Correct Response Rate Research Articles

Assessment of the knowledge and practices of holy mosque visitors toward coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Background: Since millions of Muslims visit the Holy Mosque in Makkah, it is essential to highlight that such mass gatherings carry a risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. In this study, we assessed the level of knowledge and practices among visitors to the Holy Mosque related to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Holy Mosque visitors was conducted in Makkah from January 19, to February 9, 2020, using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Knowledge and practices scores were compared and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between variables. Results: A total of 451 participants were interviewed, while 413 completed the questionnaire and were eligible for inclusion. The range of correct answer rate was 13.1%–93.5%. The mean knowledge score was 11.3 with a 64.9% correct response rate, while the mean practices score was 2.92 with a 73.2% correct response rate. The knowledge score was significantly different among nationalities and education levels (P < 0.05). A higher level of education was associated with better knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio 1.18, P = 0.028). Conclusions: Most of the visitors to the Holy Mosque had an appropriate level of knowledge and practices related to SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, there is room for improvement in some areas.

Benefits of an education program and a clinical algorithm in mixed nutritional support to improve nutrition for the critically ill patient: a before-and-after study

Introduction: optimal nutrition in the critically ill patient is a key aspect for recovery. Objectives: to promote training in and knowledge of mixed nutrition support (MNS) by means of a clinical algorithm among intensivists for improving the nutritional status of critically ill patients. Methods: a before-and-after study with the participation of 19 polyvalent intensive care units (ICUs) in 10 autonomous communities. Five members of the scientific committee trained the trainers by means of oral presentations and a clinical algorithm on MNS. Then, trainers were responsible for explaining the algorithm to local intensivists in their ICUs. The 30-item study questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention by 179 and 105 intensivists, respectively. Results: a clear improvement of knowledge was found in six (20 %) specific MNS-related questions. In 11 items (36.6 %), adequate knowledge on different aspects of nutritional support that were already present before the intervention were maintained, and in five items (16.7 %) an improvement in the rate of correct responses was recorded. There were no improvements in correct responses for four items (13.3 %), and for four (13.3 %) additional items the percentage of correct responses decreased. Conclusions: the use of the MNS algorithm has achieved a solid consolidation of the main concepts of MNS. Some aspects regarding how to manage the malnourished patient, how to identify them and what type of nutrition to guide from the beginning of admission to the ICU, nutritional contributions in special situations, and the monitoring of possible complications such as refeeding are areas for which further training strategies are needed.

Public Awareness of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology in Saudi Arabia

Background and Aim: There is a literature gap addressing the Saudi general public’s understanding of audiology and speech-language pathology (SLP). This study aimed to examine the public awareness of audiology and SLP professions in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study design consisted of two parts. The pre-test part aimed to provide content validation for the major questionnaire study. The full- scale study addressed the aim. An electronic questionnaire was prepared and distributed. The questionnaire contained three sections: demographics, experience with hearing and communication disorders, and audiology and SLP knowledge. Results: A total of 50 and 512 participants completed the questionnaires for both parts, respectively. Most of participants were Saudi citizens (98.8%), aged 18–30 years, and lived in Riyadh. The questions with the most correct response rates were mostly inductive (e.g., work- place), but some audiology and SLP services (e.g., diagnosis and management of tinnitus, vestibular and swallowing disorders) were not well-identified by the participants. Of the total, 78.7% and 87.5% of participants correctly identified that the work of audiologists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) was not like the work of teachers of deaf and hard of hearing and special education teachers, respectively. Conclusions: A reasonable level of public awareness of audiology and SLP in Saudi Arabia was identified. Still, more public awareness campaigns and educational materials about audiology and SLP are needed. Stakeholders are advised to strengthen public awareness efforts at the national level.

