Correct Rules Research Articles

Sit in the Koran, and its impact on the Muslim's steadfastness on his Islamic identity

The Islamic society passes in difficult circumstances that invite us to get back to our religion and to the holly Quran, and to leave imitating the old fathers, grandfathers and the enemies. That is because our youth i.e. males and females began imitating what they hear or see with no idea if it is good or bad. So, this research is written and entitled (Getting back to the holly Quran and its effect on the Muslim's stability on his faith and Islamic identity).This study is divided into an introduction and four sections:1-Al-Itsam (holding fast to the book of Allah) definition in linguistics and terminology.2-The Muslims' imitation of the others traditions.3-The difference between imitation and following up.4-The aids that help Muslim to stay on his Islamic identity. Then, these sections are followed by a conclusion showing the main results that this study has come up with. Some of them are:1-The meaning of (holding fast) is to be controlled by God's orders and follow them.2-It is noticed that most of those who of those who are part of the Islamic society prefer their grandfathers and sheikhs rather than the correct legislative texts.3-Most of the people mix between the two terms (imitation and following the right path) even if they contradict and each has its different meaning.4-There is a blind imitation _done without vision-by most of the Muslims to the unbelievers in their traditions which do not confirm with the Islamic traditions and customs. The ways that may help to be hold to the book of Allah are:1-Holding fast to the book of Allah and his prophet's sayings –peace and blessings be upon him-and this is one of his wills to his nation.2-The Islamic religion is built on the message transferred through Gabriel and the correct message brought from Allah not upon imitation, so we have to follow the correct Islamic rules not imitating anyone whoever he is.3-We have to follow our prophet and take his patience as an example when he managed to stand even if he is hurt by the unbelievers waiting for the solution from Al-mighty. 4-We have to follow what our prophet had left even if it is part of the worships genres.5-we have to follow our prophet and follow his orders, behaviors and all the things he did. Then, the list of references and the most findings this study has come up at the end…...

An original simplified method based on the use of an adjustable localization operator for low-cycle fatigue life predictions in the case of confined plasticity

This study aims to propose a methodology to rapidly obtain low-cycle fatigue life predictions. The main idea is to use a recently developed simplified method to estimate the stabilized stress-strain curve in confined plasticity in order to apply a fatigue criterion. This original simplified method is based on the use of an adjustable scale transition rule which has been demonstrated to be more robust to multiaxial loadings than classic plasticity correction rules. Different procedures are used to calibrate the localization operator and are compared to each other. The whole method is validated on a double notched specimen subjected either to compressive or tensile repeated loading. Kinematics and isotropic hardenings with threshold are used to model the partial mean stress relaxation that is observed experimentally. A modification of the Morrow fatigue criterion is proposed to enhance the prediction of the influence of the load ratio, represented by the local stabilized mean stress. The full design chain validation on notched specimens has shown a constant conservatism on the fatigue life predictions whatever the nominal load ratio and level. The results obtained with the simplified method are very similar to those obtained with finite elements.

Socio-Ecological Impact of Unauthorized Gold Mining in West Dumoga, Bolaang Mongondow

Unlicensed Gold Mining (Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin – PETI) is a mining business undertaken by an individual, or a group of people, or a legal entity incorporated in its operation without licenses and government agencies in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. PETI activities that do not follow the correct mining rules, have resulted in environmental damage, waste of mineral resources, and mine accidents. Besides that, PETI not only causes the potential revenue to decrease, but also the state/government must spend enormous funds to repair environmental damage.This research takes place in West Dumoga, Bolaang Mongondow District, North Sulawesi Province which has several points which become the location of unlicensed gold mining (PETI). The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of environmental damage caused by gold mining. Besides, this research will trace the socio-economic impact caused that harm the surrounding community. In accordance with the objectives to be achieved, this research using descriptive qualitative research method. The data was collected by conducting direct observation at the research site by interviewing and distributing questionnaires, and tracking the related documents. The results of this study are expected to provide a comprehensive argument of the phenomenon of PETI in West Dumoga, Bolaang Mongondow District, North Sulawesi Province along with the ecological, economic and social impacts. Furthermore, the results of this study is expected to be a contribution of thought to the Government of Bolaang Mongondow District in policy making and solving problems of PETI. This research is also expected to be a source of reference for related parties and society in general.

Rhetoric as a Tool for Studying Our Thoughts: What is Téchne Rhetoriké?

