Correction Protocol Research Articles

Non-Operative Management of Polytraumatized Patients: Body Imaging beyond CT

In the transition from the operative to the conservative approach for the polytraumatized patients who undergo blunt trauma, diagnostic imaging has assumed a pivotal role, currently offering various opportunities, particularly in the follow-up of these patients. The choice of the most suitable imaging method in this setting mainly depends on the injury complications we are looking for, the patient conditions (mobilization, cooperation, medications, allergies and age), the biological invasiveness, and the availability of each imaging method. Computed Tomography (CT) represents the "standard" imaging technique in the polytraumatized patient due to the high diagnostic performance when a correct imaging protocol is adopted, despite suffering from invasiveness due to radiation dose and intravenous contrast agent administration. Ultrasound (US) is a readily available technology, cheap, bedside performable and integrable with intravenous contrast agent (Contrast enhanced US-CEUS) to enhance the diagnostic performance, but it may suffer particularly from limited panoramicity and operator dependance. Magnetic Resonance (MR), until now, has been adopted in specific contexts, such as biliopancreatic injuries, but in recent experiences, it showed a great potential in the follow-up of polytraumatized patients; however, its availability may be limited in some context, and there are specific contraindications, such as as claustrophobia and the presence non-MR compatible devices. In this article, the role of each imaging method in the body-imaging follow-up of adult polytraumatized patients will be reviewed, enhancing the value of integrated imaging, as shown in several cases from our experience.

Edukasi Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 di Kelurahan Pantoloan

Introduction: In 2021 there were 22,403 positive confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Central Sulawesi, 595 cases died, and 5,992 people underwent quarantine. The number who have confirmed positive in Palu City is 4,993 people. One of the areas at high risk of an increase in cases in Palu City is Pantoloan Village, which is a port area where passengers come and go from various regions. Health cadres and related organizations need to be empowered to increase socialization of the implementation of health protocols in the community to prevent Covid-19. Community service program activities by lecturers at the Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu aim to provide understanding to the public about the application of health protocols in an effort to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 in the Pantoloan Village. The methods of this activity is carried out by providing counseling and education to implement health protocols so that the transmission of Covid-19 can be prevented with infocus media. Implementation of activities on July 12-13 2022. Participants in this activity totaled 30 people consisting of PKK cadres and mothers. The results show an increase in knowledge from the pre and post test with an average score of 60.80 to an average of 80.90. Suggestions for PKK cadres and women who have been educated together with the local government and community leaders to actively carry out health socialization or promotion related to the implementation of correct and routine health protocols, especially in the Pantoloan Village. For related agencies, it is necessary to educate the public regarding the spread of Covid-19, especially in areas prone to spread, such as in port and border areas.

Single-molecule localization microscopy reveals the ultrastructural constitution of distal appendages in expanded mammalian centrioles

Distal appendages (DAPs) are vital in cilia formation, mediating vesicular and ciliary docking to the plasma membrane during early ciliogenesis. Although numerous DAP proteins arranging a nine-fold symmetry have been studied using superresolution microscopy analyses, the extensive ultrastructural understanding of the DAP structure developing from the centriole wall remains elusive owing to insufficient resolution. Here, we proposed a pragmatic imaging strategy for two-color single-molecule localization microscopy of expanded mammalian DAP. Importantly, our imaging workflow enables us to push the resolution limit of a light microscope well close to a molecular level, thus achieving an unprecedented mapping resolution inside intact cells. Upon this workflow, we unravel the ultra-resolved higher-order protein complexes of the DAP and its associated proteins. Intriguingly, our images show that C2CD3, microtubule triplet, MNR, CEP90, OFD1, and ODF2 jointly constitute a unique molecular configuration at the DAP base. Moreover, our finding suggests that ODF2 plays an auxiliary role in coordinating and maintaining DAP nine-fold symmetry. Together, we develop an organelle-based drift correction protocol and a two-color solution with minimum crosstalk, allowing a robust localization microscopy imaging of expanded DAP structures deep into the gel-specimen composites.

