Correct Behavior Research Articles

Leader–member exchange and emotional exhaustion in registered construction engineers: mediating role of active management by exception and moderating role of self-esteem

PurposeThis study investigated the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) on emotional exhaustion among Chinese registered construction engineers by examining the mediating role of active management by exception (AMbE) and the moderating role of self-esteem.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 304 registered construction engineers, the study applies the job demands-resources (JD-R) model to explore how LMX, AMbE and self-esteem interact to influence emotional exhaustion.FindingsThe findings indicate a significant negative relationship between LMX and emotional exhaustion, suggesting that higher-quality exchanges between leaders and members reduce emotional exhaustion. Additionally, AMbE was found to mediate this relationship, where high-quality LMX relationships decrease the extent of AMbE, subsequently lowering emotional exhaustion. Self-esteem was also found to moderate the relationship between AMbE and emotional exhaustion, with high self-esteem exacerbating the negative impact of AMbE and low self-esteem buffering this impact.Originality/valueThese results extend the JD-R model by incorporating leadership quality and management style as critical factors influencing emotional well-being. The study underscores the need for balanced management approaches that consider both supportive and corrective behaviors and highlights the importance of tailoring interventions based on individual differences in self-esteem. The findings provide valuable insights for both theory and practice in managing stress and enhancing the well-being of professionals in high-stress industries. Future research should aim to replicate these findings with larger samples to further validate and extend the results.

Evaluation of the Animal Guardians Program: An Intervention for Children Who Have Harmed Animals

ABSTRACT Childhood animal harm is associated with poor psychological outcomes and may co-occur with delinquency and violent behavior. Despite this, there are few established interventions for childhood animal harm and there is no research evaluating their effectiveness. This study is an evaluation of Animal Guardians, a targeted educational intervention delivered by the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Scottish SPCA) for children who have harmed animals or show concerning behaviors toward animals. Animal Guardians is for primary school children in Scotland and is delivered one-to-one in the child’s school over a 6–10-week period targeting: (1) understanding of animal sentience and emotions, (2) knowledge of animal welfare needs, (3) care and empathy toward animals, and (4) correct handling and behavior around animals. Using a matched-control sample of 48 children (24 referred to Animal Guardians and 24 matched controls), we evaluated the effectiveness of the intervention through a pretest–posttest assessment measuring targeted constructs. Mixed ANOVAs showed that children receiving the Animal Guardians program improved significantly more than controls on welfare knowledge, behavior toward animals, and cognitive and behavioral empathy. Furthermore, post-hoc tests showed that referred children improved significantly on belief in animal minds and affective empathy. The intervention was equally effective for girls and boys and independent of animal harm-severity at referral. Younger children had a marginally greater improvement than older children. Animal Guardians is an effective program and demonstrates that educational interventions can reduce the risk of childhood animal harm among high-risk children. More research is required on whether positive changes are maintained over long periods and whether educational interventions might complement psychological interventions.

Некооперативное речевое поведение в контексте слабоструктурированной ситуации директивного типа (на материале французского языка)

The study aims to identify the features of non-cooperative speech behavior of participants in situations expressing prescriptive, requestive and suggestive motifs in the context of weak structure (non-formalized) situations characterized by flexibility of the main situational parameters, such as the situational frame, the presence of hierarchical relationships between interlocutors, the distribution of situational roles, social conventions regarding correct speech behavior in the context under consideration. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the development of a methodology for applying the categories of H. P. Grice’s Cooperative Principle (CP) in the analysis of directive speech acts implemented within the framework of weak structure (non-formalized) situations by interlocutors exhibiting non-cooperative behavior. As a result of the study, it was revealed that violation of the CP on the part of the addressee results in the low perlocative effect of a directive speech act, leads to the need for speakers to use a variety of communicative strategies and tactics, makes it possible to exchange the communicative roles of the prescriptor and the performer of the prescription, while violation of the CP on the part of the prescriptor can be used as one of means of strengthening the directive intention. The categories of the CP are violated mainly in the context of the situation expressing a prescriptive motive, in the context of the implementation of a speech act of demand.