Rhetoric is not only a methodology of the humanities. It is the most important of the sciences the ancient thinkers left us. It defines not only the methods of argumentation from uncertain premises, and not only is it a theory of text, but most of all it is a tool for organising our thoughts and preparing texts, the aim of which is to convince, but in a way which ensures knowledge and not opinion (Kant). However, the language that we use often fails us. Both Plato and Aristotle warned us about this. At the same time, they developed the foundations for téchne rhetoriké, the systemic shape of which we owe to Quintilian. Rhetoric, as posited by its ancient as well as contemporary researchers, is not a lexicon of gimmicks (Volkmann). It is rather an analogue of logic (Volkmann). As Wilhelm Windelband said: “thanks to grammar and rhetoric we have learnt the correct rules of thinking.” The author discusses not only the history of the studies of rhetoric, but also of language, mainly referring to the traditions of the Vienna Circle (Der Wiener Kreis). Though the achievements of contemporary linguistics and the contemporary studies on the philosophical foundations of linguistic studies are considered, the perspectives defined by Immanuel Kant and the researchers from the Vienna Circle are dominant. The aim of this study was not only to reiterate Windelband’s thesis, but also to verify it more comprehensively.

The Unnecessary Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose

Warranty law provides that if a seller makes “an affirmation of fact” about an attribute of a good, an express warranty is created upon its sale. But if the buyer specifies she wants a good with that same attribute, a warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is formed upon the sale. This distinction, without an analytical difference, can cause problems. Take the case where a dry cleaner wanted to use its existing steam cleaner to power a heating system for its store. It called a commercial heating company, explained its desires, and the heating company put in a system. The system didn’t work – it needed more steam than could be produced by the existing cleaner. The heating company, however, had effectively disclaimed the warranty of fitness in the contract. So the dry cleaner lost because only a fitness warranty was created when the buyer brought up the need to run the new system from the existing equipment, and fitness warranties can be disclaimed. But if the seller had promised with words that the heating system could be powered by the existing steamer, then the buyer would have received an express warranty, and the dry cleaner would have prevailed because it is almost impossible to disclaim an express warranty effectively under warranty law. Such analytical tap dancing is nonsense. The law in both cases should protect the legitimate expectation of the dry cleaner that the new heating system would be run by the existing steam unit, and no disclaimer should take that away. That result can be achieved by finding that the seller’s undertaking to supply a good in response to an expressed need of the buyer acts as an express promise that the goods will meet the buyer’s needs. In that way, what are now fitness cases can properly be treated as express warranty cases, and the fitness warranty can be eliminated as unnecessary. Express warranty is the proper theory because in both fitness and express warranty cases, the attribute of the good being warranted is expressed. In traditional express warranty cases it is expressed by the seller; in traditional fitness cases, it is expressed by the buyer. But it is expressed, and the act of the seller in furnishing goods that purportedly have that attribute is as much of a promise that the goods are suitable as if the attribute was promised in words. That is, it should make no difference if the seller promises that a dive watch is watertight down to 200 feet while she hands over the watch to the buyer, or the buyer asks for a dive watch that is watertight down to 200 feet and is handed the same watch by the seller. In both cases, the same contract is formed, and, in both cases, an express warranty that the watch can be used down to 200 feet is created. Further, eliminating the fitness warranty would have other beneficial consequences, such as: (1) eliminating the systemic problems that arise under implied warranty theory when a buyer’s “particular purpose” is the same as the good’s “ordinary purpose”; (2) more properly making a “fitness” warranty harder to disclaim, as in the dry cleaner case above; and (3) providing a correct parol evidence rule framework for what are now fitness cases.

THE ANALYSIS OF DERIVATION IN CONVERSATION SCRIPTS

Word derivation make the conversation more simple and specific to the topic. The case is many students didn’t recognise and aware of using it. this paper is trying to reveal the words derivation that the students use in their speaking class conversation whether or not it affected to the semantic. Dealing with vocabulary and grammar, speakers often choose certain vocabulary to express something and forming it into the correct grammatical rules, the choice of vocabulary that the speaker use during the planned speaking activity in the classroom and how this words implemented with the correct grammar in the form of literature dealing with morphology and semantic are the main focus of this paper. Many students didn’t really aware with the use of derivational words, 3 numbers of students conversational scripts didn’t insert any derivational words at all. While the other 2 insert very little derivational words. The method of analysis that the writer use to reveal the processes of derivation in more detail by noting three simultaneous processes, namely: a morphological process (e.g. changing the shape of an existing word by adding a prefix or suffix morpheme to an existing root morpheme) a syntactic process (changing the part of speech of a word, e.g. from verb to noun) and a semantic process (producing a new sense, agent, act, property).

