posture and enhance rotator cuff strength. All patients were checked by the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant score and muscle strength, and range of motion preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months and 1 year.ResultsASES shoulder function scores showed significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.002, F = 7.03), indicating that the corrective exercise program was more beneficial than rotator cuff exercises (p = 0.009, F = 3.78). A significant intergroup difference in mean Constant score was also noted (p = 0.025, F = 3.86), while a statistically significant interaction between time and group was observed (p = 0.032, F = 2.96).ConclusionsThese results suggested that a corrective exercise program can improve shoulder muscle strength and function after rotator cuff repair in male patients with a forward shoulder posture.

“We need help too”: establishing client and practitioner demand for responsive programs for women sentenced for child sexual abuse in Australia

There is growing recognition internationally of the prevalence and impact of female-perpetrated child sexual abuse (CSA). Prior research has indicated gender-specific offending pathways and motivations for women involved in this crime, bringing into question whether there is a need for tailored offense-­specific interventions and whether these would increase treatment efficacy for this population. Using data collected across three Australian jurisdictions, this study used a mixed-methods design to explore the perceptions of correctional practitioners (n = 44) and justice-involved women currently serving a sentence for CSA (n = 18) on accessibility and demand for offense-specific correctional programs, and perceived benefits of such programs. Results indicate substantial support from practitioners (93.18%) and justice-involved women (100%) for the development of offense-specific interventions, despite there currently being few opportunities to access such interventions within correctional settings in Australia. A range of perceived benefits of such programs were indicated by both sample populations, namely, that targeted support would likely reduce the risk of recidivism by promoting greater self-awareness and improvement, peer support, and future-focused planning. Findings highlight a significant practice gap in correctional treatment and underscore the current demand for offense-specific interventions to improve outcomes for women who perpetrate CSA.

Correctional Programs in Reform and Rehabilitation Centers in the Southern Governorates of Palestine and Their Impact on the Level of Psychological and Social Adjustment from the Perspective of Recidivist Inmates

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation programs on the psychological and social adaptation of recidivists in Palestine which was achieved by examining the level of implementation of rehabilitation programs and the psychological and social adaptation in different correction and rehabilitation centres. Methods: A systematic research design was adopted to achieve the goal of objective normative inquiry. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis and linear regression. This encompassed measuring correctional program effectiveness and psychological-social compatibility among 237 recidivist inmates in the southern governorates, chosen through simple random sampling. Results: The results of the study showed a high level of application of the correctional programs used from the point of view of the inmates of recidivism for crime, according to the relative weight of 73.6%. and social, by 12.3%, as well as a significant effect of the variable of age and the variable of educational level as extraneous variables on the relationship between the correctional programs scale and the psychological and social adjustment scale Psychological and social. Conclusions: The study concluded the presence of a high level of implementation of rehabilitation programs as perceived by recidivists, while also indicating a low level of psychological and social compatibility among recidivists. The study further concluded a significant impact of rehabilitation programs on psychological and social compatibility, as well as the influence of age and educational level. However, the study found no significant impact of social status and the duration of punishment.

Постпенитенциарный идеал личности с «чистой совестью», субъектностью и «технологией работы с собой»

Introduction. The procedural approach in the study of a post-penitentiary subject is examined. In the procedural approach the most important is considered to be the analysis of formation, dynamics and novelty of personal entities. The aim of the research is to set the problem of designing a new identity of a post-penitentiary subject, starting from the change of his criminal attitude, constructive experience of guilt and stable reorientation of behaviour to the realisation of values of law-abiding activity. Methods. The dialectical method and the principle of development constituted the research methods. The main methodological approach of the study was the system approach. The study used general scientific research methods aimed at the collection, analysis, systematisation and generalisation of data, in particular, the analysis of normative legal acts and literature references directly related to the study of the problem of designing a new identity of a post-penitentiary subject. Results. The concept of “post-penitentiary ideal of a personality” is defined through the realisation and assumption of guilt for the deed, all responsibility for their future existence and activity. The article considers the problem of self-projecting of an identity of a post-penitentiary personality as an object of legal psychology research, which implies the adaptation of a personality to the “post-violent stage” of its free existence in society. In this case, a new identity, as a result of the post-penitentiary subject’s work over himself, goes beyond the individual self, as it covers broader contexts of a person’s life. Such personal transformations are possible through the introduction of effective psychological practices (correctional programs), self-design and self-development of a post-penitentiary subject. The analysis of foreign experience allowed identifying a number of “effective practices” used by penitentiary psychologists for adults and juveniles.

