Correct Values Research Articles

Measurement Refinements of Ground-Based Radar Interferometry in Bridge Load Test Monitoring: Comprehensive Analysis on a Multi-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge

This paper presents three refinements in ground-based radar interferometer (GB-radar) measurement for bridge load testing: (1) GB-radar phase jumps were detected for the first time on bridge tower displacement monitoring, and a recovery method is presented to obtain the correct unwrapped value; (2) a precise displacement projection method considering target deformation was exploited, and a case study of the Fifth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (FNYRB) GB-radar campaign shows that a centimeter-level compensation can be achieved; (3) a post-construction settlement phenomenon was found during the FNYRB static load tests, characterized by 0.31 mm/min, which accumulated up to 25 mm. In addition, the dynamic monitoring capabilities of GB-radar for the bridge tower and girder were verified, highlighting its potential for bridge structural health monitoring (SHM). The insights gained from this study offer valuable recommendations for future GB-radar bridge displacement monitoring.

Study on the water retention curve of shredded municipal solid waste considering the compressibility of specimens based on the centrifuge method.

The water retention curve (WRC) of municipal solid waste (MSW) is the important hydraulic parameter for the study of unsaturated seepage analysis in landfills. Due to the compressibility and degradability of the waste, the search for a method to quickly and accurately test its water retention curve (WRC) is a current problem that needs to be solved. In this paper, considering the volume change of the waste specimens in test, the test principle of centrifuge testing of WRC is corrected to make it applicable to the testing of waste WRC. In addition, the WRCs of 20 MSW specimens with typical landfill compositions and porosities are measured using the corrected centrifuge test. The effects of compositions and porosities of waste specimens on WRC parameters were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows. Disregarding the height reduction of specimens resulted in overestimated matric suction values and underestimating volume water content values. By comparing uncorrected and corrected values, the maximum difference of the matric suction and volumetric water content reach 233kPa and 11%, respectively. This study can provide a reference for accurately measuring the WRC of MSW using a centrifuge. For the waste specimen without kitchen and yard waste, composition had less of an effect on the WRC of waste compared to porosity. The effect of the content of the non-absorbable fraction on the residual volumetric water content θr and the parameter nv in the van Genuchten model was significant. The initial porosity n had a great effect on the parameter α.

Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Teaching Construction of Modern Manners -- Taking the Implementation of the Five-One Etiquette Cultivation Project as an Example

Ideological and political education integrates value leadership into knowledge transfer and ability cultivation, and helps students establish correct worldview, life view and values. The course objective of Modern Etiquette is highly compatible with the ultimate purpose of the course ideology and politics, and the course content itself has the function of educating people in three aspects . The construction of the ideology of Modern Etiquette emphasizes on practice, and the fi ve-one etiquette cultivation project encourages students to actively practice the requirements of beauty of etiquette outside the classroom, which is one of the important practical ways to build the ideology of Modern manners .

Patient knowledge about risk factors, achievement of target values, and guideline-adherent secondary prevention therapies 12 months after acute myocardial infarction.

The prospective GULLIVE-R study aimed to evaluate adherence to guideline-recommended secondary prevention, physicians' and patients' estimation of cardiac risk, and patients' knowledge about target values of risk factors after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We performed a prospective study enrolling patients 9-12 months after AMI. Guideline-recommended secondary prevention therapies and physicians as well as patients' estimation about their risk and patients' knowledge about target values were prospectively collected. Between July 2019 and June 2021, a total of 2509 outpatients were enrolled in 150 German centres 10 months after AMI. The mean age was 66 years, 26.4% were women, 45.3% had ST elevation myocardial infarction, 54.7% had non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and 93.6% had revascularization (84.0% percutaneous coronary intervention, 7.4% coronary artery bypass graft, 1.8% both). Guideline-recommended secondary drug therapies were prescribed in over 80% of patients, while only about 50% received all five recommended drugs (aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, statins, beta-blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors), and regular exercise was performed by only one-third. About 90% of patients felt well informed about secondary prevention, but the correct target value for blood pressure was known in only 37.9% and for LDL-cholesterol in only 8.2%. Both physicians and patients underestimated the objective risk of future AMIs as determined by the thormbolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score for secondary prevention. There is still room for improvement in patient education and implementation of guideline-recommended non-pharmacological and pharmacological secondary prevention therapies in patients in the chronic phase after AMI.