Philosophical investigations on integrative complexity

Integrative complexity (IC) refers to a psychological construct, a measurement, and an experience. As a construct IC refers to our less than conscious thinking style in the face of difference or disagreement, how we process information, make decisions, solve problems. The cross-culturally validated empirical measurement frame of IC has predictive values. ’Low IC’ indicates a simple thinking style that is rigid and closed, a ’tunnel vision’ way of thinking that cannot respect or recognize different dimensions or perspectives on a topic, predicting destructive conflict or violence. An increasingly complex thinking style is able to ’see the big picture’, to differentiate and then integrate different dimensions and perspective on topics, linking them in some way, predicting more peaceful outcomes to conflict. As an experience, IC refers to less or more awareness of thoughts, emotion, and physical states in self and others related to IC management. The IC Thinking Research Group (University of Cambridge) pioneered the ’operationalization’ of the IC measure into an educational method, program and professional practices. The coding system i.e. empirical measurement frame, has been developed further to take elaborative aspects into account. The two components of complex thinking, differentiation and integration can each be broken down in two sub-components, elaborative and dialectical. In order to clarify the pros and cons of integrative complexity theory and its further developments in IC Thinking, it is useful to investigate its philosophical background. The theory and its applications are essentially dealing with language and the skill to use words or concepts. However it should be noted that besides the skills an essential part of the theory and its applications deals with our unconscious processes that are not explicitly controllable. An alternative for a philosophy of language behind the theory of integrative complexity is to consider an application of the use theory of meaning to explain its central components. Minimalist theory of fiction (MTF) was developed to explain the philosophical problems of fiction, but can also be applied to integrative complexity. Using words in different situations requires an ability to read contextual cues in order to follow the correct rules for the uses of words in particular contexts [1] . From these philosophical grounds, the theory of integrative complexity (IC) appears as a totality of the language games people are playing. One may be limited to one game, which means separating oneself from others, considering this game to be ultimately defining the correct uses of words. When one recognizes alternative games going on, it means reaching higher levels of IC. What is crucial is that this does not require a person to reject their core beliefs, since they may still be true. This approach challenges IC theory to improve its coding system but also offers possibilities for further developments and applications. [1] This ability, ’sensitivity to context’, is a key part of the IC management capacity. Article visualizations:

Apple v. Pepper: Rationalizing Antitrust's Indirect Purchaser Rule

In Apple v. Pepper the Supreme Court held that consumers who allegedly paid too much for apps sold on Apple’s iStore could sue Apple for antitrust damages because they were “direct purchasers.” The decision reflects some bizarre complexities that have resulted from the Supreme Court’s 1977 decision in Illinois Brick, which held that only direct purchasers could sue for overcharge injuries under the federal antitrust laws. The indirect purchaser rule was problematic from the beginning. First, it was plainly inconsistent with the antitrust damages statute, which gives an action to “any person who shall be injured in his business or property” by an antitrust violation. Second, the Court exaggerated the difficulty of “tracing” indirect purchaser damages. By using the most common “yardstick” methods of estimating damages, an expert can compute indirect purchaser damages by engaging in two relatively simple horizontal comparisons. Third, if we were going to give the overcharge to a single set of buyers it should be the end users, not the direct purchasers. End users bear most of the brunt of an unlawful overcharge. Further, they are the only persons in the distribution chain who are unable to pass anything on. In fact, intermediaries, including direct purchasers, typically are not injured by the “overcharge” at all. Their injury results from loss of sales volume that the cartel imposes. Thus the correct damages rule in indirect purchaser cases is lost profit damages for intermediaries, including the direct purchaser, and overcharge damages for the end user. The Supreme Court’s Daubert decision, which came fifteen years after Illinois Brick, should be the controlling mechanism for evaluating expert models rather than anything as blunt, categorical, and frankly wrong as the indirect purchaser rule. Daubert rulings, which are generally not subject to jury control, should provide judges with an adequate mechanism for ensuring that expert damages reports are based on reliable and relevant assumptions, methodologies, and data. Antitrust damage formulations, even for indirect purchasers, need be no more complex or speculative than damages for a large number of business violations, including such things as patent infringement and breach of contract. The Apple dissenters adopted a distinctively noneconomic approach that dispensed entirely with analysis of pass-on. They reasoned that only the direct purchaser had an injury that was “proximately caused” by the defendant’s antitrust violation. This view harkens back to a nineteenth century tort law concept that was widely used by courts to limit tort liability, particularly in railroad cases. Under this rule only a single entity could be said to have an injury that was proximately caused by the defendant’s conduct. That rule was properly abandoned in tort cases and should be laid to rest. It makes even less sense in antitrust cases. In an effort to identify some conception of “proximity” it typically awards damages to those who were injured the least, or in some cases not at all.