Effect of Snakebite on Osteomyelitis and Cardiac Shock in Pediatric and Adult Patients

Snakebite is a defense mechanism of snakes and can be a medical emergency. Snake venom contains a mixture of protein components that affect the functional activity of the target physiology. The structure of the poison in snake venom has different variations for different snake species. As for snakebite, it can be life-threatening if it has neurotoxic, cytotoxic, or hemotoxic toxic effects. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between snakebite incidence to osteomyelitis and cardiogenic shock. The results of this study can be used as a source of information and an objective correlation reference regarding the relationship between snakebite and osteomyelitis and cardiogenic shock. This research is a Systematic Review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method or commonly called PRISMA, this method is carried out systematically by following the correct research stages or protocols. Antivenom neutralizes toxins in fixed quantities. Both children and adults are given the same amount of antivenom because snakes inject the same amount of poison into both adults and children. Antivenom can be effective as long as the poison is still active in the patient's body causing symptoms of systemic intoxication. It can last for several days or even weeks after the bite. After a series of processes have been passed, based on the results of research in the Scopus-indexed journal on the systematic "The Relationship of Snakebite with Osteomyelitis and Cardiac shock in Pediatric and Adult Patients" a conclusion can be drawn, namely that the majority of journals discuss heart disorders and infections, necrosis of muscles and bones related to poisonous snake bites.

Pengaruh Hiv yang Mengalami UTI, HIP Dislocation, Sciatic Nerve Pain, Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Disertai Ptsd


 
 
 
 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system making the body susceptible to various diseases, such as TB, TORCH and others. Knowing the effect of the incidence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which has CD-8 T Cell maturity accompanied by UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) and Hip Dislocation with Sciatic Nerve Pain using the minipill as emergency contraception accompanied by PTSD (Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder) in Commercial Sex Workers. This research is a Systematic Review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method or commonly called PRISMA, this method is carried out systematically by following the correct research steps or protocols. Sources were taken from the PubMed site and the Google Scholar site with journals published in 2017-2022 and then screening was carried out to obtain 20,486 results. Journal clustering was carried out and the number of Scopus Q1 indexed journals was 1 journal, 2 journals Q2, 1 journal indexed Sinta S1, so that 4 journals were extracted. The majority of journals discuss age related to the influence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) events which experience CD-8 T Cell maturity accompanied by UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) and Hip Dislocation with Sciatic Nerve Pain using the minipill as emergency contraception accompanied by PTSD (Post Traumatic Syndrome) Disorder) in commercial sex workers.
 
 
 

Characteristics of Osteoporosis Patients with Gallstone Formation in Cholelithiasis Patients with Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome

There is a suspected relationship between osteoporosis and gallstone formation in patients with cholelithiasis with neuroleptic malignant syndrome. However, the characteristics of osteoporosis that are related to this problem have not been discussed in previous studies. Knowing the Characteristics of Osteoporosis Patients with Gallstone Formation in Patients Suffering from Cholelithiasis With Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome. This research is a Systematic Review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method or commonly called PRISMA, this method is carried out systematically by following the correct research steps or protocols. Sources were taken from the Google Scholar website with journals published in 2005-2022 and then screening was carried out to obtain the results of 1,910 journal articles. Journal clustering was carried out and the number of Scopus indexed journals obtained was 4 journals Q1, 1 journal Q2, and 1 Q4 journal, so that 6 journals were extracted.

Fusion-based quantum computation

The standard primitives of quantum computing include deterministic unitary entangling gates, which are not natural operations in many systems including photonics. Here, we present fusion-based quantum computation, a model for fault tolerant quantum computing constructed from physical primitives readily accessible in photonic systems. These are entangling measurements, called fusions, which are performed on the qubits of small constant sized entangled resource states. Probabilistic photonic gates as well as errors are directly dealt with by the quantum error correction protocol. We show that this computational model can achieve a higher threshold than schemes reported in literature. We present a ballistic scheme which can tolerate a 10.4% probability of suffering photon loss in each fusion, which corresponds to a 2.7% probability of loss of each individual photon. The architecture is also highly modular and has reduced classical processing requirements compared to previous photonic quantum computing architectures.

