Correction Of Presbyopia Research Articles

Ten-year outcomes of pseudophakic mini-monovision correction of hyperopic presbyopia.

To evaluate long-term efficacy, safety, and spectacle independence after the treatment of hyperopic presbyopia with pseudophakic mini-monovision using standard monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) after bilateral cataract surgery. Private practice in Barcelona, Spain. Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Patients with hyperopic presbyopia underwent bilateral cataract surgery with pseudophakic mini-monovision using standard monofocal IOLs between 2008 and 2018. Main outcomes analyzed were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected near distance visual acuity (UNVA), and rates of spectacle independence at postoperative day 1 (POD1), months 1, 6 and 12, and at 5 and 10 years (Y10) postoperatively. The study enrolled 463 patients. Both UDVA and UNVA significantly improved postoperatively ( P < .05). The mean binocular UDVA improved from 0.47 ± 0.3 logMAR preoperatively to 0.096 ± 0.14 at POD1 to 0.16 ± 0.2 at Y10 ( P = .0033). The binocular UNVA was 0.05 logMAR at Y10, whereas in preoperative visits, all patients needed spectacles. The mean UDVA for the dominant eye ≤0.20 logMAR was achieved in 84.29% at the Y10. Self-reported and measured complete spectacle independence for near vision was achieved in 79.61% of patients at POD1 and 71.92% at Y10 postoperatively. For distance, respectively, in 86.29% of patients at POD1 and 78.43% at Y10. The achieved results were stable. No serious events were reported, as well as no photic phenomena. Pseudophakic mini-monovision in hyperopic presbyopes is a safe, effective, and low-cost approach for the long-term correction of presbyopia. It significantly reduces spectacle dependence and fulfils patients' expectations after bilateral cataract surgery.

Presbyopia Correction with FLACS and Trifocal Intraocular Lens

Presbyopia Correction with FLACS and Trifocal Intraocular Lens

Comparison of Five Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lenses: Optical-Bench Assessment with Visual-Quality Simulation.

Presbyopia correction through implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) is a modality offered to both cataract and refractive-lens exchange patients. To maximize postoperative satisfaction, IOL selection needs to be made based on patients' requirements aligned with the available technology. Five Trifocal IOLs were assessed in this study, and their differentiating features were identified: Triumf POD L GF, AT Lisa Tri, Tecnis Synergy, AcrySof IQ PanOptix, and Acriva Trinova Pro C. The optical quality was assessed using the modulation-transfer-function principle. Simulated defocus curves were derived from a non-linear formula. Far-focus simulated visual acuity (simVA) was 0.03 logMAR or better for all the studied IOLs, showing minimal differences. However, each IOL's intermediate focus position differed across a range from 61 cm to 80 cm; and for the near focus, it was 36 cm to 44 cm. Triumf demonstrated improved intermediate point at the expense of the near focus resulting in a lower predicted near VA. PanOptix exhibited the shortest range of vision without a clear distinction between intermediate and near-point. The remaining lenses presented three foci of comparable optical quality and, thus, simVA performance. Each model, however, revealed a different aperture-change response. Trinova function improved at intermediate but was worse at near for larger pupils. The opposite was observed for AT Lisa. Synergy's optical quality change was predominantly associated with lower pupil diameter. In conclusion, the trifocal IOLs can be differentiated according to their secondary-foci position, light-energy distribution, and pupil-size-related behavior. The observed differences may translate directly into a clinical effect showing that the trifocal IOLs vary in their ability to deliver optimal vision at different distances, with some providing improved intermediate while others favor reading distance. The knowledge gained through this objective testing can support IOL selection, postoperative patient counselling and increase the chance of spectacle independence after surgery.

Effectiveness of SMILE Combined with Micro-Monovision in Presbyopic Patients: A Pilot Study

Binocular summation along all defocus range after a micro-monovision procedure has scarcely been studied. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of SMILE combined with different levels of micro-monovision in presbyopic patients and to assess the binocular summation effect on contrast sensitivity defocus curves (CSDC) at the 6-month follow-up. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of visual acuity (VA) and stereopsis at far, intermediate, and near distances. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and binocular CSDC were also evaluated. Six patients completed the study with a programmed median anisometropia of 0.81 Diopter. The median binocular uncorrected VA was better than 0 logMAR at the three evaluated distances, and stereopsis was not impaired in any patient, achieving a median of ≤119 arcsec at any distance. CSDC increased binocularly after surgery, significantly in the range of -2 to -3 D (p < 0.05). No clinically relevant changes were observed in PROs compared with the preoperative period, and all patients achieved spectacle independence at intermediate/near distance and were likely or very likely to undergo the same surgery. In conclusion, micro-monovision with SMILE could be an effective procedure, with results that might be comparable to other laser correction techniques specifically designed for presbyopia correction.

