Correct Rules Research Articles

Subtle pulmonary interstitial emphysema in attempted suicide by ingestion of a cleaning product: Computed Tomography features

AbstractPulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a rare condition most commonly encountered in mechanically ventilated patients, either infants or adults. This condition can also be diagnosed in blunt chest trauma or other conditions while performing Valsalva-like maneuvers and is often associated with pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. We present the case of a patient with subtle PIE, subcutaneous emphysema and massive pneumomediastinum after protracted vomiting following a suicidal attempt by caustic ingestion. Radiologists should be aware of the potentially subtle Computed Tomography features of PIE in order to make the correct diagnosis and rule out other tracheobronchial and esophageal injuries.

Застосування фіскальних правил у період подолання наслідків війни

Introduction. During the period of overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the risks of compliance with fiscal rules have intensified. Fiscal policy restrictions imposed by them restrained the active budget expansion necessary to increase spending and attract resources to finance adopted state programs. The task of revising the application of fiscal rules, determining rational levels of state budget financing, and preventing critical levels of the state debt from exceeding has arisen. Problem Statement. The negative effects of the pandemic and the war required a sharp increase in public expenditures, adjustments to their structure, and an increase in financial resources to cover them. Compliance with the requirements stipulated by the fiscal rules in force at that time did not allow to go beyond the accepted limits (regarding the maintenance of the indicators of the budget deficit and state debt). There was a need to make changes to the implementation of the budget policy to take into account the restrictions imposed by the fiscal rules. The purpose is to assess the application of fiscal rules in the period of overcoming the consequences of the war, as well as their adjustment in the aspect of reform programs in the EU. Methods. Conceptual approaches to complying with fiscal rules during the war and overcoming its consequences are defined. The issue of methodical provision of fiscal rules, application of mechanisms and budgetary procedures with the aim of their implementation in the practice of state administration is revealed. Results. In Ukraine, the introduction of fiscal rules into the practice of public finance management is in the initial stages. Unlike the EU, they contain only digital limits of budget aggregates, but do not provide for the use of mechanisms for maintaining fiscal stability and debt sustainability. It is also not provided for the application of the necessary budgetary procedures directing the state administration bodies to comply with these rules. During the period of overcoming the consequences of the pandemic and the war, fiscal rules began to restrain the implementation of an active expansionary policy, and therefore their effect was suspended. The recovery of Ukraine involves a review of the use of fiscal rules, taking into account the experience of their reform in the EU. Conclusions. The application of fiscal rules in Ukraine requires significant changes for their application in the practice of budget management, which take into account the results of their use in the EU member states, as well as the features of the economic and social development of our country. Such changes include: the adoption of real medium-term budget goals, the use of preventive mechanisms aimed at developing the state budget taking into account updated approaches, the adjustment of budget operations (in cases of deviations from the accepted requirements), the use of budget procedures that direct the government to comply with fiscal rules for the early correction of such deviations, deepening the transparency of budget operations, strengthening monitoring and evaluation of the use of budget rules by the parliament and specially created independent fiscal institutions.

تنفيذ تعليم مهارة الكلام في المعاهد الإسلامية بربولينجو (دراسة المقارنة بين معهد نور الجديد ومعهد المصدوقية بربولينجو)

Speaking skills are considered to be one of the most important language skills in learning Arabic, especially for Arabic learners. Because speaking is the goal of Arabic learning, either second language or foreign language. In this study, the researcher found several features in learning speaking skills in Nurul Jadid and Al-Masduqiyyah Islamic boarding schools i.e students often get achievements in the field of speaking skills such as be the champion of the scientific debate in Arabic, Arabic speech contest, Arabic story telling contest, Arabic poetry contest, and Arabic olympics. There is a language environment that strongly supports learning Arabic skills. Therefore, the researcher is interested in doing this study.The purpose of this study are: 1) To find out the implementation of learning speaking skills in the probolinggo Islamic boarding schools. 2) To find out the advantages and disadvantages of learning language skills.In this study the researcher used qualitative descriptive methods. The retrieval of data used by the researcher are interviews, observation and documentation.The resuls of this sudy are : 1). The purpose of learning Arabic skills in Nurul Jadid and Al-Masduqiyyah Islamic boarding schools are the same that is to train students to fluently speak Arabic ell according to thr correct rules. 2). The Arabic language learning material in Nurul Jadid Islamic boarding school are : Vocabularies, conversation, Arabic scientific debate, Arabic specch, story telling, reading news and grammar. The Arabic language learning material in Al-Masduqiyyah are : Vocablaries, conversation, muhadharah, mutholaah, and grammar. 3). The learning methods of Arabic language skills in Nurul Jadid and Al-Masduqiyyah Islamic boarding schools are the memorization method, the direct method and samiyyah syafahiyyah method. 4). The learning media in learning Arabic skills in Nurul Jadid Islamic boarding school are Muhawaroh Al Haditsah book, Jurumiyyah book, Imrithi book, Alfiyah book, Amsilatu Tasrifiyyah book, white board, and LCD projector. Meanwhile, the learning media in learning Arabic skills in Al-Masduqiyyah Islamic boarding school are Jami’ul Mufrodat book, Nahwu Wadhih book, Amsilatu tasrifiyyah book, white board and LCD projector. 5). The learning evaluation in learning Arabic skills in Nurul Jadid and Al-Masduqiyyah Islamic boarding schools are weekly evaluation, formative evaluation and summative evaluation.