A retrospective comparison of two protocols for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in prepubertal children: hybrid hyrax expander with mandibular miniplates and rapid maxillary expansion with face mask

BackgroundThis study compared the skeletal and dental effects of a hybrid maxillary expander with mandibular miniplates (HE-MP) and Class III elastics to conventional tooth-borne rapid maxillary expander and face mask (RME–FM) in skeletal Class III treatment.MethodsThis retrospective study included 36 skeletal Class III patients. Eighteen patients (mean age 10.24 ± 1.31 years) were treated with a hybrid expander, two mandibular L-shaped miniplates and full-time Class III elastics (HE-MP group). Their results were compared to a group of patients treated with conventional RME–FM (n = 18; mean age 10.56 ± 1.41 year). Radiographs were taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2). All patients were in cervical maturation stages CS1–CS3 at T1. The measured outcomes were the changes in sagittal and vertical skeletal and dental cephalometric measurements.ResultsTreatment time was approximately 15.5 ± 2.8 months with the HE-MP and 11.85 ± 3.41 months for the RME–FM. The Class III malocclusion was corrected in both groups with significant changes. The maxilla advanced more in the HE-MP group, with an increase in SNA of 4.26° ± 2.15° compared to 1.14 ± 0.93 in the RME–FM group (p < 0.001). The effect on the mandible was similar in both groups, while the overall skeletal change was significantly greater with HE-MP, with an increase in the ANB of 5.25° ± 2.03° and a Wits appraisal increase of 6.03 ± 3.13 mm, as opposed to 2.04° ± 1.07° and 2.94 ± 1.75 mm with the RME–FM (p < 0.001). Dental changes were significantly higher with RME–FM, with an increase in incisor inclination (U1-SN) of 5.02° ± 3.93° (p < 0.001), with no significant changes in the HE-MP group. The mandibular incisors retroclined by 5.29° ± 3.57° at L1-MP with the RME–FM, while they advanced slightly with the HE-MP by 2.87° ± 5.37° (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe use of skeletal anchorage for maxillary expansion and protraction significantly increases skeletal effects and reduces dental side effects compared to tooth-borne maxillary expansion and protraction. These results need to be investigated in the long term.

Effect of a Corrective Exercise Program Based on the National Academy of Sports Medicine’s Protocol on Forward Head Angle and Cervical Joint Position Sense in Females With Forward Head Posture

Background and Aims Nowadays, the musculoskeletal disorders and postural problems due to inappropriate postural habits and uninterrupted repetitive movements are important issues in sports medicine. Recently, the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM)’s corrective exercise protocol has received attention from scholars. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a corrective exercise program based on NASM’s protocol on the forward head angle and cervical joint position sense. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study. Participants were 30 female college students, aged 18-25 years with a forward head angle &gt; 46 degrees, who were randomly divided into two groups of control (N=15, age=20±2 years, height=1.59±3.03 m, weight=58.13±5.08 kg, BMI=22.71±1.41 kg/m2) and exercise (N=15, age= 20.53±1.55 years, height=1.60±0.02 m, weight=60.53±4.10 kg, BMI=23.61±1.20 kg/m2). The exercise group performed corrective exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for 30-70 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The lateral photography method was used for measuring forward head posture. The cervical joint position sense was assessed using the target angle repositioning error test before and after corrective exercises. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of covariance. The significance level was set at 0.001. Results Eight weeks of corrective exercises reduced the forward head angle and target angle repositioning error in the exercise group compared to the control group (P≤0.001). Conclusion Corrective exercises based on NASM’s protocol seem to reduce the forward head angle and improve the cervical joint position sense. Therefore, correctional treatment specialists and therapists are recommended to use the program to improve the forward head posture and cervical proprioception in women with this postural deformity.

HAND HYGIENE AND HEALTHCARE-RELATED INFECTIONS

The aim of this study was to identify the main risks of healthcare-associated infections and the role of hand hygiene. From this objective, the research problem that guided all the work was raised, where it was asked: what is the role of hand hygiene in health care? The hypothesis for this question includes that if health professionals properly wash their hands, they prevent the emergence of infections and cross-contamination. The approach on the subject becomes important, in view of the increased demand for health care due to various problems such as the pandemic itself. On the other hand, it is extremely important to pay attention to adequate and correct protocols so that the possibilities of the appearance of infections and various contaminations that could be avoided only with correct hand hygiene are increasingly reduced. The methodology used for the construction of this text was bibliographical research. The nature of the research was basic, as the intention was to produce knowledge through the investigation of the research problem. Materials published between 1997 and 2021 and written in both Portuguese and English were used. The articles were read, the due summaries were made and later the data relevant to the research was removed. The results pointed to the extreme importance of the professionals’ behavior regarding proper hygiene and standardized techniques.

