Correct Recovery Research Articles

Language-level persistency

The commercial release of byte-addressable persistent memories, such as Intel/Micron 3D XPoint memory, is imminent. Ongoing research has sought mechanisms to allow programmers to implement recoverable data structures in these new main memories. Ensuring recoverability requires programmer control of the order of persistent stores; recent work proposes persistency models as an extension to memory consistency to specify such ordering. Prior work has considered persistency models at the abstraction of the instruction set architecture. Instead, we argue for extending the language-level memory model to provide guarantees on the order of persistent writes. We explore a taxonomy of guarantees a language-level persistency model might provide, considering both atomicity and ordering constraints on groups of persistent stores. Then, we propose and evaluate Acquire-Release Persistency (ARP), a language-level persistency model for C++11. We describe how to compile code written for ARP to a state-of-the-art ISA-level persistency model. We then consider enhancements to the ISA-level persistency model that can distinguish memory consistency constraints required for proper synchronization but unnecessary for correct recovery. With these optimizations, we show that ARP increases performance by up to 33.2% (19.8% avg.) over coding directly to the baseline ISA-level persistency model for a suite of persistent-write-intensive workloads.

More on the Best Evolutionary Rate for Phylogenetic Analysis.

The accumulation of genome-scale molecular data sets for nonmodel taxa brings us ever closer to resolving the tree of life of all living organisms. However, despite the depth of data available, a number of studies that each used thousands of genes have reported conflicting results. The focus of phylogenomic projects must thus shift to more careful experimental design. Even though we still have a limited understanding of what are the best predictors of the phylogenetic informativeness of a gene, there is wide agreement that one key factor is its evolutionary rate; but there is no consensus as to whether the rates derived as optimal in various analytical, empirical, and simulation approaches have any general applicability. We here use simulations to infer optimal rates in a set of realistic phylogenetic scenarios with varying tree sizes, numbers of terminals, and tree shapes. Furthermore, we study the relationship between the optimal rate and rate variation among sites and among lineages. Finally, we examine how well the predictions made by a range of experimental design methods correlate with the observed performance in our simulations.We find that the optimal level of divergence is surprisingly robust to differences in taxon sampling and even to among-site and among-lineage rate variation as often encountered in empirical data sets. This finding encourages the use of methods that rely on a single optimal rate to predict a gene’s utility. Focusing on correct recovery either of the most basal node in the phylogeny or of the entire topology, the optimal rate is about 0.45 substitutions from root to tip in average Yule trees and about 0.2 in difficult trees with short basal and long-apical branches, but all rates leading to divergence levels between about 0.1 and 0.5 perform reasonably well.Testing the performance of six methods that can be used to predict a gene’s utility against our simulation results, we find that the probability of resolution, signal-noise analysis, and Fisher information are good predictors of phylogenetic informativeness, but they require specification of at least part of a model tree. Likelihood quartet mapping also shows very good performance but only requires sequence alignments and is thus applicable without making assumptions about the phylogeny. Despite them being the most commonly used methods for experimental design, geometric quartet mapping and the integration of phylogenetic informativeness curves perform rather poorly in our comparison. Instead of derived predictors of phylogenetic informativeness, we suggest that the number of sites in a gene that evolve at near-optimal rates (as inferred here) could be used directly to prioritize genes for phylogenetic inference. In combination with measures of model fit, especially with respect to compositional biases and among-site and among-lineage rate variation, such an approach has the potential to greatly improve marker choice and should be tested on empirical data.

Hay fever – analysis of the possibility of complete cure for diseases in children, e.g. hay fever treatment

What are the special aspects of children's treatment? What can be helpful for finding an appropriate homeopathic remedy and making a correct recovery prognosis? What is of primary importance during initial consultation?

A Subspace Projection-Based Joint Sparse Recovery Method for Structured Biomedical Signals

Sparse signal processing has shown a significant promise for the reconstruction of biomedical signals, which possess well-defined sparsity structures in an appropriate transform domain. In this paper, a reconstruction algorithm is proposed based on the multiple-measurement-vector model using the hidden sparsity and correlation structure of biomedical signals. This incorporates subspace filtering over the partial supports, initialized by the sparse Bayesian learning framework along with a maximum projection-based support-estimation technique. The proposed method outperforms the conventional algorithms with respect to correct support recovery rate and needs fewer measurements. The robustness is studied by employing real-world biomedical signals. The experimental results using multichannel fetal-electrocardiogram signals and respiratory signals, collected from the Physiobank database, show that the proposed technique is an improved method in terms of reconstruction quality and compression rate.