Complications of Small Aperture Intracorneal Inlays: A Literature Review

Presbyopia can be defined as the refractive state of the eye in which, due to a physiological decrease in the ability to accommodate, it is not possible to sustain vision without fatigue in a prolonged manner, along with difficulty focusing near vision. It is estimated that its prevalence in 2030 will be approximately 2.1 billion people. Corneal inlays are an alternative in the correction of presbyopia. They are implanted beneath a laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap or in a pocket in the center of the cornea of the non-dominant eye. The purpose of this review is to provide information about intraoperative and postoperative KAMRA inlay complications in the available scientific literature. A search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus with the following search strategy: ("KAMRA inlay" OR "KAMRA" OR "corneal inlay pinhole" OR "pinhole effect intracorneal" OR "SAICI" OR "small aperture intracorneal inlay") AND ("complication" OR "explantation" OR "explanted" OR "retired"). The bibliography consulted shows that the insertion of a KAMRA inlay is an effective procedure that improves near vision with a slight decrease in distance vision. However, postoperative complications such as corneal fibrosis, epithelial iron deposits, and stromal haze are described.

Non-Miotic Improvement in Binocular Near Vision with a Topical Compound Formula for Presbyopia Correction.

The aim of this case series was to examine the association between unaided binocular visual acuity for near vision and pupil change after the instillation of a special topical formulation for presbyopia treatment. This was acase series consisting of consecutive participants with presbyopia aged 40-70years who were tested for visual acuity and pupil diameter before and 2 h after instillation of a formulation of pilocarpine and phenylephrine drops (FOV Tears) for presbyopia. Participants underwent subjective refraction, photopic and scotopic pupil diameter measurement and unaided monocular and binocular visual acuity testing by logMAR for distance and near vision both pre- and post-instillation of eye drops. The study enrolled 363 subjects (n = 176 women, 48%) with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 50.4 ± 5.8years. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) changed significantly (- 0.17 Diopters) after instillation of the FOV Tears formulation (p < 0.001). Post-instillation of eye drops, the scotopic pupil diameter decreased by 0.97 ± 0.98mm, and the near visual acuity by logMAR improved significantly by nearly two lines (p < 0.01). In the linear regression analyses, age (p < 0.001) and SE pre-drop instillation (p < 0.001) were associated with unaided binocular visual acuity. The changes in photopic pupil diameter and the scotopic pupil diameter were not associated with unaided binocular visual acuity. The use of the pilocarpine and phenylephrine formulation (FOV Tears) improved binocular visual acuity for near vision in presbyopic patients, and the effect was independent of pupil change.

Presbyopia correction using the monocular bi-aspheric ablation profile in myopic eyes.

To analyze the 6-month outcomes of the treatment combination of the monocular bi-aspheric ablation profile (PresbyMAX) and contralateral aspheric monofocal laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ablation profile for correction of myopia and presbyopia. Yonsei University College of Medicine and Eyereum Eye Clinic, Seoul, South Korea. Retrospective case series. This was a retrospective case review of 92 patients (184 eyes) diagnosed with myopia who underwent uneventful simultaneous bi-aspheric ablation in the nondominant eye and aspheric monofocal regular LASIK in the dominant eye to correct myopia and presbyopia between January 2017 and August 2020. Monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and near visual acuity (UNVA), and corrected distance visual acuity and near visual acuity were analyzed postoperatively. At 6 months postoperatively, the mean UDVAs (logMAR) in the dominant and nondominant eyes were 0.01 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.15, respectively. Furthermore, all treated dominant eyes achieved 20/20 or better monocular UDVA, and 84% achieved 20/16 or better monocular UDVA. In the nondominant treated eyes, 89% achieved 20/50 or better monocular UDVA, 78% achieved 20/40 or better, and 34% achieved 20/32 or better. The binocular cumulative UDVA at 6 months postoperatively was 20/20 or better in all patients. All patients achieved J2 or better in binocular cumulative UNVA, and 83% achieved J1. Presbyopia correction using the combination of PresbyMAX in the near eye and aspheric monofocal regular LASIK in the distant eye is a safe and effective treatment for presbyopia in patients with myopia.

