Correction Of Micronutrient Deficiencies Research Articles

Prevention and correction of micronutrient deficiencies. What do we know about it?

BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies, including deficiencies of vitamins and microelements, are a major public health concern worldwide. They are highly prevalent, particularly in developing countries, and have significant health consequences, including anemia, impaired immune function, cognitive impairment, and growth retardation. Micronutrient deficiencies can also contribute to the development of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Micronutrient deficiencies can also contribute to the development of chronic diseases. AIM: To study the knowledge, interest and motivation of different population groups regarding vitamin and micronutrient intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original questionnaire with 45 questions was completed by 344 respondents: 141 (41%) without medical education, 91 (25.4%) with higher medical education, 112 (32.6%) by students of medical unvesities. RESULTS: Only 100 (29.4%) respondents considered their nutrition balanced. 180 (52.3%) people did not consume vegetables and fruits on a daily basis, 82 (23.3%) respondents almost never consumed fish and seafood. Almost all respondents [335 (97.4%)] took some vitamin and mineral complex at least in one of the periods of their life, 284 (82.6%) — did it without a doctor’s prescription. Female respondents demonstrated a higher level of knowledge about the problem under study: 115 (41.9%) women and only 17 (24.2%) men had checked vitamin D levels (p = 0.006), while 187 (68.2%) women and only 33 (47.1%) men had taken vitamin D (p = 0.006). Those receiving/having higher medical education were more likely to take vitamin D (4.4 times), vitamin B6 (3.8 times), selenium (3 times), and zinc (2.8 times) than non-medical respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The nature of nutrition indicates potential risks of micronutrient imbalance in the respondents. Knowledge about the problem of micronutrient imbalances among the study participants is not systematized. Men and people without medical education have less knowledge on this topic and are less likely to take various micronutrients.

Micronutrient status: impact on women’s reproductive health and pregnancy (Literature review)

The article is a review of scientific publications that consider the impact of micronutrients on a woman’s reproductive health, fertility, pregnancy, and modern principles of vitamin and nutrient deficiency prevention. In the modern world, and especially in countries with a developing economy, the problem of the deficiency of certain micronutrients is particularly acute. According to the WHO, the number of people in the world who have encountered it in one form or another reaches 2 billion. Chronic deficiency of certain micronutrients has a significant negative impact on health, at the same time has no specific clinical manifestations, diagnosis is expensive for mass implementation, and treatment of pathological conditions resulting from micronutrient deficiency requires a significant amount of resources. That is why the development of optimal programs and recommendations for the prevention or correction of micronutrient deficiencies is the focus of attention of WHO and leading scientists.

Prevalence and relevant factors of micronutrient deficiencies in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease

ObjectivesMicronutrient deficiencies are common in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, and explore relevant factors in hospitalized patients with IBD. MethodsA total of 52 hospitalized patients with IBD were included. Overall malnutrition and quality of life were evaluated with questionnaires, and micronutrient deficiencies were evaluated with serologic indices. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed, and regression was applied to explore factors associated with micronutrient deficiencies. ResultsThe most common micronutrient deficiency was 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D; 76.9%). Folate deficiency was more common in recently diagnosed than in previously diagnosed patients (37.0% vs. 8.0%; P = 0.013), but iron deficiency was the opposite (29.6% vs. 60.0%; P = 0.028). 25(OH)D interacted with folate (rs = 0.292; P = 0.036), vitamin B12 (rs = 0.292; P = 0.035), and calcium (rs = 0.415; P = 0.002), and ferritin interacted with folate (rs = –0.288; P = 0.038) and magnesium (rs = –0.333; P = 0.016). Calcium-deficient patients had longer hospital stays than those with normal calcium levels (P = 0.016). Low 25(OH)D levels increased the risk of overall malnutrition (odds ratio [OR]: 0.866; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.744–0.982; P = 0.025), and low ferritin and calcium suggested a poorer quality of life (P = 0.043 and 0.011, respectively). In addition, hemoglobin (OR: 0.930; 95% CI, 0.870–0.993; P = 0.034) and folate (OR: 0.708; 95% CI, 0.545–0.922; P = 0.037) were independent protective factors against 25(OH)D deficiency. ConclusionsHospitalized patients with IBD were at risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies, even those with a recent diagnosis or in remission. There were interactions between micronutrients and nutritional indices. Early identification and correction of micronutrient deficiency, as well as relevant factors, may improve clinical outcomes.