The Effectiveness of İnfection Control and Isolation Education for COVID-19 Among Turkish Senior Nursing Students: Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: The literature emphasizes the importance of preparing the educational content of senior students, especially for the care of patients with COVID-19 infection. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of an online training application for infection control, and isolation on students' knowledge level, their anxiety towards COVID-19, perceived stress, and occupational risk perception levels. Method: Quasi-experimental research using a pretest-posttest design was conducted in the study. The study took place at the department of nursing of a state university in Turkey. This study was conducted with 56 volunteer last grade nursing students. Online training for infection control and isolation in the nursing care of the patients with COVID-19 infection was applied by the researchers. Results: It was found that the correct response rates that question about the care of the patient with COVID-19 infection statistically significantly increased after the training (p&lt;.05). Also, there was a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress and anxiety, the occupational risk perception of the students after the training (p&lt;.05). Conclusion: Online training relating to infection control, and isolation in association with COVID-19 increases the knowledge of senior nursing students in relation to this subject, reduces stress, anxiety and the perceived professional risk levels.

The Levels of COVID-19 Related Health Literacy among University Students in Vietnam.

BackgroundVietnam is among the few countries that were successful in the fight against the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, subsequent domestic outbreaks of COVID-19 continue to occur. To sharp the community education program to guarantee the final success in the fight against COVID-19 in Vietnam and comparable countries, we examined the levels of COVID-19 knowledge and associated predictors among university students in Vietnam.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on all students enrolling at Phenikaa University using a self-developed questionnaire consisted of 20 questions regarding COVID-19's risk factors, transmission routes, symptoms, and prevention.ResultsAmong 728 participants, 40.9% were male, 63.2% studied health-related majors, and 18.1% lived alone. Correct response rates ranged from 25.3% to 98.9% across 20 questions. Only 51.9% (378/728) of participants had good knowledge levels. Studying health majors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.547, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.398 - 0.751, P <0.001), and living with the seniors (AOR 0.612, 95% CI 0.389 - 0.963, P = 0.034) or with friends (AOR 0.405, 95% CI 0.252 – 0.650, P <0.001) were negatively associated with a poor level of COVID-19 knowledge.ConclusionThe proportion of university students having good knowledge levels is suboptimal. It is essential to improve the quality of COVID-19 education with a more focus on not only the preventive measures, but also the disease itself. More studies are needed to improve the level of COVID-19 knowledge among those living alone or do not study health-related majors.

Survey based assessment of diagnosis through periapical radiograph and CBCT and treatment of root resorption with Brazilian and American dentists and endodontists.

BackgroundThis study assesses and compares the knowledge level of endodontists (ENDs) and general dental practitioners (GPs) from Brazil and United States of America (USA) in the diagnosis and treatment of internal and external inflammatory root resorptions through periapical radiographic (PA) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. Material and MethodsA cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey was presented to the volunteers containing questions regarding personal and professional profile, as well as three clinical cases of internal and external inflammatory root resorption. A series of multiple-choice questions about the diagnosis and treatment options were surveyed. The data collected was analysed by the Chi-square test with Yates correction with a significance level of 5 %. ResultsMost answers were considered adequate when all three questions about the diagnosis and all two questions relating to the treatment were answered accurately. A total of 374 dentists answered the survey (n: 229 from Brazil vs. 145 from USA) being 41% END and 59% GP. END presented higher level of knowledge than GP regarding to diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory root resorptions both in Brazil and USA (p<0.05); USA presented higher level of adequate responses than Brazil (p<0.05). ConclusionsEND achieved a level of knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of root resorption superior to the GP. Comparing the results obtained in both countries, it was observed that the USA had a higher correct response rate than Brazil. Key words:Internal root resorption, external root resorption, management, diagnosis, treatment.

