Correct Design Research Articles

Exploring the energy harvest of droplet flow over inducted film for the rainy-shiny solar panel application

An equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) based on transient pseudo-capacitive and electrostatic induction is established to understand the operating mechanism using voltage-time curve decomposition. All relative parameters including top electrode dimension and the instantaneous droplet area variation are used to demonstrate our droplet-base electricity generation (DEG) mechanism and illustrate the principle of the reverse voltage. Moreover, the Debye length concept is introduced to explain charge density at the interface between ionic droplet and the PTFE surface by various ion concentrations and valent number solutions. This work provides insightful and valuable perspective to explain the exponential decay of output voltage by instantaneous droplet area variation during leaving away from the PTFE surface. Moreover, the multi-functions of fluorinated ethylene propylene film coating on the solar panel by correct circuit design can improve 30% which is novel concept at rainy days alternated with dry ones.

Optimizing the use of a gas diffusion electrode setup for CO2 electrolysis imitating a zero-gap MEA design

The lack of a robust and standardized experimental test bed to investigate the performance of catalyst materials for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) is one of the major challenges in this field of research. To best reproduce and mimic commercially relevant conditions for catalyst screening and testing, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setups attract rising attention as an alternative to conventional aqueous-based setups such as the H-cell configuration. Zero-gap electrolyzer designs show promising features for upscaling to the commercial scale. In this study, we scrutinize further our recently introduced “zero-gap GDE” setup or more correct half-cell MEA design for the CO2RR. Using an Au electrocatalyst as a model system we simulate the anode conditions in a zero-gap electrolyzer and identify/report the key experimental parameters to control the catalyst layer preparation to optimize the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. Among others, it is demonstrated that supported Au nanoparticles (NPs) result in significantly higher current densities when compared to unsupported counterparts, however, the supporting also renders the NPs prone to agglomeration during electrolysis.

The European regions in the global value chains: New results with new data

AbstractThis article contains the methodology and main results related to the update and extension of the widest interregional input–output tables for the entire EU27, UK and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries. This work continues the outstanding effort developed in the past years regarding the estimation and analysis of different multiregional input–output (MRIO) databases at the country level (world input–output database, EXIOBASE, ICIO, FIGARO, etc.) and the MRIO tables developed for the European Union (EU) at the NUTS2 level. The main contribution consists of updating and extending the current EUREGIO collection to obtain a EUREGIO table for 2017, which will be referred (NUTS‐2 Rev.2016) for all the EU27 + UK + EFTA countries and will be embedded in the new FIGARO multicountry 2017. Such effort was developed in the context of the ESPON‐IRIE project. This article summarises the methodology used and compares the results obtained with the ones of the main benchmarks, providing an analysis of the national and regional participation in the global value chains (GVCs). The main results suggest that, on average, 65% of value added is embodied in the goods and services sold to the same NUTS‐2 region, 16% is embodied in the ones sold to regions in the same country and the remaining 20% is exported (to other countries). Exploring the heterogeneity within these figures can also be seen that the variety is higher across regions than across sectors. Our analysis suggests that, to a large extent, the heterogeneous participation of EU27 + UK + EFTA regions in the GVCs is explained by their sectoral structure more than by the regional idiosyncratic characteristics. Such results open the floor for the correct design of industrial policies, embedded in the smart specialisation paradigm.

Two-dimensional numerical analysis on the rock/bolt interaction considering shear and normal relative displacements

Fully-grouted passive bolts are widely used in underground or surface rock excavations and in particular in stabilizing potentially unstable blocks of rock due to sliding on natural discontinuities. Their operating mechanism is complex, but it is possible to consider two stabilizing forces that each bolt applies to the block of rock. These forces depend on the mechanical parameters governing the bolt-rock interaction, which are difficult to evaluate. In this work, specific numerical analyses have been developed, able of evaluating the bolt-rock interaction (in shear and perpendicular to the interface that separates them) for numerous cases that were obtained by varying the main geometric parameters of the bolt, the mechanical properties of the binder material and rock. Thanks to this complex study, it was possible to describe the variability of the interaction parameters and to define, through graphs, the trend of the stabilization forces as the main geometric and mechanical parameters that can be encountered in practice change. The graphs obtained are a useful tool for the correct design of fully-grouted passive bolts and the stabilization of potentially unstable rock blocks on the walls of underground cavities or on the faces of surface excavations.