The Study of Strengthening Skills in High School Chemistry Micro-Lattice Teaching

At present, many chemistry normal students in China know little about strengthening skills and how to use intensive skills in teaching. However, to be a good chemistry teacher, you must master the strengthening skills. Because the appropriate and reasonable use of strengthening skills in chemistry class can focus students' attention, help students to maintain correct learning behavior, and inhibit or improve bad learning behavior. Chemistry micro-grid teaching is a practical training activity, which can effectively exercise and improve the various teaching skills of chemistry teachers or normal university students. After micro-teaching, normal university students can effectively improve and enhance their own teaching skills in a relatively short period of time. This paper introduces the research status of chemistry micro-lattice teaching and strengthening skills, briefly expounds the related concepts of chemistry micro-lattice teaching and reinforcement skills, and analyzes the individual cases of cultivating strengthening skills through chemistry micro-lattice teaching.

Публично-правовая ответственность: оценка современных взглядов в контексте утверждающегося в конституционной практике инновационного подхода

The postulation of the modern state as legal at the same time means the ability of a citizen to make public legal claims to the government as a whole and its power institutions. In relation to modern Russia, the problem of legally correct (responsible) behavior of the state and the entire system of public authorities in relations with citizens is fundamentally new. For a long time, the prevailing ideology of immunity of the state and other powerful public legal structures from responsibility turns out to be very «tenacious» in relation to new state-legal realities. Accordingly, the problem of responsibility of the state and public authorities for the violation of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms in the specialized literature is considered mainly in the context of positive legal (political) responsibility outside of protective and coercive tools. It is obvious that overcoming views rooted in theory and practice predetermines the formation of a well-established mechanism of legal responsibility of public authorities in the state legal system as the most important guarantee of constitutional and legal protection (and protection) of fundamental rights and freedoms, countering corrupt behavior of public law officials, and the formation of trust in government institutions in society among the broadest segments of the population. The study of the problem of public liability in this sense is indeed one of the priorities of modern legal science, is a kind of its response to the challenges of the developing constitutional practice of modern Russia.

On the pioneering term “relief generations” from geology and its treatment in geography – a call for correct scientific behaviour

On the pioneering term “relief generations” from geology and its treatment in geography – a call for correct scientific behaviour

Perceived Organisational Support Towards Psychological Capital and Organisational Thriving in Lithuania

This study examines the interconnectedness of positive organisational resources at three levels through a cross-sectional analysis of 408 participants from various organisations in Lithuania. It investigates the relationships between Perceived Organisational Support for Strength Use (POSSU) and Deficit Correction (POSDC), Strength Use (SUB) and Deficit Correction Behaviour (DCB) with both individual and collective Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and Organisational Thriving. Findings indicate moderate correlations between POSSU and SUB with both types of PsyCap, which are more robust than those with POSDC and DCB. Significant correlations between POSSU, POSDC, and Organisational Thriving suggest that supportive practices enhance overall perceived thriving. These results imply that managers should create environments encouraging employees to use their strengths for greater positive psychological resources. Despite limitations in design, this study contributes to Positive Organisational Scholarship and Positive Organisational Behaviour by addressing gaps in the links between positive psychological resources at individual, collective, and organisational levels. Future research could use longitudinal or experimental studies to expand these findings and address noted limitations.

Stochastic thermodynamics for biological functions

AbstractLiving systems operate within physical constraints imposed by nonequilibrium thermodynamics. This review explores recent advancements in applying these principles to understand the fundamental limits of biological functions. We introduce the framework of stochastic thermodynamics and its recent developments, followed by its application to various biological systems. We emphasize the interconnectedness of kinetics and energetics within this framework, focusing on how network topology, kinetics, and energetics influence functions in thermodynamically consistent models. We discuss examples in the areas of molecular machine, error correction, biological sensing, and collective behaviors. This review aims to bridge physics and biology by fostering a quantitative understanding of biological functions.