REVITALISASI AKSARA JAWA MELALUI GAMAN RAJA

Early introduction through activities to color Javanese script and habituation to writing Javanese script according to the correct flow and technique is a real action to revitalize Javanese script. Javanese script is an Indonesian script and one of the elements in regional languages. Preserving Javanese script means caring for Javanese cultural assets that encourage the creation of various forms of expression to enrich the culture of the Indonesian nation. The development of Javanese script teaching materials is a form of revitalizing regional languages and advancing cultural objects in the language sector. Gladhi Maca and Nulis Aksara Jawa (Gaman Raja) is the development of teaching materials for reading and writing Javanese script, especially for students at the elementary school (SD) level. Gaman Raja consists of two volumes, namely Volume 1 Reading and Coloring Javanese Script and Volume 2 Reading and Writing the Beginning of Javanese Script. Gaman Raja volume 1 aims to introduce the forms of Javanese script through the activity of coloring pictures of Javanese script. The benefits can be as a means of recreation and training fine motor skills. Gaman Raja Volume 2 aims to practice writing Javanese script according to the correct rules. Media Gaman Raja is included in the very feasible category based on media assessment results, namely 85% from media expert validator I and 90% from media expert validator II. The Gaman Raja material is included in the very appropriate category based on the material assessment results, namely 87% from material expert validators I and 93% from material expert validators II. The results of students' responses to Gaman Raja were very good, namely the material aspect was 89%, the language aspect was 87%, the presentation aspect was 91%, and the graphic aspect was 97%.

Knowledge and attitudes of German and Swiss community pharmacists towards biologicals and biosimilars – a prospective survey before and after the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundKnowledge, attitudes and substitution laws of biosimilars are not consistent across countries. Biosimilar acceptance among patients and healthcare professionals may be suffering from gaps in knowledge and understanding about biosimilars and their regulatory approval process. Pharmacists' roles and responsibilities changed considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, they might have gained new skills and self-confidence in counseling and substitution of biosimilars.AimsTo examine and compare the knowledge, perceptions and information needs of German and Swiss pharmacists regarding original biologicals and biosimilars in 2020 and 2022.MethodsWe conducted an online survey among Swiss and German community pharmacies in February 2020 (before) and August 2022 (after the COVID-19 pandemic). Descriptive statistics were calculated and the Chi-Square test was used for comparisons among categorical variables.ResultsA total of 764 pharmacists took part in the survey (390 in 2020 and 374 in 2022) with comparable demographics. The frequency of dispensing biologicals remained similar between German and Swiss pharmacists in 2020 and 2022, but the Swiss dispensation of biosimilars increased significantly in 2022 compared to 2020. Concerning the understanding of the term biosimilars, knowledge remained moderate in both countries in both years. Participants were equally familiar with the term and most felt sufficiently informed. In both countries, substitution with a biosimilar showed the least confidence of all attitudes. A third of the participants indicated correct substitution rules in their country. In both years, around 85% of the participants were highly interested in additional training on this topic.Discussion/ConclusionThe results indicate that similarities and differences between Germany and Switzerland regarding knowledge and attitudes towards biologicals and biosimilars remained unchanged before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. An influence of the pandemic is unlikely. There is still a clear lack of knowledge among community pharmacists on biosimilars, especially regarding the substitution rules. Due to a rising market with many benefits but also big challenges to overcome, the topic of biosimilars should receive more attention in the future. This requires additional training for pharmacists.