Astigmatism Tolerance and Visual Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation of a Hybrid Continuous Transitional Focus IOL.

To evaluate the astigmatism tolerance and the visual outcomes after implantation of a premium intraocular lens (IOL) with a continuous transitional focus (Precizon Presbyopic; Ophtec BV) in pseudophakic presbyopia correction. This prospective study enrolled 20 patients (40 eyes) after bilateral phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Corrected and uncorrected visual acuities at 4 m and 80, 67, and 40 cm (CDVA, UDVA, DCI80VA, UI80VA, DCI67VA, UI67VA, DCNVA, and UNVA), astigmatic and spheric defocus curve, mean reading speed (MRS), critical print size (CPS), contrast sensitivity, optical aberrations (modulation transfer function [MTF] cut-off, Strehl ratio, and higher order aberration root mean square [HOA RMS]), objective halometry, and National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument 42 [NEI RQL-42] questionnaire were evaluated 3 months after surgery. Astigmatic defocus curves revealed a tolerance up to -1.00 and +0.75 diopters (D) for with-the-rule astigmatism, and up to -1.00 and +1.00 D for against-the-rule astigmatism. Binocular spheric defocus curve showed that the mean visual acuity was greater than 0.15 logMAR from 1.00 to -1.00 D. MRS, CPS, MTF cut-off, Strehl ratio, and HOA RMS were 116.97 ± 21.94 words/min, 0.45 ± 0.06 logRDA, 20.03 ± 4.86 cycles/degree, 0.11 ± 0.07, and 0.28 ± 0.09, respectively. Contrast sensitivity was within the normal range for all tested light conditions. The NEI RQL-42 evidenced high subjective satisfaction for all subscales, especially for far vision, activity limitations, dependence on correction, suboptimal correction, appearance, and satisfaction with correction. The Precizon Presbyopic IOL allows good astigmatism tolerance and both objective and subjective high quality of vision. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(1):33-39.].

Visual outcomes, spectacle independence, and patient satisfaction of pseudophakic mini-monovision using a new monofocal intraocular lens

Modified monovision—or “mini-monovision”—is an alternative method to multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) for treating presbyopia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients bilaterally implanted with the new enhanced monofocal Tecnis Eyhance (ICB00) IOLs with the mini-monovision technique to improve near vision. In this retrospective case series, the medical records of 50 patients (100 eyes) who underwent bilateral cataract surgery were reviewed. Patients were divided into the Emmetropia and Mini-monovision groups based on the postoperative spherical equivalent and residual myopia. The binocular visual acuity for far (4 m), intermediate (66 cm), and near (40 cm) distances, binocular defocus curves, contrast sensitivity, visual symptoms, spectacle independence, and patient satisfaction rates were evaluated at 3 months postoperatively. The binocular uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuities, contrast sensitivity, incidence of photic phenomena, and patient satisfaction were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the binocular uncorrected near visual acuities and spectacle independence rates were significantly better in the Mini-monovision group (p < 0.001). Conclusively, the pseudophakic mini-monovision technique using enhanced monofocal IOLs may be a promising option for presbyopia correction in patients unsuitable for multifocal IOLs.

New progress of excimer laser corneal refractive surgery for presbyopia

Presbyopia refers to the decline in the accommodation of eye that occurs with age, symptoms begin to appear after the age of 40 and the clarity of vision at near is insufficient to satisfy an individual's requirements. The correction of presbyopia include restoring natural accommodation and improving symptom. The former is still difficult to achieve at present, while the latter mainly involves wearing convex lens, and with more and more patients wanting to get rid of frame glasses, refractive surgery is gradually promoted and applied. Corneal refractive surgery, especially laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, is one of the most common methods for surgical correction of presbyopia. We reviewed the recent literature to introduce the mechanism of corneal refractive surgery treating presbyopia and the efficacy of different surgical algorithms.