Pelatihan Pencegahan Dan Pertolongan Pertama Cedera Olahraga Bagi Pelatih PPLP Sumatera Barat

The risk of injury can occur in all types of sports and is often experienced by athletes. Sports Injury is an injury to the muscular and skeletal system caused by sports activities. First Aid is emergency assistance to accident victims (sick) quickly and precisely at the scene before being evacuated to an expert person. In general, the management of sports injuries uses the principle of RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) which is always applied at the beginning of the injury before further handling. Exercising excessively and ignoring the correct rules of exercise, even bring injury that endangers himself. This wrong activity is due to heating does not meet the requirements, excessive fatigue, especially in the muscles, and wrong in doing sports movements. The most common injury cases, usually too ambitious to complete training targets or want to improve the training phase. A good coach will always pay attention to the state of the athlete from all aspects, one of which is from the physical state of the athlete. This means that the trainer knows how to manage the athlete not to get injured, and if he has an injury quickly know how to help, especially for minor injuries. However, not all coaches understand how the injury and how it helps for athletes. That is why there is a need for training in sports injuries and how to help for coaches who are expected to be used by athletes.

The Effect of Strength Differential on Material Effort and Lifetime of Steam Turbine Rotors Under Thermo-Mechanical Load

The paper presents the results of experimental tests and numerical simulations related with the strength differential effect. Tensile and compression tests on 2CrMoV low-alloy steel are performed to evaluate the magnitude of the yield stress difference in tension and compression. The strength differential parameter is then used in the formula for equivalent stress proposed by Burzynski. The material effort calculated using Burzynski and Huber-Mises-Hencky hypotheses was compared for different start-stop cycles. Analytical notch stress-strain correction rules by Neuber and Glinka-Molski were applied to compute elastic-plastic strain amplitudes in rotor circumferential grooves. It was finally shown that the strength differential effect has significant influence on the predicted fatigue life under thermo-mechanical loading.

Pelatihan Penyusunan Program Latihan Bagi Penderita Hipertensi Dan Diabetes Di Puskesmas Lapai Kota Padang

The risk of injury can occur in all types of sports and is often experienced by athletes. Sports Injury is an injury to the muscular and skeletal system caused by sports activities. First Aid is emergency assistance to accident victims (sick) quickly and precisely at the scene before being evacuated to an expert person. In general, the management of sports injuries uses the principle of RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) which is always applied at the beginning of the injury before further handling. Exercising excessively and ignoring the correct rules of exercise, even bring injury that endangers himself. This wrong activity is due to heating does not meet the requirements, excessive fatigue, especially in the muscles, and wrong in doing sports movements. The most common injury cases, usually too ambitious to complete training targets or want to improve the training phase. A good coach will always pay attention to the state of the athlete from all aspects, one of which is from the physical state of the athlete. This means that the trainer knows how to manage the athlete not to get injured, and if he has an injury quickly know how to help, especially for minor injuries. However, not all coaches understand how the injury and how it helps for athletes. That is why there is a need for training in sports injuries and how to help for coaches who are expected to be used by athletes.

State‐of‐charge estimation of power lithium‐ion batteries based on an embedded micro control unit using a square root cubature Kalman filter at various ambient temperatures

The development of a novel method to estimate the state of charge (SOC) with low read-only memory (ROM) occupancy, high stability, and high anti-interference capability is very important for the battery management system (BMS) in actual electric vehicles. This paper proposes the square root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) with a temperature correction rule, based on the BMS of a common on-board embedded micro control unit (MCU), to achieve smooth estimation of SOC. The temperature correction rule is able to reduce the testing effort and ROM space used for data table storage (189.3 kilobytes is much smaller than the storage of the MPC5604B, with 1000 kilobytes), while the SRCKF is adopted to achieve highly robust real-time SOC estimation with high resistance to interference and moderate computing cost (68.3% of the load rate of the MPC5604B). The results of multiple experiments show that the proposed method with less computational complexity converges rapidly (in approximately 2.5 s) and estimates the SOC of the battery accurately under dynamic temperature condition. Moreover, the SRCKF algorithm is not sensitive to the high measuring interference and highly nonlinear working conditions (even with 1% current and voltage measurement disturbances, the root mean square error of the proposed method can be as high as 0.679%).