Effect of adding diaphragmatic myofascial release to corrective exercise on the thoracic curvature angle and pulmonary function testing in hyperkyphotic adolescent girls: A randomized controlled trial.

To investigate whether adding diaphragmatic release to corrective exercise could improve the Cobb angle and pulmonary function more than corrective exercise alone in hyperkyphotic adolescent girls. Single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. 118 adolescent hyperkyphotic girls were allocated randomly into two equal groups. Control group received only corrective exercise, while study group received diaphragmatic release in addition to corrective exercise. Primary outcome was Cobb angle, assessed by lateral radiographs. Secondary outcomes were pulmonary function testing, assessed by computerized spirometery. Outcomes were assessed pre- and post-treatment, after three months of interventions, in both groups. Two-way ANOVA revealed that both Cobb angle and pulmonary function testing significantly improved after treatment in both groups (p < 0.001). Time*group interaction revealed that the study group had a superior improvement in Cobb angle and pulmonary function testing compared to the control group (p < 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). Adding diaphragmatic release to three months of multimodal corrective exercise program showed superior improvements in Cobb angle and pulmonary function testing than corrective exercise alone in hyperkyphotic adolescent girls within a shorter timeframe compared to previous studies. These results strengthen the hypothesis of its potential as a beneficial addition to the treatment of thoracic hyperkyphosis.

What Women Want: Program Design for Females Sentenced for Child Sexual Abuse

ABSTRACT There is a growing body of research exploring the treatment needs of females sentenced for child sexual abuse (CSA), along with an increased recognition of the importance of considering the “female” experience in correctional programming for this population. While knowledge of the gendered nuances relevant to “what” to address in program content has been explored, strategies for “how” to enhance responsivity in treatment programming for this population are less well-known. This research aimed to uncover key responsivity considerations relevant to program design and configuration for women sentenced for CSA. Interviews were conducted with justice-involved women sentenced for CSA in Australia (n = 18) and practitioners (n = 25) involved in delivering treatment. Thematic analysis revealed that flexible treatment methods, re-imagined treatment settings, and positive alliances are perceived as essential features of programs for women sentenced for CSA. Participant suggestions largely reflect practices currently used within programs for males sentenced for these offenses, and mirror international best-practice standards in correctional treatment. These findings shine light on the preferences of women who are commonly silenced in correctional research; thereby helping to inform evidence-based program development and design to enhance responsivity.

The impact of SARS-Co-V pandemic on violence against children: one institution's experience.

Violence against children (VAC) is a global issue due to its biological, psychological, and social effects. Research in this field is valuable for understanding unknown aspects of VAC and for defining updated intervention strategies. Until now, there have been no clear indications about the possible effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on VAC. In this study, the authors compared quantitative and qualitative variables of pre-pandemic and pandemic cases evaluated at an Italian center specialized in VAC. The aims were to determine if the cases referred for VAC changed during the pandemic and if there were statistically significant differences in variables' distributions between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The referrals during the first 13 months of the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were compared to cases referred over 13 months (2018-2019) to the same center. The analysis showed no statistical differences between age distributions and most qualitative variables. A decrease in the number of cases was observed. The comparison of frequency distributions of most variables between pre and post-pandemic samples did not differ. The most important result of the analysis is that the volume of observed VAC cases decreased during the pandemic period, confirming the indications of the scientific literature. It could not be excluded that the decrease was due to the negative impact of the pandemic on the child protection system. The above data could help develop innovative prevention tools and corrective intervention programs for future emergencies.

POSTURE CORRECTION IN MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS USING APPLIED KINESIOLOGY

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of using applied kinesiology in a posture correction program for middle school children. The study involved 20 children aged 14-15 years (10 girls and 10 boys) who had postural disorders in the frontal plane. Three methods were used to assess posture: visual diagnosis, diagnosis by plumb line, and scoliosis measurement. Visual diagnosis included the evaluation of posture symmetry by shoulder height, scapula angles, and waist triangles symmetry. Diagnosis by plumb line assessed the alignment of spinous processes along a vertical line. Scoliometry was used to measure the degree of spinal curvature. The posture correction program included manual muscle testing, kinesio taping, manual techniques (ischemic pressure of trigger points, fascial release using a vibration gun, deep point massage), and special corrective exercises. The results showed a significant decrease in scoliosis measurements in all students, from 8.6 to 4 degrees. This indicates the effectiveness of applied kinesiology in correcting postural disorders in middle school children. Performing the exercises helped inhibit old and establish new connections in the cerebral cortex by building new motor pathways. Additionally, it fostered an understanding and habit of maintaining correct posture in children. Overall, the study demonstrated that applied kinesiology is an effective method for correcting postural disorders in middle school-aged children, leading to better posture habits and improved spinal alignment.