Two-Electron Atomic Systems—A Simple Method for Calculating the Ground State near the Nucleus: Some Applications

A simple method of non-relativistic variational calculations of the electronic structure of a two-electron atom/ion, primarily near the nucleus, is proposed. The method as a whole consists of a standard solution of a generalized matrix eigenvalue equation, all matrix elements of which are reduced to a numerical calculation of one-dimensional integrals. The distinctive features of the method are as follows: The use of the hyperspherical coordinate system. The inclusion of logarithms of the hyperspherical radius R in the basis functions, similar to the Fock expansion. Using a special basis function including the leading angular Fock coefficients to provide the correct behavior of the wave function near the nucleus. The main numerical parameters characterizing the properties of the helium atom and a number of helium-like ions near the nucleus are calculated and presented in tables. Among others, the specific coefficients, a21, of the Fock expansion, which can only be calculated using a wave function with the correct behavior near the nucleus, are presented in table and graphs.

Analytic solutions for the circadian oscillator characterize cycle dynamics and its robustness.

Circadian clocks form a fundamental mechanism that promotes the correct behavior of many cellular and molecular processes by synchronizing them on a 24h period. However, the circadian cycles remain difficult to describe mathematically. To overcome this problem, we first propose a segmentation of the circadian cycle into eight stages based on the levels of expression of the core clock components CLOCK:BMAL1, REV-ERB and PER:CRY. This cycle segmentation is next characterized through a piecewise affine model, whose analytical study allows us to propose an Algorithm to generate biologically-consistent circadian oscillators. Our study provides a characterization of the cycle dynamics in terms of four fundamental threshold parameters and one scaling parameter, shows robustness of the circadian system and its period, and identifies critical points for correct cycle progression.

Informing Empirically Fitted Density Functionals about the Physics of Interelectronic Interactions.

Further progress in constructing highly accurate density functionals by enforcing known laws of interelectron interactions is slow, so fitting techniques are usually employed nowadays. These approaches were shown to lead to overfitting when a functional becomes unreliable for properties on which it was not trained on. An approach to maintain the correct physical behavior of a functional during its training is required to build more complex and accurate functionals, including those based on neural networks. We devise such an approach and apply it to reparameterize the heavily fitted and popular M06-2X functional on its original training set. The resulting physics-informed functionals piM06-2X and piM06-2X-DL approached the accuracy of M06-2X in thermochemical tasks and the accuracy of PBE0 in electron densities, taking the best out of both worlds. Surprisingly, we find that a very similar performance can be achieved directly by using the PBE-2X functional without any fitting. The proposed approach should be indispensable for training future neural-network-based functionals.

Electronic Coherences in Molecules: The Projected Nuclear Quantum Momentum as a Hidden Agent.

Electronic coherences are key to understanding and controlling photoinduced molecular transformations. We identify a crucial quantum-mechanical feature of electron-nuclear correlation, the projected nuclear quantum momenta, essential to capture the correct coherence behavior. For simulations, we show that, unlike traditional trajectory-based schemes, exact-factorization-based methods approximate these correlation terms and correctly capture electronic coherences in a range of situations, including their spatial dependence, an important aspect that influences subsequent electron dynamics and that is becoming accessible in more experiments.

Cultivation of Top Innovative Talents Leads the Formation of New Quality Productivity: Ideal Picture, Realistic Dilemma and Practical Way Forward