Upaya Pendampingan Intensif untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Sesuai Kaidah Bahasa Arab yang Benar di Asrama Darullughah Al Arabiyyah

The community service (PkM) that will be carried out will be organized in groups involving several lecturers according to their fields. The target of this program is to provide intensive assistance to improve writing skills according to good and correct Arabic language rules at the Darullughah Al Arabiyyah dormitory and apply it in the simplest form of writing media, namely wall magazines. The objectives of this community service mentoring (PkM) include: (a) Providing Arabic writing training to the mentors in accordance with correct lughawiyah rules (b) Carrying out special mentoring, especially in mastering Arabic writing skills according to correct lughawiyah rules (c ) Increasing the learning motivation of female students to deepen their Arabic writing skills according to correct lughawiyah rules (d) Providing guidance on creating wall magazine concepts at the Darussalam Islamic boarding school using Arabic as well as creating the content. The method uses the ABCD method using a genre process approach in learning writing which is a combination of the process approach and the genre approach. Through the Writing Skills Mentoring activities with an Intensive Program at the Darussalam Islamic Boarding School Blokagung Banyuwangi, changes can be seen that have occurred among the Darullughah al Arabiyyah female students, including: (a) Increasing the quality of the female students' writing (b) Increasing the motivation of the female students to learn Arabic writing (c) Increasing the confidence of the students at the Darullughah Al Arabiyyah dormitory to write Arabic writing in various genres of writing. From the assistance program which was carried out for approximately 3 months from January to March 2023, the assistants can conclude that an intensive Arabic writing assistance program is something that must be implemented, considering that a fun writing program will make students more productive in terms of language.

Penguatan Kapasitas Santri dalam Memahami Al-Qur’an dengan Terapan Jumlah Syarthiyyah di Pondok Pesantren Roudlatut Tholibin Metro Lampung

Assistance in understanding the Koran is an essential activity. This program is one of the instructions for achieving services, namely training in studying the Al-Qur'an through the application of Total Syarthiyyah. This article supports strengthening the capacity of students in understanding the Al-Qur'an which has been implemented at the Roudlotul Thalibin Islamic boarding school in Metro Lampung. The method used in mentoring is Service Learning (SL) as a medium for integrating voluntary community service with active reflection which is expected to enrich and strengthen the material that will be delivered using the use of existing assets and potential. Data collection uses interviews, observation and documentation. The sample was taken from 35 students. The results show that the capacity of students to understand the Al-Qur'an with the application of Total Syarthiyyah can be understood. The researcher's findings are that there are still many students who cannot understand the Al-Qur'an which is based on correct Arabic language rules. Next, the researchers will provide solutions for people who want to understand the Qur'an by applying Total Syarthiyyah
 Keywords: Strengthening the Capacity of Santri, Understanding the Qur'an, Syarthiyyah

تعليم علم المقامات في إندونيسيا : دراسة ميدانية في معهد بيت القراء بجاكرتا

The Quran is a great miracle that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, to the point that every letter in the Quran is rewarded for reciting Muslims who believe in it. Reading using the art of melody belongs to a branch of the sciences of the Quran that cannot be separated. When reading the Quran, this art has had a profound impact on the hearts of the nation if it is read with good and correct rules. The art of reciting the Quran existed in the time of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of God be upon him, and now it has spread throughout the world. There are different names for the art of reciting the Quran, including the science of Quranic maqamat. This science - the science of Quranic maqamat - is also well-known and famous in Indonesia, and there are many Islamic institutes that make the science of maqamat their main curriculum, including the Bait al-Qurra’ Institute in Jakarta. As for the method of teaching the science of the Qur’an, it is diverse and evolves with time until knowing the Qur’an’s positions has become easier for everyone to learn. This research follows the qualitative analytical method by collecting data through personal interviews and referring to original and secondary sources. One of the results of the research is knowledge of the history of Quranic maqam science in the Malay Archipelago, especially Indonesia. Then the readers must not deviate from the rules of intonation and the exits of the letters. Therefore, it is important for readers to improve the rules of tajweed before learning the science of Quranic maqamat.