Possible use of corneal lenticule in surgery of corneal diseases (literature review)

In this review, we analyzed the domestic and foreign literature on the use of corneal lenticula obtained by keratorefractive surgery using the SMILE technology (SMall Incision Lenticula Extraction). Research is being actively carried out on the use of a lenticular tissue for refractive purposes: for the correction of hyperopia (LIKE – Lenticular Intrastromal Keratoplasty), for the correction of presbyopia (PEARL – PrEsbyopic Allogenic Refractive Lenticule). A significant amount of works are devoted to the use of lenticular tissue for the treatment of keratectasias of various origins. For example, a number of authors for the treatment of keratoconus suggest implantation of a lenticule into the recipient’s corneal pocket formed by a femtolaser (SLAK – Stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty). Clinical cases of combined treatment are described: implantation of a lenticule and corneal intrastromal segments for the treatment of corneal pellucid degeneration. A large number of works are devoted to the use of lenticules for tectonic coverage of ulcerative defects, marginal thinning in Mooren’s ulcer. Several clinical cases of the use of a corneal lenticule to cover a deep corneal defect in recurrent pterygium are described. This review also included articles on the storage and decellularization of corneal lenticules. The analyzed articles show a wide area of application of the corneal lenticule; however, more research is required in each of the areas of application, and it is also necessary to solve the problem of procurement and storage of lenticular tissue.

Problems with diffractive IOLs

AbstractIn 2015, it was estimated that approximately 1.8 billion people were affected by presbyopia globally which was about 25% of the world population, and approximately 826 million people lacked proper visual correction. In the year 2030, the number of people with presbyopia is expected to be increasing to 2.1 billion people globally. two major IOL.Treatment and correction of presbyopia have become challenging with increasing demands and expectations of patients since there are no drugs or procedures that can cause perfect vision at all distances without risk. Surgical options, corneal or intraocular, are of increasing interest since they are based on most modern technologies. There are still risks of surgical complications, which are hardly reversible, and the best results are based on careful selection of patients. Moreover, good understanding of the limitation of the present technologies by patients and their trade‐off nature are very important, for example, patients who gain spectacle‐free of near or intermediate vision may experience some dysphotopsias in different lighting conditions or lose some sharpness of vision or stereopsis depending on the offered technology. Multifocal IOLs (MIOLs) can be made using refractive and diffractive surfaces or combination of both. The optical power in the refractive design decreases continuously from the center to the periphery of the lens creating an infinite number of focal points and is derived from the smooth hyperbolic shape of its optics. Thus, the performance of refractive design IOLs is dependent on pupil size and IOL centration. On the other hand, a diffractive IOL generates multifocality making use of light interference and is independent of pupil size. It incorporates a pattern consisting of a series of annular concentric grooves less than one micron in depth, which are engraved around the optical axis on either the front or the back surface of a lens (the echelette technology). One of the recent studies from Japan reported that patients implanted with diffractive multifocal IOLs had notable declines in the corrected distance visual acuity, distance corrected near VA, and near area of focus with aging.When compared to monofocal IOLs, MIOLs will always be related with poorer quality of vision. Moreover, good understanding of the limitation of the present technologies by patients and their trade‐off nature are very important, for example, patients who gain spectacle‐free of near or intermediate vision may experience some dysphotopsias in different lighting conditions or lose some sharpness of vision or stereopsis depending on the offered technology. Halos, glare, reduced contrast sensitivity or reduced retinal illumination are relatively common problems with MIOLs. Halos depend on the intensity and size of the out‐of‐focus image corresponding to the other foci produced by the lens, that is secondary to add power and energy distribution among foci. Moreover, if aberrations are used in their design, their position and centering might be crucial. MIOLs do not replicate the natural condition, thus patients with MIOLs must learn and adapt to their use with so called binocular neuro‐adaptation.

Options and considerations for the correction of presbyopia in the absence of cataract

AbstractPRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision is a treatment option for presbyopic patients that combines micro‐anisometropia with increased depth of field through non‐linear aspheric ablation profiles. This technique substantially improves visual outcomes in comparison with the conventional monovision approach. Trials show that PRESBYOND is effective in presbyopic patients with refractive errors between +5.75 and −9.00 D, including emmetropic presbyopes. With the safety advantages of modern femtosecond LASIK, retention of functional stereo acuity, contrast sensitivity and quality of vision, the rapid bilateral surgical procedure and a recovery time of a few hours, patient satisfaction is extremely high. In patients with no visually significant cataract, performing a corneal treatment avoids the increased risks associated with intraocular surgery, particularly risks that are relatively higher in younger presbyopic patients such as retinal detachment.

