Correct Implementation Research Articles

Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as interpretation legal acts

The article examines the legal nature of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as interpretative legal acts. It is noted that constitutional law-making is a special form (variety) of law-making, which has a multi-level and multi-aspect nature, which is determined by its special nature, essence and functional purpose. Constitutional law-making is a special activity of competent law-making subjects, which is carried out in a special procedural order and is aimed at adopting, changing and canceling the norms of the Basic Law of the state and constitutional acts of law-making. The specificity of the activity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is that it does not administer justice in the direct sense. Its powers include: resolving issues of compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality), laws of Ukraine and other legal acts of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, acts of the President of Ukraine, acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, legal acts of the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea; official interpretation of the Constitution of Ukraine; resolution of questions about the conformity of the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of the laws of Ukraine (their individual provisions) on the constitutional complaint of a person who believes that the law of Ukraine applied in the final court decision in his case contradicts the Constitution of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the legal positions formulated by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine at making decisions are based on the systematic interpretation of constitutional norms in their interrelationship, the systematic and substantive analysis of constitutional provisions. However, the interpretative activity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is broader than the provision of official interpretation of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, it also covers interpretation during the constitutional review of normative acts, public (domestic and international) treaties and during the consideration of constitutional complaints. It was concluded that the interpretive activity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is broader than the provision of official interpretation of constitutional norms, it also covers interpretation during the constitutionality check of normative acts, public (domestic and international) treaties (and during the consideration of constitutional complaints). Interpretative acts are an auxiliary means of constitutional and legal policy, they have a derivative, secondary character in relation to normative and legal acts. However, their role in the activity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is difficult to overestimate, because they are able to ensure the implementation of high-quality constitutional and legal policy in almost all directions of its influence on legal validity. They are entrusted with the function of specifying the legal norms established by the legislator for their correct and effective implementation. As a tool of activity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, interpretative acts are characterized by the following features: they contain confirmation of the results of the interpretation of legal norms; are drawn up in accordance with the rules of legal technique; are accepted in a procedurally determined manner; are mandatory; capable of causing legal consequences.

Deep learning-based label-free imaging of lymphatics and aqueous veins in the eye using optical coherence tomography

We demonstrate an adaptation of deep learning for label-free imaging of the micro-scale lymphatic vessels and aqueous veins in the eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The proposed deep learning-based OCT lymphangiography (DL-OCTL) method was trained, validated and tested, using OCT scans (23 volumetric scans comprising 19,736 B-scans) from 11 fresh ex vivo porcine eyes with the corresponding vessel labels generated by a conventional OCT lymphangiography (OCTL) method based on thresholding with attenuation compensation. Compared to conventional OCTL, the DL-OCTL method demonstrates comparable results for imaging lymphatics and aqueous veins in the eye, with an Intersection over Union value of 0.79 ± 0.071 (mean ± standard deviation). In addition, DL-OCTL mitigates the imaging artifacts in conventional OCTL where the OCT signal modelling was corrupted by the tissue heterogeneity, provides ~ 10 times faster processing based on a rough comparison and does not require OCT-related knowledge for correct implementation as in conventional OCTL. With these favorable features, DL-OCTL promises to improve the practicality of OCTL for label-free imaging of lymphatics and aqueous veins for preclinical and clinical imaging applications.

Optimal synchronization for multi-agent systems: A performance-dependent switching topology

This paper proposes an optimal output synchronization control method for heterogeneous multi-agent systems (HMASs) under a performance-dependent switching topology and DoS attacks. First, local and global switched performance index functions (SPIF) and SPIF-dependent topology switching law are proposed, respectively, thus, the control performance and topology quality can be quantitatively expressed. Second, an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm with mode switching is proposed, aimed at dealing with the difficult Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, as well as the analytical complexity caused by the switching dynamics. The convergence of the switched ADP algorithm is proven to ensure its correct implementation. Then, for different topologies, multi-mode Actor–Critic neural networks (NNs) are built for each agent to calculate optimized control policies and SPIF, respectively. Furthermore, an NN-based state compensation mechanism is designed to expand the applicability of the designed switched ADP algorithm when the leader’s output transmission is unreliable. Finally, the results of numerical examples confirm that the proposed method is feasible.