Value Stream Mapping applied to information management in infection control

Infection control teams collect and produce information on epidemiologic surveillance for prevention of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs). Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a Lean method for developing process through flow efficiency. The aim of the study was to use VSM to identify opportunities for improvement in the infection control department. Flow of information and infection control activities were reviewed using VSM and a questionnaire, where time required for each task was measured. The actual VSM went through multidisciplinary analysis and an ideal VSM was created without considering resource limits. The ideal VSM was reviewed to identify the improvements easily implemented and the ones that would require more time or resources. The actual VSM analysis addressed work overload for Key Performance Indicators (KPI) production, data management (fragmentation, access and redundant work, storage, time between tasks, time typing) and tasks performed retrospectively, when less information is available and with no opportunity to correct protocol deviation. The implementation of the ideal VSM provided a faster and more efficient HAIs analysis, London protocol for HAI cases and surgical prophylaxis evaluation became real time tasks, and all surgical surveillance was improved. A mobile app was proposed as an intervention and became a long-term project. If completely implemented, the ideal VSM would result in 15.7 less work hours/month, having the working time optimized for patient care. VSM is an important tool for epidemiologic surveillance in infection control allowing better data management, continuous workflow, and new information production with potentially fewer work hours.

Алгоритм валидации ограниченно-детерминированного поведения передатчика в канале частичного стирания

In the previous papers, the notions of a partial erasure structure and a partial erasure channel have been introduced. A partial erasure structure is a triplet consisting of an alphabet A, a family of partitions of the alphabet and a set of probabilities assigned to the partitions. A partial erasure channel functions as follows. Alice sends Bob a symbol a ∈ A, but Bob receives only partial information about the symbol. Bob only knows which partition has been choosen and which class of the partition the symbol belongs to. The set of pairs consisting of a partition and a class of the partition, i.e., the signals Bob can receive, is denoted as Bob’s alphabet B. There is a natural correspondence between the characters sent by Alice and received by Bob. For symbols a ∈ A and b ∈ B, a 7→ b is assumed to hold if there exists a partition T in the partial erasure structure such that b = (πT (a), T). The correspondence is also generalized to the words. We assume that a1 . . . an 7→ b1 . . . bn holds, if ai 7→ bi holds for all i = 1 . . . n. Suppose that Alice has an input tape from which she reads symbols of some finite alphabet S. Bob has an output tape, on which he can print symbols of alphabet S and also specially reserved (not in S) erasure symbol “*”. Thus, a problem of transmitting information via the descibed channel (i.e., a problem of construction of Alice’s and Bob’s behaviour) arises. In the previous papers of the author, a formal model of interaction between a transmitter (Alice) and a receiver (Bob), called a protocol, is presented. A protocol is a pair of functions (F, G), where F : S ∗ → A∗ is the Alice behaviour function and G : B∗ → S ∪ {∗,Λ} is the Bob behaviour function. Suppose that Alice has just read another symbol s ∈ S from the input tape, having previously read the word ˆs = s1, . . . , sm. Then we assume that during the following |F(ˆss)| steps Alice sends the word F(ˆss) symbol by symbol via the channel of partial erasure. Bob receives the symbol b ∈ B on each step. After receiving the symbol, he has to decide what to print on the output tape. He can print a symbol of the alphabet S, or the erasure symbol “*”, or nothing. Bob’s decision is determined by the function G. The protocol (F, G) is said to be valid, if Bob prints on the output tape the same content what originally is on the input tape, while, perhaps, with the replacement of the significant symbols (i.e., the symbols of the alphabet S) to the erasure symbol “*”. Among all Alice’s behavior functions, a class of correct functions is defined. A function F is said to be correct, if F(Λ)F(s 1 1 )F(s 1 1 s 1 2 ). . . F(s 1 1 . . . s1 n ) 7→ β1, F(Λ)F(s 2 1 )F(s 2 1 s 2 2 ). . . F(s 2 1 . . . s2 m) 7→ β2 and β1 is a prefix to β2, where β1, β2 ∈ B∗ . The question is investigated, for which functions of Alice’s behavior F there exists a function of Bob’s behavior G such that the pair (F, G) is a correct protocol. The theorem is proved that for this it is necessary and sufficient that F belongs to the class of correct functions. This paper presents an algorithm for verifying that Alice’s behavior function F belongs to the class of correct functions. The complexity of the algorithm is O(L|Q| 3 |S| 4 ), where |Q| is the number of states of the automaton representing the function F, L is the maximum length of the word Alice throws out, |S| is the number of symbols of the alphabet S.