Impact of personality on the decision process and on satisfaction rates in pseudophakic presbyopic correction.

To explore the impact of personality on the decision process and satisfaction rates in pseudophakic presbyopic correction. Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece. Prospective, comparative study. A consistent consultation was conducted in patients with cataract that explained the benefits and the drawbacks of bilateral trifocal correction, which was offered at no extra cost. In all participants, personality was evaluated by The Traits Personality Questionnaire 5. Data modeling with decision trees and multiple regression analysis identified the contributions of personality traits to the decision process and postoperative satisfaction. Of 120 participants (60 men and 60 women), 81 (67.5%, 24 men, 57 women) selected premium correction. In men, low neuroticism and high extraversion were the primary personality contributors for selecting premium surgery. In women, all personality traits contributed to the selection process. Women were more demanding in the expected postoperative distant acuity than men (0.1 vs 0.2 logMAR) to present high satisfaction. For both men and women, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion are primary contributors for optimal satisfaction rates. Men and women demonstrate differences in the selection process for premium pseudophakic surgery and differences in the expected postoperative visual acuity. It seems that the personality of the patient plays a significant role in the perceived outcome after premium surgery.

Cost-benefit analysis of a trifocal intraocular lens versus a monofocal intraocular lens from the patient's perspective in the United States.

To conduct a cost-benefit analysis of AcrySof IQ PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens (TFNT00 IOL) versus AcrySof monofocal IOL (SN60AT) from the patient perspective in the United States (US). A de novo Markov model was developed to estimate the mean total lifetime patient costs and vision-related quality of life (measured as quality adjusted life-years (QALYs)) with each intervention (TFNT00 and SN60AT) and the incremental differences between these two treatments. The resulting incremental quality of life gain was mapped to the US patient willingness to pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY gain to estimate the lifetime net monetary value, measured as the net monetary benefit of TFNT00 IOL. Model inputs (transition probabilities, costs, discount rate, utilities, and event rates) were derived from the FDA IDE study (NCT03280108), published literature, clinical experience, and other relevant sources. Bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of the advanced technology IOL (AT-IOL) TFNT00 provides improved vision-related quality of life (QALY gain of 0.67) at an incremental lifetime cost of $2,783 compared to monofocal IOL. This incremental QALY gain translated into a lifetime net monetary benefit of $30,941 at the patient willingness to pay threshold of $50,000/QALY gain. Results were most sensitive to disutility due to wearing glasses, patient out of pocket costs for bilateral AT-IOL procedure, and post-operative spectacle dependence rates. AcrySof IQ PanOptix IOL provides greater improvement in vision related quality of life compared to no presbyopia correction with a monofocal IOL. This study shows PanOptix is a cost-beneficial treatment strategy for patients willing to pay out of pocket for cataract surgery.

Surface Electromyography of the Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid during Computer Work with Presbyopic Corrections. Optom Vis Sci 2022;99:496-504.

Surface Electromyography of the Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid during Computer Work with Presbyopic Corrections. Optom Vis Sci 2022;99:496-504.

One-year long-term clinical outcomes following diffractive trifocal toric intraocular lens implantation: retrospective observational case series study.

Trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) provides three foci for the external light to the eye. The reduction of corneal astigmatism makes three foci to clearly focus on the fovea. This study aimed to evaluate one-year clinical outcomes for near, intermediate, and far distance visual acuity and satisfaction in patients implanted with diffractive trifocal toric IOLs. This retrospective observational case series study was based on the medical records of patients who undergone uncomplicated cataract surgery with implantation of a trifocal toric IOL (POD AY 26P F-T FineVision Toric; PhysIOL SA, Liège, Belgium). Eyes with corneal astigmatism greater than 1.00 diopters were included. Postoperative evaluations included uncorrected near, intermediate, and distance and corrected distance visual acuity; defocus curves; and contrast sensitivity measured at both three months and one-year postoperatively. Subjective satisfaction was evaluated based on three kinds of questionnaires for spectacle dependence, quality of vision, and overall satisfaction. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity and that at 33, 43, 50, 60, and 80 cm at one-year were 0.07±0.08, 0.22±0.11, 0.17±0.11, 0.14±0.10, 0.14±0.10, and 0.15±0.10 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR), respectively. A smooth range of good visual acuity was found on defocus curve. Subjective scores for spectacle dependence, quality of vision, and subjective satisfaction showed no significant differences between three months and one-year postoperatively. The mean amount of IOL axis rotation was 2.14±1.72° (range: 0.2-5.1°) at one-year postoperatively. Implantation of a diffractive trifocal toric IOL for cataract, presbyopia, and astigmatism correction provided good refractive and visual outcomes, relatively smooth range of intermediate vision, and high levels of visual quality and patient satisfaction until one-year after surgery.