2019 대수능 최고 난이도 문항들에서 지문의 텍스트 통일성이 문항난이도에 미치는 영향

This study was motivated by the notorious difficulty of the English section of the 2019 College Scholastic Aptitude Test (CSAT). While there have been a large number of studies examining what factors determine the difficulty of ESL reading questions, text coherence has been paid little attention due to the highly linguistic orientation of the language testing field. It was generally agreed in many studies that text itself does not bear a direct relationship with its coherence. Instead, the coherence reflects the reader’s mental representation of the text elicited from it. During the process of drawing the mental representation, the reader both depends on the information explicitly presented in the text and make necessary inferences to fill in the missing parts that he or she failed to discover from the text. In order to explore the influence of text coherence on the difficulty of the reading questions, this study analyzed the most difficult five questions of the English section of the 2019 CSAT using the text analysis paradigm of Mann and Thompson’s Rhetorical Structure Theory and attempted to identify whether there are any elements to interfere with the drawing of the mental representation and whether the interrupting elements could lead to the low correct response rate. The analyses demonstrated that the texts for all five questions include some structural elements that might lead many test-takers to trouble in drawing the mental representation and, consequently, making correct answers.

The imbalance between goal-directed and habitual systems in internet gaming disorder: Results from the disturbed thalamocortical communications

BackgroundConverging evidence has identified the imbalance between goal-directed systems and habitual systems in the addiction process. The thalamocortical loop plays an important role in the habitual/goal-directed system. However, little is known about the role of the thalamus in goal-directed and habitual systems in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) patients. This study investigated whether thalamocortical circuit was disrupted and how they affected goal-directed and habitual behaviors in IGD patients. MethodsThis is a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Twenty-five IGD patients and 25 matched recreational game users (RGUs) were scanned when they were in a resting state and were performing an instrumental learning task to obtain behavioral data related to habitual/goal-directed behavior. We used the whole-brain seed-based functional connectivity (FC) of the four thalamic nuclei (bilateral) and correlation analyses to examine the thalamocortical loop difference and relationship with habitual/goal-directed performance. ResultsCompared with RGUs, IGD patients demonstrated significantly increased FC between the left midline nucleus (MN) and the right postcentral gyrus (PCG), and between the pulvinar and medial frontal gyrus (MFG). Correlation results showed that within the IGD group, the correct response rates of the participants to inconsistent stimulus-result pairs were positively correlated with the FC between the pulvinar and MFG. Inhibition-control scores were negatively correlated with the FC between the left MN and the PCG. ConclusionsIGD patients showed disrupted thalamocortical communication that could further result in an imbalance between the goal-directed and habitual systems in IGD patients. These findings provide more information about the involvement of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of IGD, and as potential circuit-level biomarkers of IGD patients, these circuit alterations may be useful in treatment development and in monitoring treatment outcomes.

Rational Use of Medicines by Mothers Having Children Under Five Years Old and Factors Affecting Their Medication Use

Giriş: Bu çalışmada, beş yaş altı çocuğu olan annelerin akılcı ilaç kullanım (AİK) durumunun belirlemesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma, Haziran 2015- Mart 2016 tarihleri arasında Pınarhisar’da yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneğini, Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine kayıtlı 0-59 aylık çocuğu olan 320 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket formu yardımıyla yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların AİK prevalansı %30,0 saptanmıştır. Kadınların reçetesiz ilaç ve reçetesiz antibiyotik kullanım prevalansı sırasıyla %90,0 ve %19,1 idi. Kadınların çocuklarına yönelik reçetesiz ilaç ve reçetesiz antibiyotik kullanım prevalansı sırasıyla %66,3 ve %6,3 bulunmuştur. Grubun %38,4’ünün evde ilaç bulundurduğu, %33,4’ünün tavsiye ile ilaç kullandığı saptanmıştır. Annelerin %18,8-%52,2’si antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik doğru bilgiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde; geniş veya parçalanmış aile yapısına sahip olanlara göre çekirdek ailede yaşayanların, asgari ücretin altında (&amp;lt;1400 TL) geliri olanlara göre 1400-2800 TL geliri olanların, ilaç fiyatı arttıkça ilacın etkinliğinin artmadığını bilenlerin ve ilaçların akılcı kullanımı ile ilgili farkındalığı olanların, ilaçları akılcı kullanma olasılığı yüksek saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Beş yaş altı çocuğu olan yaklaşık üç anneden biri ilaçları akılcı kullanmaktadır. Annelerin kendilerine yönelik reçetesiz ilaç kullanımı ve reçetesiz antibiyotik kullanımı çocuklarına kıyasla yüksek düzeydedir. İlaçların akılcı kullanımında aile tipi, gelir düzeyi, AİK bilgi veya farkındalık düzeyi belirleyici olarak saptanmıştır. Beş yaş altı çocuğu olan annelerin sağlık kuruluşlarına başvurularında, görüşme süreçleri iyi değerlendirilmeli, eğitim çalışmaları planlanmalı ve katılımları sağlanmalıdır.