Top-tier innovative talents possess characteristics of innovation, leadership, sociality, timeliness, and openness, which meet the needs of the development of new quality productivity. Vigorously cultivating top-tier innovative talents is a key factor in leading the formation of new quality productivity. The cultivation of top-tier innovative talents generates the connotation of new quality productivity, and the formation of new quality productivity also influences the training concepts and quality structure of top-tier innovative talents. There is an inherent logic of two-way drive and mutual promotion between the two. With the acceleration of the current new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the cultivation of top-tier innovative talents leading to the formation of new quality productivity faces practical dilemmas such as the lack of future-oriented thinking in talent cultivation, insufficient coordination in the talent cultivation system, and a lack of diversity in the types of talent cultivation. It is necessary to take a holistic approach, focusing on integrating educational resources, incubating cross-border innovation, advancing human-machine cooperation, adhering to open training, and highlighting regional characteristics to continuously exert efforts, explore new paths for the cultivation of top-tier innovative talents, and lay a talent foundation for accelerating the formation of new quality productivity. aggressive behavior in older preschoolers has long been a nuisance to kindergarten teachers and parents, and it is a common yet difficult problem in society. This study recorded the proportion, context, and reasons for aggressive behavior in older preschoolers at the Tianfu New Area Experimental Kindergarten in Chengdu. Combining the physical and mental development patterns of older preschoolers, methods such as observation records and situational analysis were used. Through real confrontation, observation, analysis, and exploration, effective ways to reduce and correct aggressive behavior in older preschoolers were found, with the aim of helping teachers cope with such behaviors.

A Helmholtz Energy Equation of State for Calculations of Thermodynamic Properties of trans-1,2-Difluoroethene [R-1132(E)]

This work presents a fundamental equation of state for calculations of the thermodynamic properties of R-1132(E), which is a potential refrigerant for residential or mobile air conditioners. The equation of state has a functional form expressed explicitly in the Helmholtz energy with temperature and density as the independent variables, and the form is fitted to consistent experimental datasets, including the critical parameters, vapor pressure, saturated liquid and vapor densities, (p,ρ,T) behavior, vapor-phase sound speed, and ideal gas isobaric heat capacity. The equation of state is valid between temperatures from 240 K and 400 K, with pressures up to 6.5 MPa. In this range, expected relative uncertainties at the 95 % confidence interval (k=2) are 0.1 % for liquid densities, 0.4 % for vapor densities, and 0.1 % for vapor-phase sound speeds, except at the saturation states and in the critical region where larger deviations of up to 2 % are possible in densities due to higher experimental uncertainties. The uncertainty in calculated vapor pressures is 0.15 % above 275 K, which is larger at lower temperatures due to their small values. Various plots of derived properties from the equation of state show that the equation exhibits qualitatively correct behavior over wide ranges of temperature and pressure.

Complete dynamic model of a Slinky based on torsion springs

In this paper a dynamic torsion spring model is extended to be applicable to Slinky's with a wide range of possible initial configurations. In the extended model the coil-on-coil impact is modelled by conserving momentum and modelling the impact as an inelastic impact with a zero coefficient of restitution. The extended model is applied to a plastic Slinky and a steel Slinky. The extended model is demonstrated to have the qualitatively correct dynamic behavior. The extended torsion spring model is now in a form to be applied to a wide range of Slinky behavior such as pseudo-levitation, wave propagation phenomena and stair walking.

Analysis of Young Consumers' Consumption Behavior from the Perspective of Behavioral Economics

As the pace of economic development in China continues to accelerate and wage levels increase, more people are achieving financial prosperity, with young consumers displaying distinct consumption characteristics. Consequently, they have become a key focus of research for Chinese economists. National consumption, as an important component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is a crucial factor in promoting steady economic growth. Under the guidance of existing behavioral economics theories, consumer behavior, influenced by various psychological and environmental factors such as personal intentions and market conditions, can be categorized into two main patterns: rational consumption behavior and irrational consumption behavior. Therefore, analyzing young consumers' consumption behavior from an economic perspective is beneficial for the research and formulation of relevant economic policies in China. It also helps correct abnormal consumption behaviors, thereby promoting rational and scientific consumption.