Вызовы в реализации систем глубокого анализа сетевого трафика методом полного протокольного декодирования

This paper presents a summary of experience in developing the deep packet inspection system using full protocol decoding. The paper reviews the challenges encountered during implementation and provides a high-level overview of the solutions to these issues. The challenges can be grouped into two groups. The first group is related to the fundamental tasks which must be addressed when implementing full protocol decoding systems. This includes ensuring correct protocol parsing, which involves identifying and interpreting protocol headers and fields correctly. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure the processing of fragmented packets and the assembly of fragments into the original message. Additionally, the processing and analysis of encrypted traffic is a crucial task that may require the use of specialized algorithms and tools. The second group of problems is related to optimizing the process of full protocol decoding to ensure high-speed traffic processing, as well as supporting new protocols and the ability to add user-defined extensions. While there are open-source systems that address some of the primary issues associated with full protocol decoding, there may be a need for additional effort and specialized solutions to efficiently operate and expand the functionality of such systems. Although implementing deep network traffic analysis tools using full protocol decoding requires the use of advanced hardware and software technologies, the benefits of such analysis are significant. This approach provides a more complete understanding of network traffic patterns and enables more effective detection and prevention of cyber-attacks. It also allows for more accurate monitoring of network performance and the identification of potential bottlenecks or other issues that may impact network efficiency. In this article, we also emphasize the importance of system architecture development and implementation to ensure the successful deployment of deep network traffic analysis tools using full protocol decoding. At last, we conducted an experiment where several advanced optimizations were implemented in the system that had already solved primary issues. These optimizations related to working with memory, based on the features of the traffic processing scheme. By results, we evaluated significant performance improvement in solving secondary tasks, described in this work.

Counselling in Itself

The discipline of Mental Health Counseling, referred to in this essay as Counseling, has no substantial philosophy. In the United States, much of Counseling philosophy is rooted in the American Counseling Association’s code of ethics. However, this is a code of material conduct, not a substantial Counseling philosophy, and by this orientation the distinction between doing and the knowledge that informs activity is not understood important. Counseling theories thereby adhere in a third principle that is left to disseminate in foreign powers. This is to say, Counseling is commonly understood as a name for a loose set of theoretical practices bound by ethical standards, that these practices are reckoned to lay apart from one another while all referencing or otherwise answering to psychology. Due to this deferment, the apparent rise of mental health issues could be attributed to a weakening of intentional focus, since psychology, by its own scientific standard, is less a standard of care than an experimental method oriented in discovering and implementing an objective reality through which it then offers corrective protocols. This essay draws upon philosophical efforts more rigorous than a granting of epistemological deferment to propose that Counseling is a practice unto itself, in-itself, of a true substance, concerned, involved with, and related to psychology but not subject to it.

A submersible probe with in-line calibration and a symmetrical reference element for continuous direct nitrate concentration measurements.