Knowledge, opinions and attitudes of primary care physicians about generic drugs: a cross-sectional study.

Generic drug (GD) use is affected by many factors, including physicians' approach. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, opinions and attitudes of primary care physicians (PCPs) about GDs and potentially associated factors. An adequately representative sample (n = 354) of PCPs was determined via stratified and simple random sample selection method in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The research data were collected through a face-to-face 40-item survey, where the knowledge, opinions and attitudes about GDs were questioned. The prescribing percentage of GDs overall was also examined. The survey was completed by 305 PCPs (mean age: 49.2 ± 7.9 years; 57.4% male). The rate of correct responses about GDs was 67.6% for basic knowledge and 46.6% for the development process. The percentages of PCPs who declared that GDs were 'less efficacious', 'of lower quality' and 'less safe' than original drugs were 65.2%, 53.4% and 35.4%, respectively. More than half (60.3%) of the PCPs declared not to pay attention to whether the drug is generic while prescribing. It was observed that, as the knowledge level of the physicians increased, negative opinions and prescribing attitudes regarding the effectiveness, quality and safety of the GDs decreased. The rate of GD prescribing (51.6%) in Izmir was lower than the rest of the country (54.6%; P < 0.001). This study shows that the knowledge of PCPs about GDs is generally inadequate, which reflects negatively on their opinions and attitudes regarding the use of GDs. Educational activities can help establish awareness that GDs can be used without doubt of their effectiveness, quality and safety.

ChemistDice: A Game for Organic Functional Groups

ChemistDice is a game of cards and a die developed for first-year general chemistry students to learn the nomenclature of organic compounds and the major functional groups. The game enables students to review organic compound nomenclature, such as amines, alcohols, alkyl halides, alkyne, alkenes, and alkanes, in an entertaining way. It also helps them learn organic compound classification, such as amides, esters, carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and ethers. The game can be played with two to four players. This study surveyed participant opinions on the game’s usability, playability, and content at the end of a game using a questionnaire. The results showed that the participants generally had positive opinions on the game. The students were also given a 12 item test on organic compounds pre- and postgame, and a comparison of the results revealed an increase in the rate of correct responses. The results indicate that the game is an effective and entertaining instrument for learning the classification and nomenclature of organic chemical compounds.

The Preliminary Study for Development of Phoneme Perception Test Tool in the School-Aged Children

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a test list for school-aged children that can evaluate consonant perception ability and verify the validity and difficulty.Methods: The test list consisted of 127 initial and 94 final consonant test items with a meaningful one-syllable words and was developed in two types for each difficulty level. To verify the validity of the developed phoneme perception test tool, twenty children with normal hearing were tested for the validity of the results and the contents were verified by experts in various fields.Results: As a result of comparing the rate of correct response according to the type of test item (initial vs. final consonant) and difficulty (easy vs. difficult item), the initial and easy responses were higher than the final and hard item, respectively, so the difficulty level of the test list was appropriate. In addition, there was no statistical difference in the rate of correct answers according to the test speakers, and the content validity analysis for experts verified that the developed test list was appropriate as a phoneme perception test tool for school-age children.Conclusion: The initial and final consonant test items developed through this study consisted of one target word and three examples which are a pair of minimum confrontation with the target word and are heteromorphic test lists consisting of easy and hard types according to the difficulty of the example. It could also be useful for not only the evaluation of the consonant perception ability but also rehabilitation.