Passive Design Strategies in Focus: Implications of Climate Change on New Buildings and Renovations

Abstract Climate change is happening, and there is a general consensus that measures to drastically reduce emissions must be taken. Nevertheless, its implications on new buildings and renovations are not fully understood yet. Bioclimatic building design is based on the knowledge of passive design strategies potential for a location. However, traditionally used passive strategies may no longer be the correct design approach in the future. A methodological contribution for the assessment of the influence of climate change on passive building strategies in temperate climates is presented. Based on the top priority Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios of the 6th assessment report (AR6) the shared socio-economic pathways (SSP) and their equivalences with the prior representative concentration pathways (RCP), the effects of climate change on different cooling and heating strategies are examined for a continental temperate-cold desert climate with significant daily and annual variation. The results are integrated directly into a selected case study with the intention of exemplifying a concrete application. The findings of this study showed that the shading season is expanding even toward the transitional months, such as April and October. Future climate-adapted buildings in temperate climatic zones will have to confront overheating. Moreover, in the particular studied case, present and future total energy requirements seem similar and variations are perceived as low between scenarios. The main discussion focuses on the type of energy required that will turn from natural gas (net to primary energy conversion factor = 1.25) to electricity (net to primary energy conversion factor = 3.30).

Field-oriented control drive circuit design

Field-oriented control drive circuits, as a new type of control method recently, are different from the traditional control principle of electronic speed controllers and have gradually started to be used in large numbers in recent years. The correct design of the circuit and the implementation of the algorithm to realize precise control of the brushless motor is a question worth investigating. The research purpose of this paper is to design a field-oriented drive circuit to drive a brushless motor with the smallest possible size and the largest possible load to improve performance and usability. Based on the current design of the field-oriented control drive circuits, the author has selected the right microprogrammed control Unit and algorithm to improve the practicality and performance of the field-oriented control drive circuits. Finally, a few advantages of this field-oriented control drive circuits are summarized. The conclusion of this research is that the brushless motor can be controlled precisely by a simple operation. However, the cost is that the algorithm design is more complicated.

SUGGESTIONS FOR CALCULATION OF RELATIVE STRAIN OF THE TOTAL SHRINKAGE OF EXPANDED CLAY CONCRETE

The article provides an analytical review of studies on the shrinkage strain development of expanded clay concrete, based on which it was established that a significant factor is the local raw material base. It means that for each region it is important to accumulate experimental data and correct design models for the analytical determination of the total shrinkage strain. In this regard, the task of the study was to develop suggestions for calculating the relative strain of the total shrinkage of expanded clay concrete, made on the basis of the local raw material base. Predicated on the results of the study and according to the provisions of SP 5.03.01 and Eurocode 2, the improved model for the analytical determination of the values of relative strain of the total shrinkage of structural expanded clay concrete was developed. The proposed model takes into account the value of cement activity as a determining factor of the cement stone strength, and it takes into account the water-cement ratio and the coarse aggregate volume. The proposed design model makes it possible to determine with sufficient accuracy the value of the relative strain of the total shrinkage of expanded clay concrete at the age of 28 to 120 days.