Current methods to monitor nitrate levels in freshwater systems are outdated because they require expensive equipment and manpower. Punctual sampling on the field or at a fixed measuring station is still the accepted monitoring procedure and fails to provide real-time estimation of nitrate levels. Continuous information is of crucial importance to evaluate the health of natural aquatic systems, which can strongly suffer from a nitrogen imbalance. We present here a nitrate-selective potentiometric probe to measure the analyte continuously without requiring maintenance or high-power consumption. Owing to a simple design where the sensors are located directly in contact with the sample, the need for constant pump usage is eliminated, requiring just 0.7 mW power per day instead of 184 mW per day and per pump. It is estimated that with this power consumption, the setup can easily run for more than 97 h on four simple Li-ion batteries. A simple in-line one-point calibration step was implemented to allow for drift correction. At the same time, a symmetrical design was used involving a second nitrate probe as a reference electrode placed in the calibrant compartment. This, combined with an in situ calibration step, allows one to quantify nitrate ion concentrations directly, instead of yielding activities. The dependence on ion activity was removed by using the analysed sample spiked with nitrate as the calibrant. This results in essentially the same activity coefficients and additionally reduces junction potentials to a fraction of a millivolt. In addition, a symmetrical reference element served to compensate for fluctuations caused by environmental factors (temperature, convection, etc.) to achieve improved stability and signal reproducibility compared to a traditional Ag/AgCl based reference electrode. The final prototype was deployed in the Arve River in Geneva for 75 h without requiring any intervention. The nitrate levels measured using the symmetrical reference element over this period were estimated at 44.0 ± 3.5 M and agreed well with the values obtained with ion chromatography (38.2 ± 2.1 μM) used as the reference method. Thanks to a modular sensing head the potentiometric sensors can be easily exchanged, making it possible to quantify other types of analytes and leading the way to a new monitoring strategy.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of A New Pigment Correction Cosmetic Protocol in Caucasian Women with Melasma

Melasma is one of the most prevalent acquired pigmentation disorders, especially among women due to its hormonal background. There is a wide variety of therapeutic alternatives available for its treatment given its multifactorial origin and complexity. Cosmetic protocols based on depigmenting agents remain one of the cornerstones of melasma treatment. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new cosmetic pigment correction protocol in the treatment of melasma in Caucasian women. Methods: A single-blind, prospective, single-center study was conducted in 20 women between 25 and 65 years of age, phototypes II-IV with mildmoderate facial melasma. For 90 days patients applied a sunscreen and moisturizing cream in the morning and a pigment correction protocol at night consisting of a skin retinization regime combining two formulations with Retinsphere® technology. (Neoretin DC Ultra emulsion and Neoretin DC transition cream). Treatment results were evaluated by clinical assessment, Observ® photography and non-invasive instrumental measurements such as the erythema and melanin index by Mexameter. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) were recorded, and patients completed both a quality of life questionnaire (MELASQoL) and a subjective evaluation. Results: MASI score was significantly reduced at all study visits, with a significant reduction in the area and severity of melasma already observed at 30 days and a 48% reduction at the end of treatment. In the opinion of the investigator and patients, some degree of improvement was reported in 95% of patients at the end of treatment and neither patients nor the investigator reported worsening of melasma at the end of treatment as compared to baseline. The degree of melasma improvement observed by patients increased progressively and significantly from day 45 onwards, reaching an improvement of almost 70% at the end of the treatment. The adverse effects evaluated, (peeling, erythema, burning, tightness, irritation, and itching) increased gradually, being higher at T45 and T60, coinciding with the greater frequency of application of the formulations. Effects were however transient and in no case reached statistical significance or required treatment discontinuation. Conclusion: The cosmetic pigment correction protocol under study appears to be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of melasma. The retinization regime, which consisted in the gradual application of the more powerful formulation alternated with a transition formulation, made it possible to achieve both efficacy and good tolerability to the therapeutic regimen.

Protocols to induce and study ciliogenesis.

Primary cilia (PC) are sensory organelles that function as cellular antennas, transmitting signals between the extracellular and intracellular spaces in many vertebrate tissues. The cell generates and assembles PC through a highly regulated process called ciliogenesis. This complex process is involved in several physiological functions, including embryonic development, locomotion, cell cycle regulation or energetic homeostasis control. In general, when a cell finishes its cell division, the oldest centriole usually migrates to the plasma membrane and becomes a basal body that gives rise to the formation of a cilium. For this reason, the presence of cilia is incompatible with cell division, so when a cell is going to divide, the cilium and the basal body disappear. Ciliogenesis is triggered by various stimuli, all of them related to cell cycle blockade. This cell cycle, and ciliogenesis induction, can be observed by: (1) the influence of growth factors (lack of serum and consequent inability to promote cell cycle exit and increase the proportion of cells in G0); (2) pharmacological cell cycle inhibitors (staurosporine or etoposide); or (3) physiological cell cycle inhibition (excessive contact between neighboring cells). Evaluation of ciliogenesis induction is vitally important for the study of diseases related to ciliary dysfunction, called ciliopathies. That is why the use of correct protocols for inducing cilia formation and an accurate posterior visualization of the cilia after performing said protocols are essential parts in the study of these diseases. To facilitate this task, here we described detailed protocols to induce ciliogenesis in vitro and visualize PC by immunofluorescence microscopy in cultured cells.