Etiology and treatment in craniofacial fractures

AbstractIntroduction. Facial trauma remains an important pathology in present days because of its effects. Facial deformities and functional alteration affect patient’s life quality and his society reinsertion. First evaluation has to be thorough to avoid any secondary complications .This type of pathology involves a pluridisciplinary approach: ENT, OMF, neurosurgeon,plastic surgeon,intensive care doctor. Healing implies complex biological process .A healed bone is capable to perform normal duties without titanium plates help. Osteosynthesis allows a faster and correct recovery. Doctors need to possess profound knowledge with regard to anatomy and physiology and to be acquainted with the reconstructive methods used in craniofacial surgery. Material and methods. This study evaluates craniofacial trauma patients who suffered different types of surgical interventions at the ENT Clinic and OMF Department of Constanta County Hospital since January the 1st 2013 until June the 1st 2017. Results. The group involves 133 cases, both genders and all ages. These 2 elements play an important role in this pathology because of the fact that the vast majority of patients are young active males. The sex ratio in the study is 7:1. In most of cases, craniofacial traumas appear after aggressions and car accidents. The nose and mandibular are fractured in a higher percentage in comparison to other parts of facial structures. Discussions. Important and sensitive structures located at this level increase the risk of possible important and definitive damages.

The flap recovery on the impacted lower third molar surgery comparing 3 different flap designs: a clinical study.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the healing of the deep and superficial lower first and second molars periodontium, after the surgical extraction of the contiguous impacted third molar, comparing 3 mucoperiosteal flap designs. 150 patients which had to undergo a impacted lower third molar surgery were enrolled in this study. They were checked from day 0 to day 90, in order to focus on the recovery quality of the soft tissues around the lower second molar, comparing 3 different flap designs. No intraoperatory incident happened. The complete recovery of the periodontium around the second molar has been shown in each patient after 90 days from surgery and each adverse reaction happened within the sixth week after surgery. Only 2 slight gengival recessions 0,5 mm have been find out. The impacted third molar surgery is an operation that, if rightly programmed and performed, is relatively safe. Besides, the correct handling and management of periodontium around the second molar and the choice of the flap type to be used support a correct recovery on the second molar periodontium, avoiding any long-term damage. This study wanted to analyze the healing of the deep and superficial lower second molar periodontium, after the impacted lower third molar surgery. In order to improve the surgical technique used for lower third molar germectomies, we wanted to compare 3 different kind of flap designs.

Secure Transmissions via Compressive Sensing in Multicarrier Systems

In this paper, we consider an encryption scheme based on compressive sensing for multicarrier systems, where artificial noise is selectively transmitted together with a sparse message signal in the frequency domain to make an adversary's attack difficult. In order to minimize the impact of artificial noise on the performance of a legitimate receiver, the channel state information at the transmitter is exploited under the assumption of channel reciprocity in time division multiplexing mode. We consider attack to estimate the measurement matrix using the maximum likelihood approach and find the probability of correct recovery (or successful attack) under certain assumptions which might be favorable for the adversary.

Perfect Recovery Conditions for Non-negative Sparse Modeling

Sparse modeling has been widely and successfully used in many applications such as computer vision, machine learning, and pattern recognition. Accompanied with those applications, significant research has studied the theoretical limits and algorithm design for convex relaxations in sparse modeling. However, theoretical analyses on non-negative versions of sparse modeling are limited in the literature either to a noiseless setting or a scenario with a specific statistical noise model such as Gaussian noise. This paper studies the performance of non-negative sparse modeling in a more general scenario where the observed signals have an unknown arbitrary distortion, especially focusing on non-negativity constrained and L1-penalized least squares, and gives an exact bound for which this problem can recover the correct signal elements. We pose two conditions to guarantee the correct signal recovery: minimum coefficient condition (MCC) and nonlinearity vs. subset coherence condition (NSCC). The former defines the minimum weight for each of the correct atoms present in the signal and the latter defines the tolerable deviation from the linear model relative to the positive subset coherence (PSC), a novel type of "coherence" metric. We provide rigorous performance guarantees based on these conditions and experimentally verify their precise predictive power in a hyperspectral data unmixing application.