Comparision of the salt consumption habits and knowledge of the 1st year and 6th year medical faculty students

Objective: World Health Organization recommends maximum 5 gr of salt consumption in a single day. However in our country and all over the World, the salt consuption rate is much more than this value. In this study our aim was to determine and compare the salt consumption habits and knowledge of 1st year and 6th year medical school students. Material and Methods: All of the data was gathered from 279 students by face to face questionnaire. The dependent variables of the study were knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of students about salt consumption and the independent variables were questions about the physical characteristics, the education levels of their families, medical history of the participants and their families, their socio-cultural levels and nutritional habits. Results: 193 of the 279 students were 1st year student and 86 of them were 6th year student. Although the proportion of students who said that they knew the harm of excessive salt use to the body was 76% in grade 1 and 94% in grade 6. The proportion of those who supported salt restriction in restaurants was 41% and 65%, respectively. Students who answered that they know the daily salt recommendation were 18% and 48%, however the ratio of the students who knew the correct value was 79% and 75% respectively. The mean average answer given to the daily recommended salt consumption amount was 5.72.7 g in the 6th year students and 4.71 g in the first year students (p=0.033). Conclusions: As a result, in this study which was conducted in one of the medical faculties of our country, it was observed that the level of consciousness of medical faculty students about salt consumption increased from the 1st grade to the 6th grade, but still, the awareness of the majority of them was low.

Discussion on the studies of position-specific carbon isotopes of propane by Li et al. (2018), Zhang et al. (2022) and Shuai et al. (2023)

In a series of recent publications in Organic Geochemistry and elsewhere, investigators from State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry and their collaborators have reported position-specific δ13C of propane obtained from natural reservoirs and pyrolysis experiments. Based solely on the very negative ΔC-T values (δ13Ccenter – δ13Cterminal), ranging from −7 to −10 ‰, they advocated for abiogenic origins of the propanes from sedimentary settings (shale and coal deposits). However, they never demonstrated accuracy of the data and it is likely that correct ΔC-T values for these propanes are close to zero ‰. Therefore, their discussion and interpretation in terms of geochemical processes, including a putative abiogenic origin, are not substantiated.

Analysis of the Causes of the Formation of the “Involution” of Chinese Family Education

Starting from the influence of Chinese traditional reading culture on contemporary Chinese family education, this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of the “involution” of Chinese family education. The involution means to have fierce competition but no good feedbacks. This study found that the objective reasons include China's national education policy, and the subjective reasons come from the current family education; there are problems such as incomplete awareness of parents' education, lack of educational ability, education comparison and so on. It is proposed that the correct values and competition views should be cultivated among family members so that parents can take the initiative to break the barriers of education and promote the all-around development and healthy growth of children. This article focuses on the role of family education and the educational methods to prevent “involution”, which may provide another way for China's family education.

Criterion (Concurrent) Validity and Clinical Utility of the Tongueometer Device.

Tongue manometry (i.e., tongue pressure measurement) is a commonly used assessment for patients with suspected oral-motor involvement in swallowing disorders. Availability of lingual manometry has changed in recent years, with the introduction of the Tongueometer device being a more affordable tongue manometry system. The purpose of this study was to test concurrent (criterion) validity of the Tongueometer compared to the current standard reference device, the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Adults without dysphagia were recruited for participation in this study. Standard lingual measurements (swallowing-related pressures, maximum isometric pressure [MIP], and maximum isometric endurance) were recorded, with the bulb anteriorly placed, with both devices, in a randomized order. The Bland-Altman method was used to determine concurrent (criterion) validity of these measurements compared to the clinical standard IOPI device. A recently available suggested corrective value by Curtis et al. (2023) was also applied, with comparisons made between devices both with and without the Curtis correction. The final sample included 70 adult participants aged 20-89 years (Mage = 52.3 years). Measures with the Tongueometer device were significantly lower when compared with the same measures taken using the IOPI (p < .01) for all measures including MIP, endurance, and swallow pressures. The correction suggested by Curtis and colleagues did not ameliorate these differences. The Tongueometer lingual measurements were consistently lower compared to the IOPI. Clinical use of values taken with the Tongueometer device should be compared to normative data published for each specific device. Available features of each device (e.g., display, bulb texture, technology/application) should be considered when selecting which device to use with an individual patient.