Creating Animations with Powerpoint for Kindergarten Teachers in Dumoga Central District and Bolaang Mongondow District

The ability of kindergarten teachers to create animations is still far from "can," and they only create animations to meet specific requirements or tasks. In fact, compiling animations that were thought to be simple was not as simple as one might think. Creating animation appears to be the same as creating teaching materials in general. In fact, if the animation is organized according to the correct rules and regulations, compiling the animation becomes the most "difficult" research to complete. This is demonstrated by the situation of teachers who have been unable to correctly arrange animations. The community service program, which takes the form of learning media development training for kindergarten teachers in the Dumoga Tengah district, is expected to increase knowledge, skills, and confidence in their profession. Later on, teachers will be more motivated to develop themselves. The outcomes of this training will benefit schools by making the teaching and learning process more interesting by utilizing a wider range of learning media. Furthermore, the availability of training in the development of learning media will improve teachers' abilities to prepare their learning tools. Keywords: creating animation, PowerPoint

Why fractions are difficult? Modeling optimal and sub-optimal integration strategies of numerators and denominators by educated adults

Many children and educated adults experience difficulties in understanding and manipulating fractions. In this study, we argue that a major cause of this challenge is rooted in the need to integrate information from two separate informational sources (i.e., denominator and numerator) according to a normative arithmetic rule (i.e., division). We contend that in some tasks, the correct arithmetic rule is replaced by an inadequate (sub-optimal) operation (e.g., multiplication), which leads to inaccurate representation of fractions. We tested this conjecture by applying two rigorous models of information integration : (a) functional measurement (Experiments 1-3) and (b) conjoint measurement (Experiment 4-5) to data from number-to-line and comparative judgment tasks. These allowed us to compare participants’ integration strategies with that of an ideal-observer model. Functional measurement analyses on data from the number-to-line task, revealed that participants could represent the global magnitude of proper and improper fractions quite accurately and combine the fractions’ components according to an ideal-observer model. However, conjoint measurement analyses on data from the comparative judgment task, showed that most participants combined these fractions’ components according to a sub-optimal (saturated) observer model, that is inconsistent with an ideal-observer (additive) model. These results support the view that educated adults are capable of extracting multiple types of representations of fractions depending on the task at-hand. These representations can be either accurate and conform with normative arithmetic or approximated and inconsistent with normative arithmetic. The latter may lead to the observed difficulties people experience with fractions.

Alluring Indonesian Culinary to Enhance Acquisition and Speaking Compentence of BIPA Leaners at UNS Solo

The aim the research was to describe the acquisition of words and the use of various conversational languages used by international students either in a classroom or in extra-curricular activities outside the classroom. Conversations and introductions to Indonesian culinary food were the hallmarks of teaching Indonesian to foreigners at Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret, Solo. The rich traditions of Indonesian society were very attractive to foreign people. The Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) learners arrived from different countries, such as Nigeria, Afghanistan, Palestine, Uzbekistan, and several other students from Arab nations. The research applied a qualitative descriptive research using case study method. Data were obtained from the observation of participants and nonparticipants, both activities inside and outside the classroom. The research reveals that the use of basic words, formed words, abbreviated words, and words or phrases of various slang is found. In various conversations, many words and phrases with a foreign language structure and the use of non-standard languages that do not correspond to the correct rules of Indonesian grammar are used. They have a tendency to use their mother tongue's pronunciation when expressing difficult words. Language acquisition at this stage can be an initial strategy for BIPA learners to be able to fight and survive in a native-speaking society.

Quantitative analysis of the relationship between the male body shape and block pattern based on the three-dimensional human model

As consumers increasingly demand more diversified and personalized clothing options, personalized customization has become a hot topic in the garment industry. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the male body shape and block pattern by flattening the prototype surface and conducting quantitative analysis. The study established a three-dimensional box prototype wire frame model on a human body model to obtain the prototype’s characteristic size automatically. This enabled the creation of two-dimensional personalized prototypes using surface flattening and the geometric expansion principle. The study also summarized a prototype pattern correction rule by establishing a regression relationship among the human characteristic parameters and the size of the prototype site and the coordinates of the shoulder and back control points. Finally, the correction rule was validated through virtual fitting of a special body model. The result shows that the prototype generated using the flattening method presented in this paper has a high fitness degree and short time consumption and the correction rules can effectively improve the problems of prototype misfit, which can provide an idea and data reference for clothing personalized customization.