Digital Learning Technology Usage and Teaching Effectiveness of Business Educators in Nigeria’s South-South Universities

All subjects may be taught well, but a big part of it is how the instructor uses technology to make learning beneficial for the learners. This study investigated the extent to which digital learning technologies’ usage influences the teaching effectiveness of business educators in Nigeria’s South-South universities. Two specific objectives were established and two null hypotheses were tested. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Relevant literature was reviewed. The study adopted a predictive correctional research design. The study participants were 170 business educators from twelve universities in South-South Nigeria. No sample was drawn because the population was manageable. Data was generated using a 24-item Likert scale questionnaire called the "Digital Learning Technologies and Teaching Effectiveness Questionnaire (DLTTEQ). Seven experts from the University of Calabar validated the DLTTEQ. The study’s assumptions were evaluated using simple linear regression. The use of virtual reality simulation and teleconferencing by business educators in Nigeria’s South-South universities was found to significantly predict their teaching effectiveness. Sequel to the research findings, the study recommends that the national government should foster simulation-based education by building a digital learning environment appropriate for Business Education. The insights of this study call for the implementation of international best practices in order to help learners and instructors transition from digital immigrants to electronic natives.

Development of a Pre-Diagnosis Procedure for the Evaluation of Indoor Radon Potential in Buildings

Indoor radon accumulation is considered the main source of human exposure to ionizing radiation. Depending on the average radon level, indoor long-term exposure can significantly increase the risk of lung cancer onset. The publication of international regulations on the protection of human health the exposure of ionizing radiation, defining threshold values over whom health consequences for occupants could be expected, led to the control and testing of radon levels in workplaces and premises using multiple techniques and approaches. In particular, since the main source of radon is soil, many efforts have been done for the redaction of maps of the geogenic potential risk, as well as the definition of proper measurement standards and techniques for indoor monitoring. Radon maps, based on geology and measurements of radon and/ or the natural radioactive content in the soil, constitute an evaluable tool for decision-making authorities in radon policies giving the possibility to characterize areas for radon risk where indoor radon measurements are not available. But, of course, they are not completely descriptive of the potential risk, so indoor monitoring in buildings is also required. The correct design of an indoor monitoring campaign is a crucial topic.. Scientific literature has largely demonstrated that many site-specific features influence the accumulation process, as well as most building materials represent a significant source, after the soil. The preliminary complete investigation in buildings should be properly defined since radiation safety in a situation of radon exposure completely ensured during the building's construction and maintenance phases as well as during the selling/rental ones. So, the aim of this work is to put the basis for the development of a pre-diagnosis procedure as a tool for the screening of buildings susceptible to high indoor radon activity concentrations. The work represents a very early stage of implementation of a qualitative method for the design of a measurement campaign for the indoor radon assessment. A pre-evaluation selection of the variables that play a leading role in the accumulation process is presented. A prior survey, based on evidence in scientific literature, was done to identify all relevant characteristics that most affect indoor radon levels, mainly concerning local geology, building features, ventilation, and occupancy factors. The selected parameters, classified into levels according to defined indicators and then combined, allow a more refined sample selection for measurements campaign in the indoor radon assessment process. Future development will be oriented to the validation of case studies and the implementation of the procedure in a software environment which will be the first tool available to systematize and regulate the radon monitoring process for short-term decision-making.

Yağlı tip transformatörde termal&yapısal analiz

In this paper, a 1600 kVA transformer tank model is used for oil temperature rise in hermetically sealed transformer and based on this model, oil pressure increases and resulted mechanical stresses in the tank are calculated. These calculations are investigated according to strength, cooling, and construction approaches of tank with the corrugated wall and analyzed its effect in design using ANSYS@FLUENT and ANSYS@MECHANICAL combination simulation software based on Finite Element Method. Temperature distribution and thermal limitations are critical to correct design. Temperatures exceeding the permissible thermal limits can cause serious damage to transformer components. On the other hand, a tested prototype tank is determined to compare the numerical, analyzed, and experimental values. However according to the results, the stress distributions are occurred at the critical connection points, indicating that the strength of the transformer is not good against another extra load.