Novel Approach to Design Time-Domain Training Sequence for Accurate Sparse Channel Estimation

Nowadays, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system plays a more and more important role in telecommunication systems where the training sequence (TS) is usually adopted for synchronization and channel estimation, such as in the digital television/terrestrial multimedia broadcasting system. However, to achieve a channel estimation scheme with both high accuracy and spectrum efficiency is still challenging due to noise interference and delay spread of the propagation channel. In this paper, by applying the compressive sensing (CS) theory into the sparse channel estimation process for time-domain TS, a thorough investigation on the TS design criteria is carried out. Three criteria to optimize the TS design, which are to minimize the hyper-factors for coherence, the cumulative coherence, and the coherence variance, respectively, are proposed to improve the recovery performance. To minimize the corresponding merit factors of the proposed criteria, we first investigate a CS-based inverse discrete Fourier transform pattern of TS with cyclic structure, and then a genetic algorithm is proposed to further lower the merit factors. The simulation results show that by using the proposed optimized TSs, the channel estimation performance outperforms those obtained by either conventional pseudo-random noise sequence or brute force searching sequence in correct recovery probability, mean square error, and bit error rate. Moreover, the proposed criteria II and III have better performance than criterion I, while criterion III has the lowest computational complexity and is the most suitable for application.

A Soft-Error Mitigated Microprocessor With Software Controlled Error Reporting and Recovery

A MIPS 4Kc compliant embedded microprocessor design that incorporates architectural features for software controlled soft-error recovery is presented. The design leverages classical fault tolerance techniques, e.g., error detection and instruction restart, implemented at the micro-architectural level, and added instructions for error recovery. Soft-errors are detected as the instructions commit to architectural state. At this point, an exception is taken and software recovers the correct machine state and restarts execution. The software recovery allows full machine inspection to determine error root causes. Added instructions also facilitate silicon validation of the hardware and software recovery mechanisms. The design is implemented in a commercial low standby power 90-nm bulk CMOS process and the prototype operates at up to 336 MHz. Finally, proton broad beam irradiation results are presented. The processor demonstrates correct recovery, resuming program operation, from over 500 detected soft-errors, with no unrecoverable errors.

Research on recovery strategy in embedded real-time main memory databases

In order to recover data from embedded real-time main memory databases effectively and efficiently, this paper proposes a real-time log-based recovery approach. With respect to the real-time requirement in embedded systems, we classify the consistency in real-time main memory databases into data and transaction consistencies, analyze them theoretically, design rules for correct recovery strategy, and propose real-time log-based recover algorithms for different types of transactions. The experiments show that the proposed approach is more effective and efficient than methods in both traditional and eXtremeDB database systems.

記憶の複数プロセス説における独立性仮定問題を解くための試論

The purpose of this article is to propose a solution of the problem of the independence assumption in multiple-process views of memory retrieval, especially the process-dissociation procedure (PDP) models. We refer to and justify certain naïve introspection that people cannot recollect anything without familiarity. Based on this point and the definitions of recollection and familiarity in several articles, we argue that it is impossible to assume the independent relationship between recollection and familiarity. Instead of these processes, we propose two new constructs, correct event recovery (CER) and derivative-based recovery (DBR), so that they can be independent logically. Particularly, DBR is an improved version of gist-based recovery (GBR) that Tsukimoto & Hirano (2009b) have suggested.

Undersampled Phase Retrieval with Outliers.

This paper proposes a general framework for reconstructing sparse images from undersampled (squared)-magnitude data corrupted with outliers and noise. This phase retrieval method uses a layered approach, combining repeated minimization of a convex majorizer (surrogate for a nonconvex objective function), and iterative optimization of that majorizer using a preconditioned variant of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Since phase retrieval is nonconvex, this implementation uses multiple initial majorization vectors. The introduction of a robust 1-norm data fit term that is better adapted to outliers exploits the generality of this framework. The derivation also describes a normalization scheme for the regularization parameter and a known adaptive heuristic for the ADMM penalty parameter. Both 1D Monte Carlo tests and 2D image reconstruction simulations suggest the proposed framework, with the robust data fit term, reduces the reconstruction error for data corrupted with both outliers and additive noise, relative to competing algorithms having the same total computation.

Chemical Shifts to Metabolic Pathways: Identifying Metabolic Pathways Directly from a Single 2D NMR Spectrum.

Identifying cellular processes in terms of metabolic pathways is one of the avowed goals of metabolomics studies. Currently, this is done after relevant metabolites are identified to allow their mapping onto specific pathways. This task is daunting due to the complex nature of cellular processes and the difficulty in establishing the identity of individual metabolites. We propose here a new method: ChemSMP (Chemical Shifts to Metabolic Pathways), which facilitates rapid analysis by identifying the active metabolic pathways directly from chemical shifts obtained from a single two-dimensional (2D) [(13)C-(1)H] correlation NMR spectrum without the need for identification and assignment of individual metabolites. ChemSMP uses a novel indexing and scoring system comprised of a "uniqueness score" and a "coverage score". Our method is demonstrated on metabolic pathways data from the Small Molecule Pathway Database (SMPDB) and chemical shifts from the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). Benchmarks show that ChemSMP has a positive prediction rate of >90% in the presence of decluttered data and can sustain the same at 60-70% even in the presence of noise, such as deletions of peaks and chemical shift deviations. The method tested on NMR data acquired for a mixture of 20 amino acids shows a success rate of 93% in correct recovery of pathways. When used on data obtained from the cell lysate of an unexplored oncogenic cell line, it revealed active metabolic pathways responsible for regulating energy homeostasis of cancer cells. Our unique tool is thus expected to significantly enhance analysis of NMR-based metabolomics data by reducing existing impediments.