A cross-sectional evaluation of knowledge among Chinese dentists regarding the treatment of traumatic injuries in primary teeth.

Injuries to the primary dentition affect children's esthetics, function, and mental health. They may also affect the development of the permanent teeth. The knowledge of dentists about deciduous tooth trauma is rarely evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dentists in China regarding traumatic dental injuries to primary teeth. A self-administered online questionnaire containing questions on demographic data and knowledge based on a clinical scenario was given to a purposive sample of dentists, recruited by a non-probability convenience sampling method. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, with the significance level set at P <.05. A total of 394 out of 409 dentists provided valid data. There was no significant difference in demographic data. Questions about the treatment of hard dental tissue injuries in primary teeth presented a correct-response rate of 66.4%, with the highest correct-response rate for enamel fracture (n=368, 93.4%) and lowest for complicated crown-root fracture with pulp exposure (n=104, 26.4%). Questions about treatment of luxation injuries in primary teeth presented a correct-response rate of 66.6%, with subluxation presenting the highest correct-response rate (n=391, 99.2%). Factors associated with higher correct-response rates were specialist disciplines, educational qualifications, workplaces, experience of injured teeth treated, and educational experience about primary tooth trauma. No significant differences were found in the correct-response rates of dentists with different years of work experience. Lack of cooperation from children was considered a major obstacle for treatment. Special lectures and Internet courses were the most preferred methods of obtaining knowledge. The results suggest that it is necessary to enhance dental trauma education for dentists in China. More attention needs to be paid to trauma in primary dentition to ensure adequate treatment for traumatized primary teeth.

Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.

In response to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, each country has adopted different measures for its control, for instance, complete lockdown, smart lockdown based on hotspot analysis, and/or strict movement control on their residents. The effectiveness of such controls depends largely on public knowledge, attitude, and practices towards this novel virus. The prime objective of this study is to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of university students and graduates in Pakistan regarding COVID-19. For this purpose, cross-sectional data is collected from 1789 participants through an online survey conducted between July 12 and August 10. The survey instrument consists of demographic characteristics, 13 items on knowledge, 6 items on attitudes, and 3 items on practices, modified from a previously published questionnaire on COVID-19. Our statistical analyses are based on descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The overall correct response rate of the knowledge section is 73%, which is comparatively lower than similar studies in the region. The majority of participants are optimistic about the successful control of COVID-19 in Pakistan, and following the instructions issued by the government of Pakistan. However, a bulk of participants showed skepticism and no trust in the health facilities of hospitals in Pakistan, which could be the potential explanation of falling confirmed cases in Pakistan. In addition, a low knowledge score is found to be significantly associated with low confidence in successful control of COVID-19, and socially undesirable practices. The results suggest an urgent need for health education programs to hold optimistic attitudes and rebuilding of trust of the general public in health facilities in local hospitals to avoid the possible next wave of COVID-19 in Pakistan.

Dementia knowledge among older Chinese adults: A cross‐national comparison between Melbourne and Beijing