Characterisation of a customised 4-chip Timepix3 module for charged-particle tracking

Ion-beam radiotherapy is a growing cancer treatment modality because it offers a superior dose distribution in the patient compared with conventional radiotherapy using X-rays. Thanks to their versatility, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) increasingly gain interest for research into ion imaging and ion-beam characterisation. Timepix3 is a hybrid semiconductor pixel detector, which offers nanosecond time binning as well as dead-time-free and noise-free data-driven readout at a pixel pitch of 55µm × 55µm. In this work, a novel 4-chip Timepix3 mini-tracker (quad module) was characterised in a therapeutic proton beam. The quad module has two detection layers equipped with two Timepix3 chips each, which are stacked like a particle telescope at a distance of 20.3mm. In a detection layer, two Timepix3 chips share the same sensitive silicon sensor. The surface area of the silicon sensor is approximately 28mm × 14mm. Apart from the pixels at the chip edges and the masked pixels, the quad module showed a uniform counting response to the mono-energetic proton irradiation without noticeable defects. The measurement accuracy of the energy deposition was found to be better than 1% at 340keV. The synchronisation between the four chips of the quad module showed systematic delays of up to 25ns. When these delays are corrected, the time resolution of the quad module is (1.17 ± 0.03)ns. The time resolution could be further improved with the implementation of a time-walk correction. It is concluded that the quad module fulfils the requirements to be used as a charged-particle tracker in ion-beam radiotherapy. Future testing will focus on the radiation hardness, dose-rate dependence and response to high-LET radiation.

Treating depression at home with transcranial direct current stimulation: a feasibility study.

Treating major depressive disorder (MDD) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) devices at home has various logistic advantages compared to tDCS treatment in the clinic. However, preliminary (controlled) studies showed side effects such as skin lesions and difficulties in the implementation of home-based tDCS. Thus, more data are needed regarding the feasibility and possible disadvantages of home-based tDCS. Ten outpatients (23-69 years) with an acute depressive episode were included for this one-arm feasibility study testing home-based tDCS. All patients self-administered prefrontal tDCS (2 mA, 20 min, anodal left, cathodal right) at home on 30 consecutive working days supported by video consultations. Correct implementation of the home-based treatment was analyzed with tDCS recordings. Feasibility was examined by treatment compliance. For additional analyses of effectiveness, three depression scores were used: Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS-21), Major Depression Inventory (MDI), and the subscale depression of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS). Furthermore, usability was measured with the user experience questionnaire (UEQ). Tolerability was analyzed by the number of reported adverse events (AEs). Eight patients did not stick to the protocol. AEs were minimal. Four patients responded to the home treatment according to the MDI. Usability was judged positive by the patients. Regular video consultations or other safety concepts are recommended regardless of the number of video sessions actually conducted. Home-based tDCS seems to be safe and handy in our feasibility study, warranting further investigation.

Pipelined and Partitionable Forward Error Correction and Cyclic Redundancy Check Circuitry Implementation for PCI Express 6.0 and Compute Express Link 3.0

Pipelined and Partitionable Forward Error Correction and Cyclic Redundancy Check Circuitry Implementation for PCI Express 6.0 and Compute Express Link 3.0

Infection Prevention and Control in Correctional Settings.

Correctional facilities house millions of residents in communities throughout the United States. Such congregate settings are critical for national infection prevention and control (IPC) efforts. Carceral settings can be sites where infectious diseases are detected in patient populations who may not otherwise have access to health care services, and as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, where outbreaks of infectious diseases may result in spread to residents, correctional staff, and the community at large. Correctional IPC, while sharing commonalities with IPC in other settings, is unique programmatically and operationally. In this article, we identify common challenges with correctional IPC program implementation and recommend action steps for advancing correctional IPC as a national public health priority.

Decoding autumn phenology: Unraveling the link between observation methods and detected environmental cues.