Isotopic identification of groundwater circulation and mixing in the Legnica-Głogów Copper District mines

Identification of the conditions of circulation, mixing, origin and age of groundwater in the area of underground mining plants is necessary for the correct design of drainage systems, directions of mining exploitation and intensity of mining works. For this purpose, isotopic studies were carried out in the mines of the Legnica-Głogów Copper District (LGCD) in Poland, characterized by complex hydrogeological conditions. The observed values of δ2H, δ18O and concentrations of tritium, as well as chlorides, sulfates and main cations in 29 water samples taken from different lithostratigraphic levels (and a few historical results) were used to explain the spatial variability of the origin of groundwater flowing into the mines. A model of groundwater mixing in the mining area of the LGCD was developed. The results of the research indicate that, depending on the region, the LGCD mines contain Holocene and/or interglacial waters, pre-Quaternary waters as well as older waters, recharged in period of very warm climate - flowing into the mining workings from deeper geological strata. Isotopic studies together with the chloride content measurements confirmed the correctness of the conceptual model of groundwater circulation within the mines. Their results will be useful in further elaboration of the strategy related to dewatering and designing further mining activities.

Adaptation Strategies for Enhancing Sustainable Smallholder Dairy Cattle Productivity under the Regime of Climate Change in Bungoma County, Kenya

The study evaluated adaptation strategies for enhancing sustainable dairy cattle herd productivity under the present of climate change scenario. The study was conducted in three selected Sub Counties of Bungoma County that is Tongaren, Mt. Elgon, and Kimilili, Sub Counties with estimated total population of 900 smallholders. A cross-sectional, correction and evaluation research designs was used to provide an accurate portrayal of the characteristics of the respondents. A sample size of 415 respondents was used and served with questionnaires to solicit their responses. A review of empirical reports, interviews of key stakeholders, NGOs, professionals in the Kenya Metrological Department as well as ministry of agriculture was used to compliment data gathered through questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. From the results farmers use the following adaptation strategies as a matter of priority of strategies to enhance productivity; - growing of early maturing and drought resistant crops varieties. Making silage and preserving of farm residues for dry spells. Farmers are collaborating with veterinary officers during breeding so as to improve on the quality of cows kept. This study recommends to all stakeholder to formulate policies to empower farmers to effectively adapt to climate change and variability for enhancing smallholder dairy cattle herd productivity in the county.

A Novel Developed Supervised Machine Learning System For Classification And Prediction of Software Faults Using NASA Dataset

The software systems of modern computers are extremely complex and versatile. Therefore, it is essential to regularly detect and correct software design faults. In order to devote resources effectively towards the creation of trustworthy software, software companies are increasingly engaging in the practise of predicting fault-prone modules in advance of testing. These software fault prediction methods rely on the thoroughness with which prior software versions' fault as well as related code has been retrievedTime, energy, and money are all saved as a result. Increases the company's initial success and bottom line greatly by satisfying its clientele. Numerous academics have poured into this area throughout the years in an effort to raise the bar for all software. Nowadays, The most often used approaches in this field are those based on machine learning (ML). The field of ML seeks to perfect software capable of evolving as well as adapting in response to fresh data. This paper introduces a fresh approach for doing ML by bringing together a number of different expert systems. In order to reach agreement on which aspects of a software system need to be tested, the proposed multi-classifier model pools the strengths of the most effective classifiers. Several top-performing classifiers for defect prediction are put through their paces in an experiential evaluation. We test our method on 16 publicly available datasets from the NASA Metric Data Programme (MDP) repository at the promise repository. Parameters of confusion, recall, precision, recognition accuracy, etc., are evaluated and contrasted with existing schemes in a software analysis performed with the help of the python simulation tool with findings. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that by combining LGBM, XGBoost, and Voting classifiers, using a multi classifier approach, we are capable to significantly improve software fault prediction performance. The results of the investigation show that the suggested method will lead to better practical outcomes in the prediction of device failures.

Dual-mode LiDAR SoC with an on-chip interframe filter and common optical platform design for keystone correction and auto-focus.