Correction of presbyopia.

Presbyopia, a progressive visual difficulty caused by weakened physiological regulation, is one of the main causes of visual impairment in people over 40 years old. Currently, the main methods of correction of presbyopia include optical correction, surgical correction, and drug treatment, which can improve the visual nearness disorder to some extent. Optical correction is the most common way with advantages of safety, which can adjust the lens parameters at any time, while cause kinds of inconvenience in life by wearing and taking off glasses frequently. Surgical intervention, including corneal surgery, lens surgery and scleral surgery, with certain advantages and disadvantages in each operation style. New pharmaceutical agents are expected to be a new and effective method for the treatment of presbyopia, but it lacks multicenter randomized controlled trials and evidence-based medicine evidence to evaluate the safety and effectiveness.

Refractive outcomes and optical quality of PRESBYOND laser-blended vision for presbyopia correction.

To investigate the one-year refractive outcomes and optical quality following PRESBYOND laser-blended vision (LBV). This retrospective study included 20 patients who underwent PRESBYOND treatment between Jan 2019 and Aug 2020. The patients were asked to attend a follow-up outpatient visit one year after surgery. Distance and near visual acuity as well as subjective refraction were examined. Optical quality was assessed using wavefront-supported custom ablation. A questionnaire evaluating optical quality and satisfaction was completed at the last visit. The average patient age was 48.1±7.4y (range, 41 to 58y). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -7.59±2.39 D. At the one-year follow-up, two eyes (both dominant eyes) lost one line of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), while the remaining eyes (38/40) maintained or gained lines of CDVA. The average binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 0.15±0.03 to 0.90±0.26 (decimal vision; P<0.001). The average binocular uncorrected near visual acuity increased from 0.34±0.28 to 0.97±0.07 (P<0.001). The spherical aberration was 0.04±0.06 µm in the nondominant eye and 0.09±0.09 µm in the dominant eye (P=0.02). All patients were satisfied with or accepted the outcomes of the surgery. The primary complaints were related to disturbances in night vision and relatively inferior near vision. Over the one-year observation period, PRESBYOND is a safe and effective option for presbyopia correction. The optical quality and near vision deserve further investigation.

Интраокулярная коррекция пресбиопии после лазерной кераторефракционной хирургии

Purpose. To present the results of research on modern aspects of intraocular correction of presbyopia after laser keratorefractive surgery. Material and methods. A literature search was performed to identify studies on databases eLibrary, PubMed and Scopus, using the keywords «calculation of multifocal lenses», «multifocal IOLs after refractive surgery», «correction of presbyopia after refractive surgery» (in the eLibrary database), «multifocal IOL» and «multifocal lenses calculation» (in the PubMed and Scopus databases). Thirty related articles were identified. In addition, seven clinical studies in which different groups of patients with a history of refractive surgery underwent correction of presbyopia with multifocal intraocular lenses (IOL) were identified. Results. In this article, there are examples of recent research of information about the intricacies of calculating refractive power of multifocal lenses after refractive surgery. Every year the number of people with a history of laser vision correction is growing, which means that for surgeons arises question about correct calculation of keratometric parameters. To date, the calculation of the value of the optical power of an implantable multifocal IOL after laser refractive surgery is complex and individual for each patient. Most people in this category are still not ready to wear glasses. Recent studies confirm the success of calculating implantable multifocal IOL, and ways to minimize inaccuracies in hitting the refraction of the target lie both in the approach to calculating the optical power of an implanted multifocal lens, and in choosing the optimal method for assessing artificially modified cornea keratometry. Conclusion. The results of clinical studies presented in the review allow us to conclude that the results of calculating the optical power of implanted multifocal IOLs are quite successful and, in turn, clinical and functional results in patients with a history of laser refractive surgery. However, further research is required. Key words: presbyopia correction, multifocal IOL, IOL calculation formulas, laser correction, LASIK, FemtoLASIK, SMILE.