Greybody factors, quasi-normal modes and thermal fluctuations of quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence

In this study, we examine the effects of a quintessence field-enclosed Schwarzschild black hole that has undergone quantum corrections on a number of different physical phenomena. The effective potential and its graphical features across different values of the quantum correction and quintessence field as well as relevant physical parameters are analyzed by deriving the radial equation from the Klein–Gordon equation and converting it into a Schrodinger wave equation using the tortoise coordinate. Both the event and cosmic horizons are found in the solutions to the radial equation. We provide a detailed analysis of the greybody component and its behavior by merging these solutions in the intermediate regime. By analyzing the black hole metric function, effective potential, and absorption probabilities, the study uncovers the complex relationship between black hole characteristics, quantum corrections, and the surrounding quintessence field. Investigating the BH’s quasinormal modes and thermal fluctuations provides insights into its stability as well as thermodynamic properties. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how the black hole interacts with its environment and responds to environmental changes, shedding light on the rich dynamics of black hole systems in the presence of quantum corrections and quintessence fields.

A Differentially Private Framework for the Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundant Architecture System in Cyberspace

With the development of information technology, tremendous vulnerabilities and backdoors have evolved, causing inevitable and severe security problems in cyberspace. To fix them, the endogenous safety and security (ESS) theory and one of its practices, the Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundant (DHR) architecture, are proposed. In the DHR architecture, as an instance of the multi-heterogeneous system, a decision module is designed to obtain intermediate results from heterogeneous equivalent functional executors. However, privacy-preserving is not paid attention to in the architecture, which may cause privacy breaches without compromising the ESS theory. In this paper, based on differential privacy (DP), a theoretically rigorous privacy tool, we propose a privacy-preserving DHR framework called DP-DHR. Gaussian random noise is injected into each (online) executor output in DP-DHR to guarantee DP, but it also makes the decision module unable to choose the final result because each executor output is potentially correct even if it is compromised by adversaries. To weaken this disadvantage, we propose the advanced decision strategy and the hypersphere clustering algorithm to classify the perturbed intermediate results into two categories, candidates and outliers, where the former is closer to the correct value than the latter. Finally, the DP-DHR is proven to guarantee DP, and the experimental results also show that the utility is not sacrificed for the enhancement of privacy by much (a ratio of 4–7% on average), even in the condition of some executors (less than one-half) being controlled by adversaries.

Bayesian inference of graph-based dependencies from mixed-type data

Mixed data comprise measurements of different types, with both categorical and continuous variables, and can be found in various areas, such as in life science or industrial processes. Inferring conditional independencies from the data is crucial to understand how these variables relate to each other. To this end, graphical models provide an effective framework, which adopts a graph-based representation of the joint distribution to encode such dependence relations. This framework has been extensively studied in the Gaussian and categorical settings separately; on the other hand, the literature addressing this problem in presence of mixed data is still narrow. We propose a Bayesian model for the analysis of mixed data based on the notion of Conditional Gaussian (CG) distribution. Our method is based on a canonical parameterization of the CG distribution, which allows for posterior inference of parameters indexing the (marginal) distributions of continuous and categorical variables, as well as expressing the interactions between the two types of variables. We derive the limiting Gaussian distributions, centered on the correct unknown value and with vanishing variance, for the Bayesian estimators of the canonical parameters expressing continuous, discrete and mixed interactions. In addition, we implement the proposed method for structure learning purposes, namely to infer the underlying graph of conditional independencies. When compared to alternative frequentist methods, our approach shows favorable results both in a simulation setting and in real-data applications, besides allowing for a coherent uncertainty quantification around parameter estimates.

Interpersonal Sensitivity and Subjective Well-Being of Migrant Workers' Accompanying Children: Role of Perception of Exclusion and Peer Support.