AbstractBackgroundImproving dementia knowledge among older populations has the potential to reduce risk factors or enable early diagnosis and timely treatment. This study compared dementia knowledge between older Chinese adults in Melbourne, Australia, and Beijing, China, and explored similarities and differences in relation to dementia knowledge between these two groups. Ultimately, this study aims to inform the development of tailored dementia education programs for older Chinese adults.MethodA cross‐sectional design was employed in this study. In total, 379 participants (153 from Melbourne, and 226 from Beijing) completed the questionnaire. Dementia knowledge was assessed with the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). Demographic characteristics, dementia‐related experience, and mental health status of study participants were also collected.ResultIn general, older Chinese adults in Melbourne and Beijing present a fair level of dementia knowledge (Mean±SD: 17.2±2.9 versus 17.5±2.9, P=0.179) and patterns of scores of dementia knowledge sub‐domains with highest scores in life impact and lowest scores in caregiving. In these seven domains, the correct response rates of life impact were 77% in Melbourne versus 78% in Beijing (P=0.812), treatment and management were 70% versus 72% (P=0.497), course were 66% versus 70% (P=0.096), assessment and diagnosis were 61% versus 62% (P=0.517), symptoms were 60% versus 59% (P=0.744), risk factors were 47% versus 48% (P=0.604), caregiving were both 36% (P=0.647). Multiple linear regression analysis found that younger age (B=‐0.059, P=0.025) and positive self‐report dementia impact (B=2.955, P=0.042) were significantly associated with a higher level of dementia knowledge in Melbourne, whereas the positive family history of dementia (B=1.415, P=0.040) was significantly associated with a higher level of dementia knowledge in Beijing.ConclusionOlder Chinese adults living in Melbourne and Beijing only had a fair knowledge about dementia, especially about the sub‐domains of risk factors and caregiving information. Different factors associated with dementia knowledge in these two groups. These findings suggest that dementia education programs for older Chinese adults need to focus on risk factors and caregiving.

Effectiveness of Interactive Case-Based Online Education in Improving Attp Diagnosis and Treatment Selection

INTRODUCTION The prompt recognition and treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) is critical to prevent life-threatening consequences; however, this condition continues to be under-diagnosed and associated with significant mortality. Reducing mortality rates and improving outcomes is dependent on clinician awareness of aTTP diagnostic features, and on prompt implementation of evidence-based treatment approaches. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine whether online case-based independent medical education could improve hematologists' and emergency medicine specialists' competence in identifying key diagnostic features of aTTP and selecting an initial treatment approach; and knowledge regarding recent clinical data on aTTP treatment. METHODS Hematologists and emergency medicine physicians electively participated in a 15-minute, case-based interactive online independent medical education activity on aTTP (Coppo P. Fatigue, Bruises, and Thrombocytopenia: What's Your Next Step? Launched: 1/30/2020. Data as of 4/22/2020. Available at www.medscape.org/viewarticle/923316). The effects of the education on knowledge and competence were assessed using a 3-question, repeated pairs, pre-assessment/post-assessment study design. For all questions combined, the chi-square test assessed differences from pre- to post-assessment. P values &amp;lt;.05 are statistically significant. The activity launched on January 30, 2020 and data were collected through April 22, 2020. RESULTS Overall significant improvements were seen after participation for both hematologists (average correct response rate of 33% at pre-assessment vs 82% at post-assessment; P&amp;lt;.001, N=124), and emergency medicine physicians (average correct response rate of 18% at pre-assessment vs 73% at post-assessment; P&amp;lt;.001, N=45). Specifically, there were significant improvements in recognizing laboratory findings indicative of a TTP diagnosis; selecting a triplet regimen as initial therapy for aTTP, based on current data; and understanding possible treatment-related adverse event expectations (Figure). After participating in the activity, 44% of hematologists and 84% of emergency medicine physicians had measurable improved confidence related to their ability to manage patients presenting with signs and symptoms of aTTP. Despite the increases in knowledge and confidence observed, the baseline rates of correct responses were low; therefore, ongoing education will be needed to reinforce knowledge and competence. Reinforcement is an important outcome from education that keeps clinicians' practices up-to-date (Lucero KS, Dunn S. Available at: http://almanac.acehp.org/p/bl/et/blogid=2&amp;blogaid=599. Accessed June 11, 2020). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the success of online, interactive case-based education in improving hematologists' and emergency medicine specialists' knowledge and competence in diagnosing and managing aTTP. This could lead to earlier diagnosis and a more widespread adoption of a new standard of aTTP treatment to improve overall outcomes for these patients. Figure Disclosures Coppo: Octapharma: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Knowledge and Attitude towards COVID-19: A Cross Sectional Study in Bangladesh through Phone and Online Survey