Leaf coloring and fall mark the end of the growing season (EOS), playing essential roles in nutrient cycling, resource allocation, ecological interactions, and as climate change indicators. However, understanding future changes in autumn phenology is challenging due to the multitude of likely environmental cues and substantial variations in timing caused by different derivation methods. Yet, it remains unclear whether these two factors are independent or if methodological uncertainties influence the environmental cues determined. We derived start of growing season (SOS) and EOS at a mixed beech forest in Central Germany for the period 2000-2020 based on four different derivation methods using a unique long-term data set of in-situ data, canopy imagery, eddy covariance measurements, and satellite remote sensing data and determined their influence on a predictor analysis of leaf senescence. Both SOS and EOS exhibited substantial ranges in mean onset dates (39.5 and 28.6 days, respectively) across the different methods, although inter-annual variations and advancing SOS trends were similar across methods. Depending on the data, EOS trends were advanced or delayed, but inter-annual patterns correlated well (mean r = .46). Overall, warm, dry, and less photosynthetically productive growing seasons were more likely to be associated with a delayed EOS, while colder, wetter, and more photosynthetically productive vegetation periods resulted in an earlier EOS. In addition, contrary to recent results, no clear influence of pre-solstice vegetation activity on the timing of senescence was detected. However, most notable were the large differences in sign and strength of potential drivers both in the univariate and multivariate analyses when comparing derivation methodologies. The results suggest that an ensemble analysis of all available phenological data sources and derivation methods is needed for general statements on autumn phenology and its influencing variables and correct implementation of the senescence process in ecosystem models.

Quantifying Elastic Properties of Environmental Biofilms using Optical Coherence Elastography.

Biofilms are complex biomaterials comprising a well-organized network of microbial cells encased in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This paper presents a detailed account of the implementation of optical coherence elastography (OCE) measurements tailored for the elastic characterization of biofilms. OCE is a non-destructive optical technique that enables the local mapping of the microstructure, morphology, and viscoelastic properties of partially transparent soft materials with high spatial and temporal resolution. We provide a comprehensive guide detailing the essential procedures for the correct implementation of this technique, along with a methodology to estimate the bulk Young's modulus of granular biofilms from the collected measurements. These consist of the system setup, data acquisition, and postprocessing. In the discussion, we delve into the underlying physics of the sensors used in OCE and explore the fundamental limitations regarding the spatial and temporal scales of OCE measurements. We conclude with potential future directions for advancing the OCE technique to facilitate elastic measurements of environmental biofilms.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГЕЙМІФІКАЦІЇ В ПОПЕРЕДЖЕННІ ДИСЛЕКСІЇ У ДІТЕЙ СТАРШОГО ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

In this article, the use of gamification in the organization of preventive work with children prone to dyslexia is analyzed. The factor that causes dyslexia has been identified, emphasizing the need to promptly identify children at risk and intervene, in order to avoid negative psychosocial consequences during their education. The main achievements of scientists in this field have been summarized. The advantages of using individual elements of gamification for propaedeutic purposes in working with children prone to dyslexia are highlighted, and their description is provided. An algorithm for creating a game mechanism, criteria for selecting digital learning platforms, and developing games based on them are proposed. Considering the variety of available mobile applications and platforms that contribute to the implementation of propaedeutic and developmental goals in working with children with speech disorders, it is stated that they have some disadvantages. Therefore, the main approaches to developing custom digital games on gamified platforms, with the ability to modify their content and tasks, have been considered in such a way that they contribute to the implementation of the goals of corrective and developmental work with children prone to dyslexia. Several variants of such games are proposed as examples. The identified factors that can hinder the achievement of a positive effect of using digital games by a speech therapist in the classroom are discussed, and ways to solve them are explored. The perspective of using digital games in providing remote corrective and developmental assistance to children in conditions of distance learning is indicated. The article also emphasizes the need for speech therapists to possess a sufficient level of digital competence as a guarantee of methodologically correct creation and implementation of digital games into their work with children.