Роль родителей и педагогов в формировании профессиональной ориентации учащихся на педагогические профессии

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The research is aimed at studying the role of parents and teachers in the formation of students&amp;rsquo; career guidance for teaching professions. An empirical study was conducted with students of psychological and pedagogical classes (n = 45), their parents (n = 55) and teachers (n = 37). As a result, it was revealed: students as a whole are not focused on obtaining the teaching profession, they got into the profile class because of the desire of parents and the predominance of humanitarian subjects; parents, despite their interest, are directive in the professional choice of children; teachers demonstrate a greater focus on communication, which does not fully contribute to the formation of students&amp;rsquo; orientation towards the teaching profession. The formative experiment is aimed at developing students&amp;rsquo; awareness in choosing a profession and developing constructive support for children by teachers and parents through a correctional and developmental program. At the end of the study, students&amp;rsquo; interest in the teaching profession increased, parents&amp;rsquo; indicators of scales related to hyperprotection decreased, teachers&amp;rsquo; focus on the subject came out on top.&lt;/p&gt;

Effectiveness of Information and Communication Programmes for Children with Special Educational Needs in the Context of Speech Development

The work aims to determine the effectiveness of information and communication programs for special educational needs (SENs) in the context of speech development. The aim was achieved through the use of general theoretical methods of analysis, observations, and calculations of the ranking factor, efficiency coefficient, and Phillips correlation coefficient. It was established that the most effective approaches for the development of children's speech are the use of information technologies (2.5), social interaction (2.37), and group approach (2.25). Results: The results provided grounds for developing a speech and general development program for children aged 4 to 7. The program provided for the creation of mind maps, provision of joint reading, performance of educational songs, and development of speech in accordance with the specified topic. Training became possible due to the use of modern technologies, namely the applications MindMeister, Digital Inclusion, and speech synthesis from Google and YouTube. It was established that the developed program had a positive effect on the improvement of children’s phonetic speech compared to the results at the beginning of the study. Conclusions: The practical significance of the work implies the possibility of using the developed program for speech correction among a larger number of children. Prospects: Research prospects are related to elaborating speech development mechanisms depending on the degree of speech impairment.

Whether laser corneal refractive surgery combined with presbyopia correction technology could treat presbyopia

Presbyopia refers to a phenomenon in which the ability of the eye to accommodate is insufficient to meet the daily demand for proximity due to age. In modern society, more and more patients over 40 years old want to solve visual problems caused by presbyopia and refractive errors, which poses new challenges for clinical laser corneal refractive surgery, and a variety of combined presbyopia correction technologies and programs have emerged. However, whether laser corneal refractive surgery combined with presbyopia correction technology could treat presbyopia deserves clinical attention. Based on the mechanism of laser corneal refractive surgery and various presbyopia correction techniques, this article deeply analyzes the purpose and effect of laser corneal refractive surgery combined with presbyopia correction technology. It is proposed that this surgical treatment could only play a role in correcting presbyopia at present and should be performed accordingly.

Importance of Bilateral Limb Symmetries in Olympic Clay Shooting: A Prospective Intervention Study

The presented prospective controlled trial investigated the impact of neuromuscular asymmetry correction programs on Olympic clay shooting performance. The examination involved 33 subjects over six weeks, divided into an intervention (n = 18) and a control group (n = 15). After the initial assessment, subjects in the intervention group were given personalized training protocols to correct the identified asymmetries. The analyses revealed improvements of the intervention group in grip strength asymmetry (p = 0.012), single leg balance test (p = 0.027), YBT-LQ anterior reach (p = 0.036), and composition score (p &lt; 0.001) alongside enhanced shooting scores (p &lt; 0.001). There were no significant changes in the control group. The findings suggest a direct link between asymmetry correction and shooting accuracy, which agrees with similar research findings of other sports. This is a novel insight into the specific fitness demands for Trap and Skeet athletes and underscores the value of addressing asymmetries and incorporating regular assessments of these parameters in training routines, along with individually tailored corrective programs.