Analysis of Errors in Using Words and Punctuation on Housing Advertising Banners in Jatiasih District, Bekasi City and Their Implications for Indonesian Language Learning

This study aims to analyze the errors in the use of words and punctuation on housing advertisement banners. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe the forms of word errors and punctuation on housing advertisement banners. This type of research is qualitative research which describes the data using a series of sentences. The method in this study is a qualitative method based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used to research on natural object conditions, (as opposed to experiments) where the researcher is the key instrument. Data collection techniques are carried out triangulation (combined), data analysis is inductive/qualitative, and the results of qualitative research emphasize eating more than generalization. The research technique used is to describe and understand the existence of errors in the use of words and punctuation on housing advertisement banners. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the form of errors in the use of the word aspects of accuracy, and aspects of conformity was found. Errors in the use of punctuation consisting of: (1) errors in the use of punctuation marks (.), (2) errors in the use of punctuation marks (,), (3) errors in the use of punctuation marks (-), (4) errors in the use of punctuation marks punctuation (-), (5) errors in the use of exclamation marks (!), (6) errors in the use of quotation marks (“…”), (7) errors in the use of single quotation marks ('...') , and (8) errors in using slash punctuation (/). In writing one must understand the rules of writing, one of which is the use of standard words and the use of PUEBI, so that writing complies with good and correct rules in the use of capital letters, punctuation marks , and word writing

Improving the Ability to Read and Write Al-Qur’an Using the Iqra Method

Background. This article aims to discuss the ability to read and write the Qur'an in grade 5 SDIT Kharisma Darussalam. Purpose. this research uses a descriptive correlational analysis research method namely research conducted to obtain a description of a reality. Method. The results of this study state that reading the Qur'an must be in accordance with good and correct rules by continuing to be trained by reading and writing. Results. In learning the Qur'an, it is necessary to know the hijaiyah letters and also how to write them as in the iqra method from hijaiyah letters to short verses in the Qur'an. Conclusion. Because understanding reading and writing the Qur'an is important for every Muslim as a guide in his life.

Taṭbīq al-Manhaj al-Qā’im litarqiyyah Mahārah al-Kalām liṭalabah al-Ma’had

The purpose of this research is (1) to describe the application of the Islamic Teachers College curriculum in improving the speaking skills of first-year experimental students at the Darul Fikri Islamic Boarding School. (2) describe the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the Islamic Teachers' College curriculum to improve first-year experimental students' speaking skills at the Darul Fikri Islamic Boarding School, Ponorogo. (3) describe the effect of implementing the Islamic Teachers College curriculum in improving the speaking skills of first-year experimental students at the Darul Fikri Islamic Boarding School, Ponorogo. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of the research show (1) The application of the Islamic Teachers College curriculum in improving students' speaking skills at the Darul Fikri Islamic Boarding School Ponorogo is very useful, especially for learning processes that use Arabic in directing and teaching Arabic language lessons according to Arabic language rules to improve class students' speaking skills. one Experimental. (2) Supporting and inhibiting factors: Supporting factors: The teacher's ability to teach is very important, and the learning methods used at the Darul Fikri Islamic Boarding School, Ponorogo, can support the process of implementing the Islamic Teachers College curriculum in improving speaking skills. Skills of first-year experimental students. According to the background, the inhibiting factors are. The ability of students who do not graduate from the Islamic Institute to receive Arabic language lessons and the ability of students who have difficulty accepting the subjects taught. (3) The effect of implementing the Islamic Teachers College curriculum is that students can use Arabic in communicating within the Islamic Institute, both actively and passively, per the correct Arabic language rules.

Ta’tsir Istikhdaami Lu’bah Al-Lughowiyyah “ Hal Ta’rifu As-Sabab” ‘Ala Maharati Al-Kalam Bi Madrasati Ulun Nuha

Speaking skill is one of the most important skills in learning Arabic, and it is a form of language activity. It has been known in one of the schools, the students have problems speaking Arabic. from here, the author wants to make students have an interest and enthusiasm in speaking Arabic with the correct rules by using language games. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether there is an effect of using language games, “do you know why?” for learning to speak at Ulun Nuha School. and the purpose of this research is to find out the effect of the game “do you know why?” on learning to speak at ulun nuha school. The research is a quantitative method designed only control design for the true experimental post test only design. Techniques of analyzing research data using quantitative data with the product moment formula and test-t formula. And the results of this study using the t-test formula is to 2.259 greater than tt which is 2.003. The reciprocal hypotesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypotesis (H0) is rejected. Conclusion is that there is an effect of using the game "do you know why?" on speaking ability.Keywords: Learning Arabic Language, Speaking Skills, Game "do you know why?"

ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENULISAN HURUF KAPITAL DAN PENGGUNAAN TANDA BACA PADA KARANGAN DESKRIPSI

The problem in this study is that composing is often described as an activity that has not taken place as expected. Not a few students often experience difficulties in dealing with writing descriptions. Writing is expressing thoughts through writing. Errors in writing capital letters and using inappropriate punctuation often occur in student writing. Data collection activities in this study used observation techniques (observing) with note-taking techniques. The data collection method used in this research is documentation. Teacher and student interview data techniques. Test technique. Data analysis techniques use the Miles and Huberman concepts which include (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation (4) conclusions. In this study, the data was in written form, in the form of errors in capital letters, punctuation and descriptive essays. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were errors in the use of capital letters (A), full stop punctuation (.), (2) errors in the use of comma punctuation (,). In writing, one must understand the rules of writing, one of which is standard writing and the use of PUEBI, so that writing is in accordance with good and correct rules in writing capital letters, punctuation.

Between Shifting and Feedback Processing in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Children with Developmental Language Disorder.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) demonstrate deficits in executive functioning; however, the specific components of executive functioning that are affected in this population are not well understood. This study evaluated set shifting and feedback processing in a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performed by 24 children with and without DLD. The behavioral results revealed poorer performance by the DLD group in measures of accuracy, proportion of correct rule shifts, perseverative errors on shift trials, and proportion of effective responses to feedback. Electrophysiological measures (event-related potentials, or ERPs) indicated different patterns of response to negative feedback that signaled the need for rule shifting, with the DLD group showing a trend toward processing shift cues as negative feedback. Group differences were found in the processing of the first and last positive feedback, with overall stronger responses to positive feedback by children with DLD. However, both groups showed a similar pattern of diminished attention to positive feedback when rule learning was established. Taken together, children with DLD demonstrated the inefficient processing of negative feedback in the context of rule-shifting and difficulty in establishing and maintaining a rule.

تطبيق وسيلة خرائط المفاهيم لترقية قدرة الطلبة على فهم القواعد العربية

As we know that Qawaid Arabic (rules - rules of Arabic) is one of the important elements of Arabic, where by learning Qawaid students are able to express sentences with correct rules and can avoid mistakes both in pronunciation and writing. Every learning requires the right learning media for the success of learning. IT Zurriyatul Qur'ani Al Ma'arif Middle School is one of the schools that requires students to learn the rules of Arabic, nahwu and sharaf. However, grade 2 students at SMP IT Zurriyatul Qur'ani Al Ma'arif do not understand the rules of Arabic in learning nashab letters properly and correctly. To overcome this problem, the researcher wants to apply Concept Map Media to learning the letters of nashab fi'il mudhari'. The purpose of this research is to find out the activities of teachers and students when the Qawaid Arabic (nashab) learning process takes place, and to find out the extent to which students understand the letters of nashab fi'il mudhari' after applying Concept Map Media. This research is an experimental research with the One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. For data collection, researchers used direct observation sheets and tests before the experiment and tests after. The total population in this study was around 38 students at SMP IT Zurriyatul Qur'ani Al Ma'arif, and 13 students at grade 2 at SMP IT as the sample in this study. The research results were obtained on the teacher and student observation sheets when the qawaid learning process was taking place, obtaining very good scores, as stated on the teacher and student observation sheets ranging from 81 to 100%. The pre-test and post-test results obtained a significance level (2-tailed) .000 <0.05 after the T test using "SPSS22". This shows that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) can be accepted and the hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This proves that the application of concept map media can improve students' ability to understand Qawaid Arabic.

Analisis Kelayakan Isi dan Bahasa pada Buku Teks Bahasa Sunda Gapura Basa Kelas VII SMP

The feasibility of the content and language of the Sundanese language textbook must be in accordance with the applicable curriculum, besides the content itself must be related with the core competencies of the learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of content and appropriateness of the language in 2017 revised edition of Sundanese Gapura Basa textbook for SMP class VII. The research method used a qualitative method. The data in the form of words and sentences. The results showed that the appropriateness of the content and language of the Sundanese Gapura Basa textbook for class VII SMP was in accordance with the instruments set by the BSNP which included the suitability of the material and the curriculum and the applicable basic competencies, the accuracy of the material in the book, and supporting material used. The feasibility of the language includes communication, straightforwardness, coherence, conformity with the correct Sundanese language rules and the use of terms, pictures, or symbols according to the development of students. The results of the research also show that the Sundanese language textbook Gapura Basa SMP grade VII revised 2017 edition is feasible to use. by educators in the teaching and learning process.