Can Carbon Finance Correct Strategic ESG Behavior of Enterprises? Evidence from China

Can Carbon Finance Correct Strategic ESG Behavior of Enterprises? Evidence from China

Exploiting neural networks bit-level redundancy to mitigate the impact of faults at inference

Neural networks are widely used in critical environments such as healthcare, autonomous vehicles, or video surveillance. To ensure the safety of the systems that rely on their functionality, it is essential to validate their correct behaviour in the presence of faults. This paper studies the behaviour of state-of-the-art neural network models with fault injection in their weights. For this purpose, we analyse the sensitivity of these models and identify the impact of bit flips on their accuracy. To mitigate the effects of faults, we introduce two mechanisms that leverage bit-level redundancy for protection. The first mechanism, Fixed Protection, safeguards consecutive sets of bits, while the second, Variable Protection, targets non-consecutive bits. Our findings demonstrate that, on average, random bit flip faults cause the accuracy of the original models to drop by 1.3% to over 3%. However, with our protection mechanisms in place, accuracy reductions are significantly minimised, ranging from only 0.0001% to 0.4%.

Effects of turbulence boundary conditions on Spalart-Allmaras RANS simulations for active flow control applications

We assess the suitability of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation using the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model as a closure in analysing the performance of fluidic Active Flow Control (AFC) applications. In particular, we focus on the optimal set of actuation parameters found by Tousi et al. (Appl Math Model, 2021) and Tousi et al. (Aerospace Sci Technol 127:107679, 2022) for a SD7003 airfoil at a Reynolds number Re=6×104 and post-stall angle of attack α=14∘ fitted with a Synthetic Jet Actuator (SJA). The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) presented in that work is taken as the reference to identify the best choice of boundary conditions for the turbulence field ν~ at both domain inlet and jet orifice in two-dimensional SA-RANS computations. Although SA-RANS is far less accurate than LES, our findings show that it can still predict macroscopic aggregates such as lift and drag coefficients quite satisfactorily and at a much lower computational cost, provided that turbulence levels of the actuator jet are set to a realistic value. An adequate value of ν~ is instrumental in capturing the correct flow behaviour of the reattached boundary layers for close-to-optimal actuated cases. This validates the use of RANS-SA as a reliable and cost-effective simulation method for the preliminary optimisation of SJA parameters in AFC applications, provided that thorough sensitivity analysis on turbulence-related boundary conditions is performed. Given the strong sensitivity of flow detachment on the laminar or turbulent nature of boundary layers, our results suggest that such analyses are particularly indispensable for vastly separated flow scenarios in general, notably for bluff bodies at moderate transcritical Reynolds numbers.

Possible Mechanisms of the Influence of Oxytocin and Vazopressin on Perception and Memory of Odors and on Social Behavior

A possible mechanism is proposed for the influence of oxytocin and vasopressin on the functioning of the neural network in the CNS, in which olfactory information is processed and stored, and which plays an important role in social behavior. The effect of these neuropeptides on postsynaptic receptors associated with Gq/11 proteins contributes to the induction of LTP of the efficacy of excitatory synaptic inputs to the main projection cells and to inhibitory interneurons in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, piriform cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory bulb and nucleus accumbens, including the olfactory tubercle. As a result of disynaptic inhibition in each of the structures, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved and the transmission of strong signals through projection neurons to their target cells is facilitated. Due to the fact, that oxytocin promotes the release of dopamine by the neurons of the ventral tegmental area, the conditions for processing and memorizing olfactory information in the interconnected olfactory and hippocampal neural networks, including cortical and subcortical structures, are improved, and attention is also included in this processing. Long-term modification of the effectiveness of interneuronal connections in these networks under the influence of oxytocin and dopamine contributes to the formation and stabilization of contrasting neuronal representation of odors formed in cortical areas. Orientation of attention increases the significance of socially important olfactory stimuli and improves the conditions for the functioning of the reinforcement system necessary for adequate social behavior. Taking into account the known data on the correlation between social behavior and the density of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors on neurons of different structures, understanding the mechanisms of the influence of these neuropeptides on the functioning of the olfactory system can be useful for finding ways to correct behavior if necessary.