Effects of Shoulder Corrective Training Program on Pitching Loads and Sonographic Morphology in Elbow Joint in Youth Baseball Players.

Chen, P-T, Lin, Y-C, Chang, H-Y, Chiu, C-H, Chen, C-Y, Chen, P, and Lin, Y-H. Effects of shoulder corrective training program on pitching loads and sonographic morphology in elbow joint in youth baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e440-e447, 2024-We assessed the effects of a 12-week shoulder corrective training program for shoulder flexibility and strengthening on pitching loads and sonographic morphology of the elbow joints in youth baseball players. Seventeen subjects were recruited and underwent evaluations before and after the training program. We found that following training, subjects demonstrated significantly increased ranges of shoulder internal rotation (38.9 ± 12.9° vs. 69.2 ± 10.8°, p < 0.001), external rotation (91.2 ± 14.6° vs. 107.3 ± 9.5°, p = 0.004), and horizontal adduction (21.5 ± 8.0° vs. 32.7 ± 7.3°, p = 0.002); improved strength in the shoulder internal rotators (8.7 ± 1.6 kg vs. 9.8 ± 2.1 kg, p = 0.04), external rotators (6.5 ± 1.9 kg vs. 7.5 ± 2.8 kg, p = 0.04), middle trapezius (12.7 ± 2.1 kg vs. 14.3 ± 2.4 kg, p = 0.04), and middle deltoid muscles (10.8 ± 3.3 kg vs. 14.8 ± 3.2 kg, p = 0.001); and decreased thickness of the ulnar collateral ligament (6.1 ± 0.6 mm vs. 4.8 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.002). Although there was no substantial change in elbow torque and arm speed, significantly increased ball speed (51.2 ± 4.6 mph vs. 54.1 ± 4.5 mph, p < 0.001) and decreased arm slot (63.8 ± 11.9° vs. 53.0 ± 12.7°, p = 0.02) were observed. We suggest that adequate corrective training should be performed regularly to minimize or mitigate adverse soft tissue changes at the elbow in youth baseball players. Balanced shoulder strength and flexibility may decrease medial elbow stress during pitching. Future studies should consider the kinetic and kinematic effects of other corrective training programs on the shoulder or elbow joint during pitching.

Pelvic rotation correction combined with Schroth exercises for pelvic and spinal deformities in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Individualized treatment of spinal deformity is needed for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and the integration of pelvic rotation correction based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) into regular physiotherapy may be a promising approach. However, few high-quality studies have investigated its effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pelvic rotation correction combined with Schroth exercises in the treatment of mild AIS. This was a randomized controlled trial. Forty-two AIS patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups underwent 20 therapeutic sessions over 24 weeks. All patients (n = 42) performed Schroth exercises at each session. In addition, the experimental group (n = 21) also participated in a pelvic rotation correction program based on PNF at each session. The primary outcome was the concave/convex ratio of hipbone widths, and the secondary outcomes included the Cobb angle, trunk rotation angle, self-perception, apical vertebral translation, and apical vertebral rotation. Patients were evaluated before and after 24 weeks of intervention. There was a significant between-group difference in the change from baseline between the experimental and control groups for the following parameters: concave/convex ratio 2.89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 4.20, P<0.001), trunk rotation angle -1.26° (95% CI, -2.20 to -0.32; P = 0.01), and apical vertebral rotation improved by at least one class from baseline in 3 patients (14.3%) in the control group and 9 patients (42.9%) in the experimental group (P = 0.04). While Cobb angle -1.60° (95% CI, -7.75 to 0.54; P = 0.14), self-image 0.149 (95% CI, 0.001 to 0.297; P = 0.049), apical vertebral translation -0.58 mm (95% CI, -3.83 to 2.67; P = 0.72), and pelvic obliquity 0.10° (95% CI, -0.21 to 0.41; P = 0.52) did not differ significantly. Pelvic rotation correction combined with Schroth exercises more effectively improved pelvic axial rotation and other spinal deformities, including trunk rotation and apical vertebral rotation, than Schroth exercises alone in the treatment of mild AIS.