This paper presents an innovative methodology that incorporates direct time-of-flight technology into intelligent sensing for projectors, along with a lightweight, dual-mode optically integrated LiDAR system. The proposed LiDAR system-on-chip, which utilizes a single-photon avalanche diode and time to digital converter with 0.13µm bipolar CMOS DMOS technology, integrates an on-chip interframe filter, a common optical platform design, and a lightweight keystone correction assist algorithm. This comprehensive integration enables the system to achieve a measurement range of 11m with 1% relative precision (simulations indicate the potential to achieve 30m) in auto-focus mode. Additionally, it facilitates high frame-per-second keystone correction within a range of ±30∘ with an error of ±2∘ under illumination conditions of 20klux.

Optimal design of triangular side orifice using multi-objective optimization NSGA-II.

Triangular orifices are widely used in industrial and engineering applications, including fluid metering, flow control, and measurement. Predicting discharge through triangle orifices is critical for correct operation and design optimization in various industrial and engineering applications. Traditional approaches like empirical equations have accuracy and application restrictions, whereas computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be computationally costly. Alternatively, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as a successful solution for predicting discharge through orifices. They offer a dependable and efficient alternative to conventional techniques for estimating discharge coefficients, especially in intricate relationships between input parameters and discharge. In this study, ANN models were created to predict discharge through the triangle orifice and velocity at the downstream of the main channel, and their effectiveness was assessed by comparing the performance with the earlier models proposed by researchers. This paper also proposes a novel hybrid multi-objective optimization model (NSGA-II) that uses genetic algorithms to discover the best values for design parameters that maximize discharge and downstream velocity simultaneously.

The White Room as a Narrative-Psychological Concept in a VideoGame

Based on the ambiguity of the idea of the object of study complexity - videogames, the need to analyze them through the prism of several approaches, the subject of the study was an attempt to create a relatively universal narrative-psychological concept, which we called the "White Room". The universality of this concept lies in its applicability to various game contexts, however, this universality does not entail stereotypes, but implies the need to take into account three components when designing this concept in a game scenario: space, consciousness and simulacra. Space is where the game action takes place, consciousness is the game experience, the perception of the game process, simulacra - everything that fills the game world (objects, players, etc.), depending on the context, determines the interpretation of game events. Scientific novelty lies in the creation of a new narrative-psychological concept, which is based on the ideas of related disciplines and can be used for a wide range of tasks when creating a narrative video game design. The specificity of the concept of the White Room lies in the compositionally correct design of the space and the regulation of the game experience, its imposition on incoherent game scenes, the choice of the right simulacra, which are determined by the game context. The white room can act as the starting setting of the world, the setting, the creation of the world, the place of "psychological relief", self-digging, memories of the past to understand yourself today, the climactic scene, the whole game can also take place in it.

Potential of agrivoltaics systems into olive groves in the Mediterranean region

Agrivoltaics systems have emerged as an approach to alleviate competition for land use between food and energy production. Conducting a thorough analysis of the impact that shading from PV modules can have on crops is crucial for the correct design of the system, as excessive shading can lead to important crop yield reductions. This paper focuses on integrating agrivoltaics systems within super-intensive olive groves in the Mediterranean region. A dual model is used to calculate the suitable transparency of PV modules, representing the area not occupied by PV cells. This model customizes the results based on the site's meteorological parameters and the photosynthetic light-response curve of the olive cultivar. The results indicate that transparency levels vary between 0.57 and 0.71, with the lowest values observed in locations with higher solar radiation, such as Egypt and Tunisia. Using these transparency values and typical 20%-efficiency monocrystalline silicon modules, the annual average energy generation per m2 in the selected locations is 65.9 kWh. Another finding reveals that optimizing the model by considering only the months corresponding to the olive growth cycle can reduce the required transparency, thereby increasing the installed PV capacity by up to 3.5%. Furthermore, the potential deployment of these systems is evaluated in terms of installed PV capacity, energy generation, CO2 emissions and job creation. The calculations show that installing agrivoltaics systems into 1% of the total olive surface area in the Mediterranean region would: (i) result in a 2.5% increase in the global PV capacity, (ii) generate 1.8% of the current electricity demand in the selected Mediterranean countries, (iii) avoid the emissions of 4 Mt. (CO2) per year, and (iv) create around 560,000 jobs.