To investigate the impact of interpersonal sensitivity on the subjective well-being of accompanying children of migrant workers and the role of perception of exclusion and peer support in the process. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 304 migrant workers' accompanying children and 501 urban children in grades 4-9 in seven schools in Jiangxi Province, China. Hierarchical regression and bootstrap analysis were used. Interpersonal sensitivity not only had a significant direct negative effect on the subjective well-being of migrant workers' accompanying children (β= -0.27, 95% CI = [-0.37, -0.17]), but also had an indirect effect through perception of exclusion (β= -0.06, 95% CI = [-0.11, -0.03]). Peer support negatively moderated the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and perception of exclusion (β= -0.18, 95% CI = [-0.28, -0.08]) and the mediating effect of perceptions of exclusion between interpersonal sensitivity and subjective well-being (β = 0.06, CI = [0.02, 0.11]). The subjective well-being of migrant children is indeed lower than that of urban children, and one of the most important reasons is their higher interpersonal sensitivity. Interpersonal sensitivity not only directly reduces their subjective well-being, but also reduces it by triggering their perception of exclusion, while peer support can effectively mitigate this negative effect. Therefore, one way to improve the subjective well-being of these children is to reduce their excessive interpersonal sensitivity. Their parents should help them to adapt to urban life, to develop correct professional values and to deal correctly with "occupational stigma", to overcome feelings of inferiority, while communities can create specialized activity centers to provide more social opportunities and psychological counseling services for these children.

Interpolation Method Consistency Analysis in the Creation of Digital Terrain Models

Abstract The present paper proposes to analyse the consistency of several interpolation methods for generating a grid structure, which will be used for digital terrain modelling in the case of water retention basins (polders). The aim is to use a single dataset, from which a number of measured points will be eliminated, after which several interpolation methods will be applied to the remaining dataset in order to analyze which method yields the nearest correct (measured) value. The research focuses on comparing the reliability, consistency and sheer data accuracy (in comparison with pre-determined control points) of both the resulted grids and the noise filtered ones, to assess the performance of each method.

خوارزمية فصيلة ميركات المعدلة لتعدين القواعد الرابطة

تشكل قواعد جمعيات التعدين (ARM) إحدى تقنيات التنقيب عن البيانات المهمة. أصبحت الأساليب الكلاسيكية التي عمل عليها الباحثون سابقًا غير فعالة للتعامل مع النمو المطرد لقواعد البيانات ، مما دفعنا إلى استخدام عملية التعدين لقواعد الارتباط القائمة على ميتاهيورستك، وفي عملنا سنستخرج جميع القواعد الصحيحة ، و التعدين لا يقتصر على القواعد عالية الجودة. ذكاء السرب يعتبر إحدى هذه الأساليب المعتمدة. في هذه الورقة، تم اقتراح تعديل فصيلة ميركات لتعدين قواعد الجمعية (MCC-ARM). تعتمد الخوارزمية المقترحة بشكل أساسي على خوارزمية فصيلة ميركات (MCA). أكبر فائدة هي تنوع الحلول المرشحة في MCA. سنقوم في عملنا بتمثيل القاعدة باستخدام طريقتين مستعارتين من الخوارزمية الجينية، في المجموعة الأولى، تشير كل مجموعة من القواعد إلى كائن في المجتمع و التي تدعى طريقة بيتسبرغ، بينما تشير القاعدة الثانية إلى كائن في المجتمع و التي تدعى طريقة ميشيغان. تهدف الخوارزمية المقترحة إلى فحص أكبر عدد ممكن من قواعد الارتباط الصحيحة. ما يسمى بخوارزمية تتبع نهج تحديد منطقة البحث الفعالة، والتي تعتمد على آلية عشوائية رئيسية لقيادة الخوارزمية في استخراج القواعد البديلة وتجنب الحلول الكلية من الاسترشاد بنفس القاعدة، وهذا أدى إلى قدر كبير من التنوع. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يستخدم MCC-ARM طريقة التكثيف في عملية البحث المتجاورة لمنع الخوارزمية من الوقوع في الوضع المحلي. لإثبات كفاءتها، سنطبقها في أربع مجموعات بيانات موثوقة (مثل حديقة الحيوان، والائتمان الألماني، والورم الأساسي والشطرنج). لقد حصل التحسين الذي أحدثته الخوارزمية المقترحة على عاملين حاسمين ، وهما عدد القواعد الصحيحة وقيمة لياقة الجودة.