An educational response to the “Prevent duty” in England and Wales

ABSTRACT In 2015, the UK government was the first to introduce a statutory obligation, also known as the “Prevent duty”, on all education institutions, including Higher and Further Education, universities and colleges, in England and Wales, to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism. The duty, promoted by the UK Home Office as another safeguarding measure, acted as an extension to the UK’s Prevent Strategy (CONTEST), first published in 2006. The duty in schools came under scrutiny as national security measures of surveillance and reporting conflict with what education stands for, that is, a space for social, intellectual growth and the formation of one’s identity. There is little literature examining how secondary school teachers attempt to prevent radicalisation through teaching practices. To fill this gap, interviews were carried out with 13 secondary school teachers, teaching different subjects at Key Stage 3/4 in England to investigate their views on what informs their choice of pedagogical methods to prevent radicalisation and how they engage with the curriculum to enact the duty. To contrast teachers’ views, 14 Prevent Practitioners in England were interviewed to examine whether correct interpretation and implementation of the Prevent duty was taking place. Findings show that whilst the duty’s main objective in schools is for teachers to signal and report potential radicalised students, teachers feel that Prevent policy and training requires strengthening to equip them with a sound knowledge of what violent radicalisation entails, and pedagogical tools to help them prevent radicalisation through educational teaching practices and their subject curriculum.

Determining the effect of a floating point on the Falcon digital signature algorithm security

The object of research is digital signatures. The Falcon digital signature scheme is one of the finalists in the NIST post-quantum cryptography competition. Its distinctive feature is the use of floating-point arithmetic. However, floating-point arithmetic has so-called rounding noise, which accumulates during computations and in some cases may lead to significant changes in the processed values. The work considers the problem of using rounding noise to build attacks on implementation. The main result of the study is a novel attack on implementation, which enables the secret key recovery. This attack differs from existing attacks in using two separately secure implementations with different computation orders. As a result of the analysis, the conditions under which secret key recovery is possible were revealed. The attack requires 300,000 signatures and two implementations to recover key. The probability of successful attack ranges from 70 % to 76 %. This probability is explained by the structure of the Gaussian sampling algorithm used in the Falcon digital signature. At the same time, a necessary condition for conducting an attack is identical seed during signature generation. This condition makes the attack more theoretical than practical since the correct implementation of the Falcon makes probability of two identical seeds negligible. However, the possible usage of floating-point noise shows potential existence of additional attack vectors for the Falcon that should be covered in security models. The results could be used in the construction of digital signature security models and their implementation in existing information and communication systems

Satellite-based aerosol optical depth estimates over the continental U.S. during the 2020 wildfire season: Roles of smoke and land cover

Wildfires produce smoke that can affect an area >1000 times the burn extent, with far-reaching human health, ecologic, and economic impacts. Accurately estimating aerosol load within smoke plumes is therefore crucial for understanding and mitigating these impacts. We evaluated the effectiveness of the latest Collection 6.1 MODIS Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm in estimating aerosol optical depth (AOD) across the U.S. during the historic 2020 wildfire season. We compared satellite-based MAIAC AOD to ground-based AERONET AOD measurements during no-, light-, medium-, and heavy-smoke conditions identified using the Hazard Mapping System Fire and Smoke Product. This smoke product consists of maximum extent smoke polygons digitized by analysts using visible band imagery and classified according to smoke density. We also examined the strength of the correlations between satellite- and ground-based AOD for major land cover types under various smoke density levels. MAIAC performed well in estimating AOD during smoke-affected conditions. Correlations between MAIAC and AERONET AOD were strong for medium- (r = 0.91) and heavy-smoke (r = 0.90) density, and MAIAC estimates of AOD showed little bias relative to ground-based AERONET measurements (normalized mean bias = 3 % for medium, 5 % for heavy smoke). During two high AOD, heavy smoke episodes, MAIAC underestimated ground-based AERONET AOD under mixed aerosol (i.e., smoke and dust; median bias = −0.08) and overestimated AOD under smoke-dominated (median bias = 0.02) aerosol. MAIAC most overestimated ground-based AERONET AOD over barren land (mean NMB = 48 %). Our findings indicate that MODIS MAIAC can provide robust estimates of AOD as smoke density increases in coming years. Increased frequency of mixed aerosol and expansion of developed land could affect the performance of the MAIAC algorithm in the future, however, with implications for evaluating wildfire-associated health and welfare effects and air quality standards.