Иммунитет, витамины и питание

There is a relationship between nutrition and immunity. For developing countries, the problem – the protein-energy deficits, in developed and socially oriented economy – the lack of vitamins and trace elements. In Russia, various vitamins deficiency is registered in 30–90% of schoolchildren (from 20–40% to the extent of the deep deficit). Deficiency of vitamins and minerals leads to disruption of immunity raises the index of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders. Insufficient supply of vitamins leads to a decrease in phagocytosis, proliferative activity of lymphocytes, decreased concentrations of C3 and C5 component of complement, IgG and secretory IgA, disintegrate physiological barriers. At the same time increases the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. With a lack of selenium and vitamin E is possible passage of viruses from a sharp increase in virulence. The correction of micronutrient deficiencies should be combined, which implies the appointment of vitamin-mineral complexes with the inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, choline. It is recommended the use of drugs, various forms of which are adapted to the age and the physiological needs of the child.

Personified correction of micronutrient deficiency as a therapeutic tactic for improving the quality of ejaculate in idiopathic infertility

Introduction. Marital infertility is one of the key medical problems. Almost 50% of infertility in marriage is caused by male infertility. The proportion of idiopathic male infertility is 3040%.
 Material and methods. 157 patients with idiopathic infertility were randomized into 2 groups. The main group (MG) (n = 82): conducted a correction of the level of micronutrients in case of their deficiency by the appointment of monocomponent drugs in the maximum permitted daily doses. The control group (n = 75) (empirical therapy with complex drugs) was randomized to subgroup 1 (CG1) (n = 38): complex preparations with L-carnitine were used; and subgroup 2 (CG2) (n = 37): complex multivitamin preparations without L-carnitine were used. To identify micronutrient deficiencies, 93 healthy volunteers who realized a fertile function were examined (their partners were in the third trimester of pregnancy).
 Results. Deficiencies of micronutrients were determined: selenium, zinc, vitamins C and E. Correction was carried out for three months with monocomponent preparations. In the exhaust gas, there was a positive dynamics in all parameters of the spermogram. In the control subgroups the ejaculate volume, concentration, total sperm count did not change, an increase in the general and progressive motility was revealed. The proportion of normal spermatozoa increased in MG, CG1 and CG2 groups by 61.9%, 28.6% (in comparison with MG p 0.01) and 20.0% (in comparison with MG p 0.001), respectively. Total mobility increased by 44.5%, 24.5% (compared to MG p 0.05), by 12.0% (compared to exhaust gas p 0.001), respectively. Progressive mobility by 60.4%, 54.5% (compared with MG p 0.05), 14.7% (compared with MG p 0.001), respectively. Pregnancy in MG was 21.9%, in CG1 5.2% (p 0.05) and CG2 2.7% (p 0.05).
 Conclusion. Personified correction of micronutrient deficiency in order to improve the quality of ejaculate in idiopathic male infertility was an effective therapeutic tactic. The results obtained suggest that this approach is more pathogenetically justified, which requires further study.

Обогащенная молочная продукция – основной тренд коррекции дефицита микронутриентов: научные исследования и промышленное внедрение

Обогащенная молочная продукция – основной тренд коррекции дефицита микронутриентов: научные исследования и промышленное внедрение

Correction of micronutrient deficiencies is one of the priority directions in the practical work of a pediatrician

Micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, micronutrients) are essential for the normal functioning of the body. The problem of vitamin deficiency leads to the risk of alimentary-dependent diseases. The reasons of inadequate provision with vitamins and minerals are given: unbalanced irrational nutrition, the quality of the products themselves, the nutritional value of which is significantly reduced with the use of modern production technologies. It is noted that the biological availability, i.e. the degree of absorption of vitamins from different products, varies widely from 5 to 80% of their total content in the product. In order to concretize the diverse physiological role of micronutrients as an important component of various enzyme systems and metabolic catalysts, the authors summarize the literature reflecting the importance of vitamins of group B, ascorbic acid, retinol, vitamin D and their functional correlations, as well as the need for a balanced and harmonious approach to their dosing. The problem of negative influence of deficiency of microelements on the structural and functional condition of various organs and systems, on morbidity, linear growth, development of various skills and psycho-emotional sphere of the child is covered. Attention is paid to the danger of micronutrient deficiency, which often remains unrecognized for a long time, because its clinical manifestations are not specific and can be observed in various diseases. However, the excess of individual micronutrients also disrupts the physiological and biochemical processes in the body. The vitamin requirements of healthy infants correspond to the amount of vitamins consumed daily with the mother’s milk: From 4-6 months of age, the provision of vitamins to the child is significantly affected by the introduction of complementary foods, for children from 1.5 to 3 years of age, the daily dose of vitamins and minerals in the VMC should not exceed 50% of the daily physiological needs, and for children over 3 years of age should not exceed 100% of the daily physiological needs for vitamins A, D and micronutrients (selenium, zinc, iodine, copper, iron), and 200% for water-soluble vitamins. An example of balanced and complete composition of vitamin complexes Multi-Tabs is given.