A Study on the Construction of Cultural Identity of Chinese Students Studying Abroad under the "Belt and Road" Initiative

The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, a centennial plan, are significantly displaying Chinese civilization worldwide. The dissemination of civilization is merely a process, while the recognition of civilization enables the world to breathe in unison with China, share a common destiny, and connect hearts and minds. The alignment of people's hearts and minds is achieved through righteousness and justice. In this context, how to promote China and gain global recognition is one of the core tasks of China's diplomacy, united front work, and the long-term implementation of the Belt and Road strategy. International students coming to China for study are an important force in spreading Chinese civilization, values, and the Chinese model to the outside world. While imparting scientific and cultural knowledge, schools need to conduct implicit cultural education to establish correct values and worldviews. It is essential to cultivate international students' recognition of Chinese culture, Chinese territory, and the path of development with Chinese characteristics. The aim is to ignite a spark that can start a prairie fire, laying a foundation for building a friendship of "long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, mutual trust, and shared honor and disgrace" between China and the world in the future.

How does technological value drive 6G development? Explanation from a systematic framework

As a novel form of infrastructure, 6G is poised to become an indispensable component of the future digital economy and serves as a solid guarantee for the development of human society. Given that technological innovation inherently possesses purpose and direction, its progress cannot be divorced from the correct value orientation. However, scholarly attention towards investigating the value proposition of 6G remains limited. Establishing a scientific and rational value system assumes paramount importance in shaping future investments and deployments of 6G and fostering advancements in associated technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the value proposition of 6G, examining it from multiple perspectives including economic, social, ecological, cultural, and strategic dimensions. In addition, we explore the four vertical value dimensions of nation, industry, firm and individual. By integrating the technology life cycle framework into our consideration, we elucidate how value is realized and evolves across different stages. The primary objective of this paper is to enhance comprehension regarding the value of 6G and forthcoming technologies while extensively expounding on the potential contributions of 6G towards future economic and social development.

Temperature dependence of the diffusion, thermodiffusion and Soret coefficient of a dilute polystyrene/toluene solution as measured by means of a transient holographic grating technique

We have measured diffusion, thermodiffusion and Soret coefficients of a dilute solution of polystyrene in toluene by means of the transient holographic grating technique of thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering over a temperature range from 10 to 50 °C. The results show a systematic deviation from optical beam deflection measurements over a narrower temperature interval of the order of ten percent but the identical temperature dependence. A comparison with previous measurements from our laboratory, new control measurements and literature data does not lead to a clear conclusion about the correct values. From the diffusion coefficient a temperature independent hydrodynamic radius is obtained. Both the Soret coefficient and the viscosity-scaled thermodiffusion coefficient ηDT, for which a universal value has been reported in the case of asymmetric systems with large solute entities, decrease with temperature.

Solusi Numerik Model Matematika SIPAS dalam Penyebaran Praktik Monkey Business dengan Metode Adams-Bashforth-Moulton

This research is applied research to determine the numerical solution for the SIPAS mathematical model for the spread of monkey business practices using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method. The epidemic model for the spread of monkey business practices is susceptible, infected, practiced, and awareness (SIPAS). The discussion begins by determining the initial solution using the fifth order Runge-Kutta method, prediction and correction values using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method, simulation and analysis of the results. In this research, it was found that the Adams-Bashforth- Moulton method predicts an increase in the population who know a viral business and become vulnerable(S) due to the number of residents who know a viral business and the population who are aware of the dangers of monkey business practices. Meanwhile, the population that is interested (I), practiced (P) and awareness (A), on the other hand, has decreased and disappeared completely due to a population that has stopped following a viral business and is aware of the dangers of monkey business practices. After carrying out simulations and analyzing the results, it can be seen that the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method can be used to determine the numerical solution for the SIPAS mathematical model for the spread of monkey business practices.