Aim: This study investigated the knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 in Bangladeshi adults by online and phone survey methods during the early stage of its spread. Methods: Data were collected through phone calls (April 14-23, 2020) and online survey (April 18-19, 2020) in Bangladesh. The questionnaire had 20 knowledge questions with each correct response getting one point and incorrect/don’t know response getting no point (maximum total knowledge score 20). Participants scoring >17 were categorized as having good knowledge. Results: The percentages of good knowledge holders were 57.6%, 75.1%, and 95.8% in the phone, online non-medical, and online medical participants, respectively. Most of the phone and online participants had good knowledge of the preventive practices of COVID-19. However, among the non-medical participants (both phone and online), the correct response rates were lower than 80% for the knowledge questions asking about the facts that - some patients may have no symptoms, diarrhea is a symptom of this disease and that it cannot be prevented by any currently available medication. Male gender, higher education, living in town/urban areas, good financial condition, and use of internet were positively associated with higher knowledge score among the non-medical participants. However, higher knowledge score was associated with having less confidence in the final control of COVID-19. Conclusion: Our study identified some COVID-19 information that were less known among the participants and the potential factors that were associated with having good versus poor knowledge. Besides, this study sheds light on the attitude of Bangladeshi adults towards COVID-19.

A survey of accuracy of nurses' clinical judgement of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease in Japan.

AimWe examined accuracy of nurses’ clinical judgement of graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) symptoms and related factors using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) for patients who developed chronic cutaneous GVHD after haematopoietic stem cell transplants.DesignCross‐sectional design using nationwide survey.MethodsA questionnaire survey based on Tanner's clinical judgement model to assess patients with chronic cutaneous GVHD using CTCAE was used. Free‐text descriptions and statistical analyses of relationship between correct responses and demographic data were performed.ResultsThe rate of correct responses for main symptoms of skin GVHD was < 50%; there was no statistical significance between correct responses and demographic data, knowledge about GVHD and collaborative practice with physicians. The accuracy of cutaneous GVHD clinical judgements was not directly related to nurses’ background. Educational opportunities that reinforce nurses’ abilities to reflect on knowledge and experiences to interpret patient symptoms are essential for improving accuracy of clinical judgement.

The effect of simultaneous prompting on teacher OTRs and student behavior

In this study researchers examined a teacher’s use of simultaneous prompting (SP) procedure in a fourth- grade special education classroom setting. Using an ABAB single subject design, the effects of a SP procedure on an increased rate of delivering questions with a small group of students identified with emotional behavior disorders were examined. Results indicated that when the teacher increased the rates of opportunities to respond (OTR), the students’ on-task behavior, rate of correct responses increased, and number of errors decreased. A discussion of limitations and future research directions is included.

DQAMLearn: Device and QoE-Aware Adaptive Multimedia Mobile Learning Framework

With the proliferation of mobile devices and online video services, mobile learning has grown both in popularity and complexity. New challenges include the multitude of mobile devices with different characteristics and limitations, as well as the exponential growth in educational multimedia content. Streaming multimedia content to mobile devices is a resource intensive task that requires significant resources such as network bandwidth, with demand expected to increase beyond future networks capacity as users adopt new technologies such as UHD, AR, VR, 3D and 360-degree video. While a number of adaptive m-learning systems have been previously proposed, none of these have thoroughly addressed the adaptation of educational multimedia content. This article proposes the novel DQAMLearn framework that aims to support mobile learner’s seamless access to educational multimedia content from a variety of mobile devices with different characteristics. Moreover, as mobile users are increasingly becoming quality-aware, the framework integrates novel mechanisms for decreasing the video quality in a controlled way, with the aim to support a good learner quality of experience (QoE) even in resource constrained situations. A comprehensive subjective study was conducted to evaluate the proposed framework. The results showed that the framework enables both high learning achievement from educational multimedia clips, with 12% and 83% correct response rates for pre and post-test questionnaires, respectively, and high learner QoE with a mean video quality rating of 79.19 on a 0–100 acceptability scale.