Digital Referendum - Effective Modeling of Public Administration in Georgia

State management in its content is a complex and at the same time dynamic process. The second half of the 20th century can be considered the initial period of management transformation and establishment of governance structures.
 Governance based on democratic principles is based on a number of fundamental principles, the correct implementation of which is the most important prerequisite for the establishment of democratic institutions. One such important democratic process is the referendum.
 In Europe, the practice of referendum is most established in Switzerland, which is governed by a system of direct democracy. Accordingly, in order to solve problematic issues, citizens in Switzerland take part in both regional and national referendums, which are undoubtedly democratic in content and respond to the fundamental principles of modern public administration.
 In Georgia, where there is little experience in holding a referendum, the implementation of a digital referendum is the latest challenge, which will be an important step in the way of the country's European integration. The involvement of citizens in the solution of important issues for the state allows the so-called possibility of communication between society and government. It eliminates "black holes" and ensures the reduction of conflicts between them. Of course, all the positive results of the referendum depend on how fairly and objectively it will be conducted.
 Thus, one of the important challenges of the digitalization of the public administration of Georgia is the digital referendum, the implementation and development of which is an effective step on the way of the state development of Georgia and as a result ensures the acceleration of the country's institutional and European integration processes.
 In the era of digital governance, it is necessary to develop new approaches to state intervention in all spheres of public life and public service delivery systems in order to optimally respond to the needs of citizens. Analysis and comparison methods are mainly used in the work, proposals are given in the direction of improving the provision of public services in connection with the electronic referendum.

Fostering Prisoners in the Correctional System in Indonesia

The correctional system is an order regarding the direction and limits and ways of fostering correctional prisoners based on Pancasila, which is carried out in an integrated manner between the coach, the fostered, and the community to improve the quality of correctional prisoners so that they realize their mistakes, improve themselves, and do not repeat criminal acts so that they can be accepted back by the community, can actively participate in development, and can live reasonably as good and responsible citizens. However, the quality of the implementation of the correctional system is not optimal and is still in the public spotlight. The suboptimal implementation of the correctional system has an impact on the quality of treatment of detainees and prisoners, as well as the emergence of tactical problems that then surface. Various problems such as riots in prisons, drug trafficking networks controlled from within prisons, the growth of radical ideas, service discrimination, overcrowded, and others are very disturbing in achieving the objectives of the correctional system. This research is normative juridical in nature. This research focuses on examining the application of rules or norms in terms of theoretical, principles, conceptions, legal doctrines and the content of positive legal rules. The approaches used in this research and dissertation research are conceptual approach, statute approach, comparative approach and case approach. The results of this research, the development of prisoners can be through policy programs that include, assimilation and social reintegration. In addition, also through revitalization. Revitalization of Correctional Implementation is an effort to optimize the implementation of the correctional as a form of treatment of detainees, prisoners and clients as well as protection of ownership rights to evidence.

Strategi Menyusun Manajemen Keuangan dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

Educational financial management plays a crucial role in Islamic Education Institutions. Therefore, a strategy is necessary for the survival and development of these institutions. The relationship between educational institutions and financial management is inseparable. This research employs the library research method and gathers data from Mendeley, Publish or Perish, and Google Scholar applications. During the research process, researchers will analyse case studies, implementation examples, and financial reports from previous educational institutions. They will also analyse policies and regulations related to financial management in educational institutions that are implemented in various settings. The aim of this research is to provide a solution for achieving the goals of Islamic Education Institutions by improving their financial management system. The research findings indicate that effective educational financial management strategies are not only based on the principles of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling, but also require human resources with both professional competence and a correct understanding and implementation of Islamic law, from an Islamic perspective. It is important to note that Islamic rules are more intricate than scientific discoveries.