Clinical validation of a capnodynamic method for measuring end-expiratory lung volume in critically ill patients

RationaleEnd-expiratory lung volume (EELV) is reduced in mechanically ventilated patients, especially in pathologic conditions. The resulting heterogeneous distribution of ventilation increases the risk for ventilation induced lung injury. Clinical measurement of EELV however, remains difficult.ObjectiveValidation of a novel continuous capnodynamic method based on expired carbon dioxide (CO2) kinetics for measuring EELV in mechanically ventilated critically-ill patients.MethodsProspective study of mechanically ventilated patients scheduled for a diagnostic computed tomography exploration. Comparisons were made between absolute and corrected EELVCO2 values, the latter accounting for the amount of CO2 dissolved in lung tissue, with the reference EELV measured by computed tomography (EELVCT). Uncorrected and corrected EELVCO2 was compared with total CT volume (density compartments between − 1000 and 0 Hounsfield units (HU) and functional CT volume, including density compartments of − 1000 to − 200HU eliminating regions of increased shunt. We used comparative statistics including correlations and measurement of accuracy and precision by the Bland Altman method.Measurements and main resultsOf the 46 patients included in the final analysis, 25 had a diagnosis of ARDS (24 of which COVID-19). Both EELVCT and EELVCO2 were significantly reduced (39 and 40% respectively) when compared with theoretical values of functional residual capacity (p < 0.0001). Uncorrected EELVCO2 tended to overestimate EELVCT with a correlation r2 0.58; Bias − 285 and limits of agreement (LoA) (+ 513 to − 1083; 95% CI) ml. Agreement improved for the corrected EELVCO2 to a Bias of − 23 and LoA of (+ 763 to − 716; 95% CI) ml. The best agreement of the method was obtained by comparison of corrected EELVCO2 with functional EELVCT with a r2 of 0.59; Bias − 2.75 (+ 755 to − 761; 95% CI) ml. We did not observe major differences in the performance of the method between ARDS (most of them COVID related) and non-ARDS patients.ConclusionIn this first validation in critically ill patients, the capnodynamic method provided good estimates of both total and functional EELV. Bias improved after correcting EELVCO2 for extra-alveolar CO2 content when compared with CT estimated volume. If confirmed in further validations EELVCO2 may become an attractive monitoring option for continuously monitor EELV in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04045262).

产教融合视域下的药物化学课程思政教学改革

本文从产教融合的视角探讨药物化学课程中的思政教学改革。文章首先阐述在产教融合背景下进行课程思政教学的必要性，强调高职院校应将社会主义核心价值观与企业社会责任、职业道德准则等思政元素融入专业课程教学中，培养具备专业知识和技能、良好职业道德和创新能力的高素质人才。文章详细分析药物化学课程思政改革的思路、实施过程和具体方法，结合课程章节内容和实际案例，将疾病背景、药物发现过程、国家政策、典型药物事件等融入教学，引导学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，培养责任感、团队合作精神和创新意识。最后，文章总结改革实施的效果，强调药物化学课程的思政教学改革有助于培养满足现代医药行业需求的高素质人才。This paper examines the reform of ideological and political education in the pharmaceutical chemistry curriculum from the perspective of industry-education integration. It first outlines the necessity of incorporating ideological and political education in the curriculum within this context, emphasizing that vocational colleges should integrate core socialist values with corporate social responsibility and professional ethics into their specialized courses. This approach aims to cultivate high-quality talents with professional knowledge and skills, strong professional ethics, and innovative abilities. The paper analyzes the strategy, implementation process, and specific methods of ideological and political reforms in pharmaceutical chemistry education. It integrates case studies with curriculum topics to provide practical examples, incorporating disease backgrounds, drug discovery processes, national policies, and significant pharmaceutical events into the lessons. This helps guide students toward developing a correct worldview, life perspective, and values while fostering responsibility, teamwork, and innovation. In conclusion, the paper summarizes the effectiveness of the reforms, emphasizing that such curriculum changes help produce high-quality pharmaceutical professionals to meet the demands of the modern pharmaceutical industry.