Investigating the Impact of Consensus Algorithm on Scalability in Blockchain Systems

In the current era, blockchain has emerged as one the best and promising technology. All the cryptocurrencies have also gained a lot of popularity around the globe which are based on blockchain technology. Blockchain provides a distributed architecture, in which transactions are verified by different validators using different algorithms and then are stored in distributed ledger. The verification of transactions is done using consensus algorithms which verifies that incoming transaction is correct and reliable by different distributed nodes working in a peer-to-peer network. Consensus algorithms ensure the integrity and security of blockchain. There are various types of consensus algorithms used in blockchain technology which are used depending on the architecture and usage, some of the consensus algorithms are Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS) etc. The Proof of Work algorithm is most widely used across the globe by the community. It is used by many popular cryptocurrency networks like Litecoin and Bitcoin. It requires larger computation power while verifying transactions. The selection of a consensus algorithm is one the most important parts of blockchain, as the consensus mechanism is considered to be the core of a network. It is easier to predict and guarantee the security, reliability, fault tolerance, and recoverability of the system if the correct consensus protocol is selected. A single algorithm can never fulfill all the requirements, there is always a tradeoff in the selection of consensus algorithms. Therefore, it is very important to select the best suited consensus algorithm for the network as the consensus mechanism validates transactions without any third-party platform and prevents malicious activities in the network. This paper investigates the comparison among types of consensus algorithms and their effectiveness and viability.

Callus formation ability in cultivated peanuts (&lt;i&gt;Arachis hypogaea&lt;/i&gt; L.)

Background: Russia is one of the largest peanut importing countries. At the same time, in the south of the country, several zones meet the requirements for peanut cultivation. It is possible to increase the yield of the existing peanut varieties by using modern biotechnology methods, in particular agrobacterial transformation. It is known from the literature data that different peanut genotypes and explants from various sources react differently to in vitro regeneration. Successful regeneration depends on the correct protocol, including both the type of regeneration and the composition of media promoting growth and in vitro induction.Objectives: a technique for obtaining peanut regenerants in in vitro culture.Materials and methods: Eight peanut accessions from the VIR collection of different origin were used in the work. Embryonic explants were grown on Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with the hormone 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).Results and conclusions: As a result of assessing the regenerative ability of peanuts grown on Murashige-Skoog medium with the hormone 2,4-D at a concentration of 2 g/L, differences in the callus formation ability were revealed in different accessions. Those with catalog numbers k-793, k-2054 and k-2055 did not form organogenic calli, while accessions k-698 and k-1987 showed the highest percentage of callus formation from embryonic explants.

Adapting Digital Technologies to Reduce Food Waste and Improve Operational Efficiency of a Frozen Food Company—The Case of Yumchop Foods in the UK

Cold storage is an essential operation for many food products in cold supply chains. The main objective of this kind of storage is to preserve the food products for a certain period of time. However, often due to a lack of accurate technology, humidity and temperature in food storge are not monitored in real-time, which will affect the food quality. At present, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a very popular choice for businesses in food supply chains. This is mainly because of the easy availability of internet, which helps monitor and control the quality of food in storage and transport. In this paper, the experiences of adapting and testing IoT sensors and Big Data technology for reducing food waste in a frozen food manufacturer in the UK are presented. The temperature and humidity monitoring within the operations of this ready-to-eat frozen meal company are also expected to maintain food quality and adhere to legal food safety requirements. Our reflection of experience gained in the installation of the sensors, collecting the data to a cloud server, and conducting data analytics with the data are also described. During the implementation of the technology, the company was able to identify optimal and non-optimal storage conditions for their food products and pre-processed ingredients. This allowed the further development of an alert system and corrective action protocol assisted using the technology installed. Results of the case study evidenced and reported a thorough real-time monitoring system that was able to reduce food waste and assure product quality, which could be applied in different stages of the food supply chain. This case can influence several food businesses to start adapting technology in their routine operations to ensure food quality and safety.