Automated feedback generation for formal manufacturing rule extraction

AbstractManufacturing knowledge is maintained primarily in the unstructured text in industry. To facilitate the reuse of the knowledge, previous efforts have utilized Natural Language Processing (NLP) to classify manufacturing documents or to extract structured knowledge (e.g. ontology) from manufacturing text. On the other hand, extracting more complex knowledge, such as manufacturing rule, has not been feasible in a practical scenario, as standard NLP techniques cannot address the input text that needs validation. Specifically, if the input text contains the information irrelevant to the rule-definition or semantically invalid expression, standard NLP techniques cannot selectively derive precise information for the extraction of the desired formal manufacturing rule. To address the gap, we developed the feedback generation method based on Constraint-based Modeling (CBM) coupled with NLP and domain ontology, designed to support formal manufacturing rule extraction. Specifically, the developed method identifies the necessity of input text validation based on the predefined constraints and provides the relevant feedback to help the user modify the input text, so that the desired rule can be extracted. We proved the feasibility of the method by extending the previously implemented formal rule extraction framework. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by enabling the extraction of correct manufacturing rules from all the cases that need input text validation, about 30% of the dataset, after modifying the input text based on the feedback. We expect the feedback generation method will contribute to the adoption of semantics-based technology in the manufacturing field, by facilitating precise knowledge acquisition from manufacturing-related documents in a practical scenario.

Efficiency versus Fairness in the Management of Public Housing Assets in Palermo (Italy)

Public housing policy has been proposing plans of public housing (PH) stock alienation or, as an alternative, property enhancement plans, since administrative and financial commitments have become too heavy for municipalities. This paper deals with one of the current public housing management policy initiatives, undertaken by the Municipality of Palermo (Italy), which aimed at transferring a significant part of the public housing asset to the current tenants, according to some terms and conditions, and applying a politically fixed price. This policy is described in general, focusing on the amount of the assets involved, reporting the terms and conditions for transferring them at an affordable price, and analysing their concentration/distribution in the urban areas. The main aim of the paper is to provide a valuation pattern for defining the trade-off between the efficiency and fairness of such a tool, recognising the conditions for the consistency between the transfer price established by municipality, the merit of the public housing asset, and the market value. A detailed study on two representative neighbourhoods was carried out in order to measure the value of solidarity of this policy and to propose some corrective rules.

Municipal Landfill Leachate Real-time Processing Measurement and Control Method

Landfill leachate is one of the main sources of stench in refuse transfer stations, and it is also one of the main pollution sources in municipal waste water pipe network. This paper designs an automatic treatment and process control system for landfill leachate based on plasma to realize real-time monitoring and automatic control of multiple parameters in the process of landfill leachate treatment. The whole system is divided into two parts: on-site control and remote control. remote control: single-chip microcomputer collects signals of each sensor, communicates with wifi module through serial port, and PC logs into internet of things cloud platform to realize real-time monitoring. The single-chip microcomputer remotely controls the external execution module through the wifi module. Field control: taking the data detected by turbidity and dissolved oxygen sensors as input of fuzzy control, establishing a correct fuzzy rule base and obtaining a fuzzy output set; IO port communication is carried out between PLC and single-chip microcomputer to read the result of fuzzy control operation of single-chip microcomputer and intelligently control the external executing mechanism. Finally realize the function of man-machine interaction.

Automatic sorting system for industrial robot with 3D visual perception and natural language interaction

With the development of the technologies such as computer vision, natural language interaction, process control technology, and sensor technology, the discussion of automatic sorting system of robot hits a hotspot in the robot community. This paper presents an automatic sorting system for industrial robot with the technologies of 3D visual perception, natural language interaction and automatic programming. Therein, a ‘rule-scene’ matching and interaction algorithm is proposed to combine all these modules together. By utilising our algorithm, robot can interact with human beings according to the real-time actual three-dimensional scene information and can guide users to give correct rules through speech when the rule is invalid. After getting the correct rules, robot can sort the object automatically using the automatic programming and execution algorithm designed in this study. In the experimental section, the designed system is applied to a fruit-sorting scene, which proves the effectiveness and practicability of the system.