Profile of anemia in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients on maintenance therapy and the effect of micronutrient supplementation.

Anemia is a common finding and important cause of morbidity in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis or during the course of its protracted treatment. We studied profile of anemia in ALL patients on maintenance therapy and evaluated specific micronutrients as cause of this anemia. ALL patients who were on maintenance therapy and had grade ≥ 2 anemia were recruited for the study. Serum iron studies, folate, and vitamin B12 were done to identify micronutrient deficiency and to initiate supplementation with specific components if found to be deficient. Toxicities, improvement of anemia, micronutrient levels, and disease outcome were studied after 3months. From March 2015 to September 2016, 105 ALL patients were found to be on maintenance fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Overall, the proportion of anemia was 80%(N = 84). Majority had normocytic normochromic anemia (71%). Macrocytic anemia was seen in 18% and microcytic hypochromic in 9.5%. In patients with anemia of grade ≥ 2 (N = 84), 38 patients (45%) had biochemical deficiency of serum folate, and 7 (8%) had vitamin B12 deficiency. No biochemical evidence of iron deficiency was found. Supplementation of deficient micronutrients improved anemia: mean hemoglobin significantly increased from 8.06 ± 1.63 to 10.78 ± 1.53 (p < 0.001) at 3months; and reduced treatment toxicities, mean number of febrile neutropenia episodes (p = 0.007), and treatment interruptions of > 2weeks (p = 0.002) were lowered. Patients with anemia had significantly more relapses (N = 14,64%) compared to patients without anemia (N = 8,36%), (p = 0.040). Timely identification and correction of micronutrient deficiencies causing anemia in ALL patients on maintenance can enhance treatment outcomes.

Efficacy of Elevit® Vitamin-Mineral Complex Pronatal from early pregnancy for improvement of obstetric and perinatal outcomes

The goal is to justify the principles of prevention and correction of micronutrient deficiency in mother and child on the basis of a comparative analysis of the health status of pregnant women and newborns in different conditions of provision with vitamins and minerals. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the clinical and biochemical results of a survey of 376 mothers and their children in the period of newborns. The study of the content of the main micronutrients in the blood and breast milk, ioduria in mothers, comparison obstetric and perinatal outcomes depending on the availability of women with vitamins and microelements during pregnancy. Results. Data on high frequency of polyhypovitaminosis (72.6%), hypo-microelementosis (19.4-45.2%), iodine deficiency in pregnant women, low concentration vitamins A, B1, B2, C, b-carotenoids, iodine, iron, zinc, selenium in breast milk in lactating, not receiving vitamin-mineral preparations. It is proved that the intake of women from the early stages of pregnancy is a balanced vitamin-mineral complex Elevat® Pronatal and potassium iodide at a dose of 250 mcg/day normalizes their micronutrient supply and significantly reduces the incidence of complications pregnancy, delivery in mothers, diseases and pathological conditions in newborns (in 1.3-3 times, p

Multiple Nutritional Deficiencies in Cerebral Palsy Compounding Physical and Functional Impairments.

Introduction:Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a spectrum of disorders causing physical and intellectual morbidity. Macro and micro nutrient deficiencies often contribute to the subnormal physical and mental capabilities of them.Objectives:To assess the growth, nutritional status, physical and functional ability and quality of life in cerebral palsy children and to determine any relation with their gross motor and functional capabilities.Method:The study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Centre, with the participants in the age group 1-16 years. A pretested evaluation tool was prepared which included Anthropometric measurements, tests for hemoglobin and Vitamin D estimation, evidence of micronutrient deficiencies, Dietary patterns, Epidemiological factors, Functional assessment using GMFM (Gross Motor Function Measure ) and FIM (Functional Independent Measurement) scales and Quality of life (QOL) assessment. The data was statistically analyzed.Results:Out of the 41 children, 30 had quadriplegia, 3 had hemiplegia and 8 had spastic diplegia. 34 (82.9%) were severely underweight, 35 (85.4%) had severe stunting and 38 (92.7%) had severe wasting. Micronutrient deficiencies were noted like vitamin B complex deficiency in 37 (90.2%), vitamin A deficiency in 31 (75.6%), low vitamin D levels in 27 (65.9%) and insufficient levels in 9 (22%), severe anemia in 5 (12.2%) and moderate anemia in 26 (63.4%). The gross motor and functional scores were suboptimum in the majority of patients and the care givers had significant impairment in the quality of life.Conclusion:Majority of children with cerebral palsy had multiple nutritional deficiencies, gross motor and functional disabilities. QOL of the children and their care givers were suboptimum. A comprehensive package that address dietary intake, correction of micronutrient deficiencies especially anemia and vitamin D deficiency, physical and emotional support is recommended for the wellbeing of the affected children.