Empowering Elderly Through Productive Elderly Exercise Program and Creative Industry Training Based Oon Local Wisdom in Kenagarian Sariak, Sungai Pua District, Agam Regency

The area targeted by PKM is Nagari Sariak, Sungai Pua District, Agam Regency, which has a fairly large elderly population. As for the partner's problems: (1) The activities at the elderly posyandu are classified as monotonous so there is a lack of interest in participants coming, the posyandu activities are only reflected in the process of checking the health of the elderly, for example in weighing, checking blood pressure, sometimes also checking cholesterol and uric acid. There is still a lack of activities aimed at improving physical fitness and exercise for the elderly, which until now is rarely done. This is also due to the lack of competent infrastructure to provide counseling and training in order to create a physically and spiritually healthy society. Activities at Posyandu are less varied and there is no special emphasis for elderly participants in carrying out exercise. Therefore, it is necessary to provide counseling and training about physical fitness, especially exercise for the elderly. The target to be achieved is an understanding of 1) sports, especially exercise for the elderly, as well as the proper and correct implementation of exercise for the elderly. Meanwhile, the second problem (2), concerns employment, especially for the elderly without potential, most of whom are elderly who are no longer working even though they still want to work. Some elderly people are still less productive, which has the consequence of reduced income which can lead to elderly poverty. activities through Training of Trainers (TOT) by providing material through lectures, then continued with direct practice. The results achieved are an increase in the level of health, physical fitness and increased knowledge and skills of elderly people in the field of crafts

A density-fitting implementation of the density-based basis-set correction method.

This work reports an efficient density-fitting implementation of the density-based basis-set correction (DBBSC) method in the MOLPRO software. This method consists in correcting the energy calculated by a wave-function method with a given basis set by an adapted basis-set correction density functional incorporating the short-range electron correlation effects missing in the basis set, resulting in an accelerated convergence to the complete-basis-set limit. Different basis-set correction density-functional approximations are explored and the complementary-auxiliary-basis-set single-excitation correction is added. The method is tested on a benchmark set of reaction energies at the second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) level and a comparison with the explicitly correlated MP2-F12 method is provided. The results show that the DBBSC method greatly accelerates the basis convergence of MP2 reaction energies, without reaching the accuracy of the MP2-F12 method but with a lower computational cost.

Analytical performance specifications for combined uncertainty budget in the implementation of metrological traceability.

In addition to the correct implementation of calibration traceability, the definition and fulfillment of maximum allowable measurement uncertainty (MAU) are essential in assuring that laboratory measurements are clinically usable. Across the entire calibration hierarchy, three major contributors to the measurement uncertainty (MU) budget are identified, starting with the higher-order reference providers, extending through the in vitro diagnostic (IVD) manufacturers and their processes for assigning calibrator values, and ending with medical laboratories generating the random variability of results reported to clinicians. To understand if it is possible to achieve MAU and, consequently, to fix the possible drawbacks, the definition of combined MU budget limits across the entire calibration hierarchy has a central role. In particular, quality specifications for MU of reference and commercial calibrator materials should be defined according to the MAU on clinical samples. All involved stakeholders (i.e., higher-order reference providers, IVD manufacturers, medical laboratories) should be prepared to improve their performance whenever the clinical application of the test is made questionable by the failure to achieve MAU.

The impotance of the follow-up deparments of the clinical perinatal center

This paper presents data on the implementation of long-term medical monitoring, correction and prevention of specific disorders characteristic of children born with extremely low body weight (ELBW), very low body weight (VLBW) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Monitoring and analyzing the treatment results and subsequent development of these children plays an important role in providing them with the best medical care and quality rehabilitation. Regular monitoring and correction of body weight are important to prevent developmental delays and improve psycho-neurological indicators in the future. The long-term experience of the catemnesis department is reflected and the positive aspects of its work are indicated. The main diseases and problems that parents of premature babies may encounter are also noted.