Losing p53 loosens up ER-stress.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central intracellular organelle responsible for proper folding, localization, and post-translational modifications of proteins in eukaryotic cells. During conditions of cellular stress, incorrectly folded proteins can accumulate in the ER and trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR), which involves the activation of signal transduction pathways designed to restore correct protein folding and recovery from ER stress [1]. In rapidly dividing tumor cells, UPR can become constitutively activated, presumably because higher levels of proliferation require increased protein synthesis [1, 2]. In addition, the tumor micro-environment is often host to additional adverse conditions including nutrient and oxygen deprivation, leading to further perturbations of ER function. Therefore, it may come as no surprise that UPR has been shown to play a crucial cytoprotective role in tumor cells [2]. We have recently unveiled an unexpected role for the tumor suppressor p53 in regulating ER function via the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway [3]. IRE1α is an ER stress sensor that activates the UPR to restore ER function and maintain cellular homeostasis. It was observed that wild-type p53 suppresses IRE1α expression and activation, while the loss of active p53 potentiates the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway, enhancing ER function [3]. This finding suggests a survival benefit for cancer cells that can inactivate p53. Because cancer cells with high protein load on the ER would need enhanced ER function to cope with constant ER stress, losing p53 function would assist tumors to grow in adverse conditions by increasing IRE1α/XBP1 pathway activation. In addition, we found that a p53 target, CDIP1, acts as a proapototic signal mediator in conditions of ER stress [4]. The CDIP1/BAP31 complex was shown to transduce ER stress-mediated apoptotic signaling to the mitochondria and activate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, suggesting that loss of p53 function may contribute to the survival of cancer cells by enhancing ER function as well as hindering ER stress-mediated apoptosis signaling. The loss of p53 function in relation to ER stress is likely to have important consequences for the sustenance of cancer cell proliferation. Previous studies have demonstrated that the activation of p53 suppresses mTOR activity and consequently inhibits protein translation [5, 6]. The elimination of wild-type p53 function may therefore provide an opportunity for cancer cells to further promote unregulated proliferation, via elevated protein synthesis and a subsequent increase in ER function. We have revealed that wild-type p53 directly interacts with synoviolin (SYVN1) and can thereby stimulate SYVN1-dependent degradation of IRE1α. The loss of p53 disrupts SYVN1-mediated IRE1α downregulation, producing an ER stress-resistant phenotype by increased IRE1α/XBP1 pathway activity [3]. However, although the loss of p53 function facilitates enhanced ER function to manage high ER stress, this also generates an overreliance on IRE1α in cancer cells with p53 mutations. Indeed, we have found that pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α strongly suppresses protein secretion and potently induces cell death in such p53-deficient cancer cells [3]. Importantly, the IRE1α inhibitor exhibited significant inhibitory effects against p53-deficient human tumors in vivo compared to those with wild-type p53. These results illuminate an important proof-of-concept for targeting tumors with mutant p53 via inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. Malignant transformation occurs through a combination of oncogenic pathway activation and the loss of tumor suppression. Understanding the consequences and identifying vulnerabilities caused by such changes can provide promising opportunities to selectively target cancer cells. Mutation in the p53 gene is the most frequent genetic alteration found in human cancer and inactivation of p53 is known as one of the strongest driving factors in cancer development and chemoresistance [7]. The new finding that loss of p53 activates the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway leading to enhanced ER function broadens our understanding of how cancer cells with mutant p53 survive, and also highlights a possibility for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Abstract 19242: No Difference in Skill Acquisition and Retention When Teaching Laypersons Recovery Position Using Four-stage and Two-stage Teaching Technique: A Randomized Comparison