Study of pedestrian flow on stairs with a cellular transmission model

The aim of this study is to address the following issues: 1) revealing the typical behaviors and properties of pedestrian movement when going upstairs and downstairs; 2) constructing a pedestrian evacuation model to formulate the walking process of pedestrians in stair area; 3) verifying that the cell transmission model widely used in the two-dimensional walking space can also be applied to the three-dimensional staircase area. Firstly, an observation experiment is carried out to gain the pedestrian movement data in the process of going upstairs and downstairs. By collating the data, the relation between density and flow in the unidirectional process of going upstairs or going downstairs, and in the bi-directional process of going upstairs and downstairs, are drawn respectively. Then, by analyzing the fundamental diagrams, several characteristics of pedestrian movement in stair area are revealed. Based on these characteristics, an extended cell transmission model is proposed. In this model, a potential correction coefficient is introduced to change the route choice of pedestrians by using the influence of different directional pedestrians on the potential; a flow modification coefficient is introduced to describe the effect of physical parameters on the maximum flow at the boundary between two neighboring cells; and an offset coefficient is introduced to correct movement rules and strengthen the influence of preferential direction on pedestrian route choice. Further, simulations relied on the proposed model are conducted. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental data, the model is calibrated. Then the calibrated model is employed to formulate the pedestrian movement in stair area, and the sensitivity of the potential correction parameter is also discussed. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model can successfully reproduce the movement of pedestrians on stair. Moreover, the route-choice behaviors of pedestrians can be directed by varying the values of the potential correction coefficient, which can present important information about optimizing the evacuation process of pedestrians on stair, thereby reducing the risk of an accident, such as congesting and treading.

An Activity to Promote Recognition of Unintentional Plagiarism in Scientific Writing in Undergraduate Biology Courses.

Unintentional plagiarism frequently occurs in undergraduate writing assignments because students are unaware of the complexity of correct paraphrasing and citation rules. There is often a lack of formal instruction in science courses on proper paraphrasing and citation to reduce plagiarism. To address this deficit, we developed a brief activity to teach students to recognize the range of paraphrasing and citation errors that can result in plagiarism. The activity was used in a biology-focused scientific literacy course, but it can be incorporated into different instructional settings, with undergraduate students of all levels. During this classroom activity, part 1 addresses the nuances associated with proper paraphrasing and citation in scientific writing and part 2 asks students to practice paraphrasing and properly citing a passage from a scientific source. Pretest results revealed that students were proficient at identifying plagiarism when a citation error occurred but were less proficient at recognizing improper paraphrasing (patchwriting or direct plagiarism). Posttest results indicated that the activity was effective at increasing the students’ ability to recognize a paraphrasing error even when a correct citation was present. Students also reported higher confidence in their understanding of what constitutes plagiarism and that they are more confident in their ability to properly paraphrase and cite scientific source content.

Optimal Binning for Genomics

Genome sequencing is expected to be the most prolific source of big data in the next decade; millions of whole genome datasets will open new opportunities for biological research and personalized medicine. Genome sequences are abstracted in the form of interesting regions, describing abnormalities of the genome. The parallel execution on the cloud of complex operations for joining and mapping billions of genomic regions is increasingly important. Genome binning, i.e., partitioning of the genome into small-size segments, adapts classic data partitioning methods to genomics; region distributions to bins must reflect operation-specific correctness rules. As a consequence, determining the optimal bin size for such operations is a complex mathematical problem, whose solution requires careful modeling. The main result of this paper is the mathematical formulation and solution of the optimal binning problem for join and map operations in the context of GMQL, a query language over genomic regions; the model is validated by experiments showing its accuracy and sensitivity to the variation of operations’ parameters. We also optimize sequences of operations by inheriting the binning between two consecutive operations and we show the deployment of GMQL and the tuning of the proposed model on different cloud computing systems.

A reversible database watermarking method with low distortion

In this paper, a low distortion reversible database watermarking method based on histogram gap is proposed in view of the large gap in histogram of database integer data. By using the method, the tolerance of the attribute column containing all integer data is firstly calculated and the prediction error is obtained according to the tolerance. Then according to the watermark bits to be embedded, the database tuples will be randomly grouped and the histogram can be constructed by using the prediction error. Finally, the histogram correction rule is used to find the histogram peak bin, the number of consecutive non-zero prediction errors on the left and right sides of the peak is obtained, and the histogram shift is performed on the side with a smaller number of non-zero prediction errors, and then the watermark embedding will be realized. The results of the experiments based on the published dataset of FCTD (Forest Cover Type Dataset) show that compared with the existing GAHSW which also considers distortion, the proposed method significantly reduces the number of histogram column shift while embedding the watermarks, greatly reduces the changes to the carrier data, and effectively reduces the database's data distortion caused by watermark embedding.