Introduction: Resuscitation guidelines recommend that unconscious and spontaneously breathing persons are placed in the recovery position to secure airway patency. Techniques for teaching the recovery position require evaluation. Aim: To evaluate acquisition and retention of recovery position skills among laypersons taught using a four-stage and two-stage teaching technique. Methods: Laypersons were randomized to a standardized European Resuscitation Council (ERC) courses in BLS/AED including training in recovery position using a four-stage teaching technique compared to modified course with the same content using a two-stage teaching technique. Participants were tested immediately after training and three months (±five days) later to assess acquisition and retention of recovery position skills. Tests were video recorded and reviewed by two assessors blinded to teaching technique. A skill checklist in accordance with the ERC guidelines representing the eight steps of the recovery position was used. The primary endpoint was passing the test (8 out of 8 skills). Result: In total, 160 participants were included. Total average number of steps of eight performed correctly was 7.3±1.0 (n=70) vs 7.1±1.1 (n=72) (p=0.5) immediately after the course and 4.1 ±2.3 (n=64) vs 3.8 ±2.3 (n=64) (p=0.4) three month later when using the four-stage and the two-stage technique, respectively. Correct final recovery position was obtained by 91% vs 93% immediately after the course and 49% vs 42% three month later. Each separate step of the recovery position is shown in Table 1. Conclusion: There was no difference in skill acquisition and retention when teaching laypersons recovery position using the four-stage and two-stage teaching technique. There was a marked decrease in skill level three months after training, particularly keeping the airway patent by head tilt and checking breathing regularly in both groups.

Compressed sensing of ECG signal for wireless system with new fast iterative method

Recent experiments in wireless body area network (WBAN) show that compressive sensing (CS) is a promising tool to compress the Electrocardiogram signal ECG signal. The performance of CS is based on algorithms use to reconstruct exactly or approximately the original signal. In this paper, we present two methods work with absence and presence of noise, these methods are Least Support Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (LS-OMP) and Least Support Denoising-Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (LSD-OMP). The algorithms achieve correct support recovery without requiring sparsity knowledge. We derive an improved restricted isometry property (RIP) based conditions over the best known results.The basic procedures are done by observational and analytical of a different Electrocardiogram signal downloaded them from PhysioBankATM.Experimental results show that significant performance in term of reconstruction quality and compression rate can be obtained by these two new proposed algorithms, and help the specialist gathering the necessary information from the patient in less time if we use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) application, or reconstructed the patient data after sending it through the network.

Strong recovery conditions for least support orthogonal matching pursuit in noisy case

A least support denoising-orthogonal matching pursuit (LSD-OMP) algorithm to reconstruct the sparse signal using less number of iterations from noisy measurements is presented. The algorithm achieves correct support recovery without requiring sparsity knowledge. An improved restricted isometry property-based condition is derived over the best-known results. Experimental results demonstrate that the LSD-OMP achieves good performance on recovering sparse signals, outperforming the latest state-of-the art method in terms of reconstructed signal-to-noise ratio and running time.

Orthogonal Matching Pursuit on Faulty Circuits

With the wide recognition that modern nanoscale devices will be error-prone, characterization of reliability of information processing systems built out of unreliable components has become an important topic. In this paper, we analyze the performance of orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), a popular sparse recovery algorithm, running on faulty circuits. We identify sufficient conditions for correct recovery of the signal support and express these conditions in terms of the relationship among signal magnitudes, sparsity, and the mutual incoherence of the measurement matrix. We study both the effects of additive errors in arithmetic computations and logical errors in comparators. We find that the additive errors in the OMP computations have an impact on the overall performance comparable to that of the additive noise in the input measurements. We also show that parallel structures are more robust to logical errors than serial structures in the implementation of a noisy arg max operation, and thus lead to a better OMP performance.

A Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics discretization for the modelling of free surface flows and rigid body dynamics

SummaryThis work describes a unified discretization of rigid solids and fluids, allowing for spatially detailed and time‐resolved simulations of fluid–solid interaction. The model is based on a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations and Newton's equations for rigid body dynamics. A δ‐SPH term is added to the continuity equation, allowing for an effective interface description. The benchmark case of the buoyancy‐driven motion of an unrestricted rigid body allows for experimenting new computational approaches for the more general case of fluid–solid interactions, in the case of solid objects larger than the smallest flow scales. Numerical experiments and analytical solutions are recovered from the literature and compared with the numerical results from the proposed model. Experimental measurements were performed and numerical results are compared, resulting in a wide range study of the fundamental properties of fluid–solid systems. After an investigation on the influence of the stabilizing δ‐SPH terms, the model is shown to respect free stream consistency, the correct dynamics of a buoyant body, for a range of positive and negative relative densities and the correct recovery of equilibrium states. This work addresses these topics in an attempt to characterise the presented model with regard to the quality of its solutions and possible limitations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.