Strategic Planning and Business Sustainability of SMEs in Kigezi Sub-Region Uganda

This study looked at how strategic planning affected business sustainability of small and medium-sized businesses in Uganda. A Kigezi sub-regional case. Utilizing a correctional sectional study design, the investigation was conducted. The study's use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches allowed it to evaluate the relationship between the factors it was examining. A sample of 105 respondents was selected using simple random selection and purposive sampling techniques. The quantitative and qualitative data from the respondents were analyzed using SPSS Version 23.0 and theme analysis, respectively. Tables providing quantitative results in the form of descriptive statistics, correlations, and regressions were presented based on the study's goals. The study found a significant association between strategic planning and the long-term viability of SMEs' businesses (r =.789, P.01). The research's findings and analyses indicate a strong relationship between strategic planning and SMEs' ability to remain competitive in the Kigezi sub-region. According to the study, the majority of respondents said that long-term success for SMEs was strongly impacted by strategic planning. According to the study, SMEs should focus on strategic planning for business longevity if they want to successfully continue their businesses.

Studies on EU-DEMO 3D coils requirements and conceptual design for error field correction and plasma control

This work presents the initial studies on the requirements for the design of 3D coils on EU-DEMO. The use of 3D coils in present machines includes two main purposes: the first one is the Error Field Correction (EFC). The EFC aims at minimizing the intrinsic non-axisymmetric fields in the machine. Fulfilling the requirements is evaluated with the minimization of residual error fields, both in vacuum and with plasma response. The second purpose relates to the application of 3D fields to control the plasma. The first of these control functions includes the manipulation of the locked neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) phase, and their positioning in front of the electron cyclotron antennae, for optimum stabilization. A second function is the application of 3D perturbation of the plasma edge to suppress ELMs. As the fastest required time constant of the applied 3D fields is comparable or longer with respect to that of the vacuum vessel, ex-vessel coils can be considered. Another constraint considered is that the 3D fields applied do not generate 3D power exhaust effects, such as divertor lobes, that jeopardize the protection of the machine divertor/wall. This constriant is met in the finding of this work, in the case considered of the ELMs suppression. The aim of this study is to assess if one set of coils could be designed that fulfills all these purposes/functions. The results show that, by using ITER tolerances for the TF, CS and PF coils, all these functions on EFC (using the overlap criterion assumption, which includes the plasma response), NTM phase control and ELMs suppression can be met with the proposed design of one row of ex vessel coils. An additional activity has started to study if the non-resonant perturbations generated by this set of coils could lead to detrimental effects via neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque. Preliminary considerations on the coil technology, are also presented, with no showstopper found in this preliminary phase.

Towards a model of human-cyber–physical automata and a synthesis framework for control policies

Advances in research and increasing applications of Cyber–Physical Systems (CPSs) show the need to consider factors of humans in the loop. This has led to the growing research focus on Human-Cyber–Physical Systems (HCPSs). In general, humans in an HCPS interact with both the cyber and physical systems, as well as among the humans themselves. For a better understanding, correct design, development, operation, and maintenance of HCPSs, a computational theory based on a computational model is required. This paper presents our initial work towards a model of human-cyber–physical automata (HCPA). We consider an HCPS as a combination of a human-physical system (HPS) and a CPS in which the control switches between the humans and the machines. We define an HCPA by connecting the automaton of the HPS and the automaton of the CPS through a switch control automaton. The switch control automaton makes switching decision in some critical states shared by the HPS and the CPS. Our theorem shows that the control switching between the HPS and the CPS increases the probability of satisfying a given property. We model the behaviour of a human in specified applications or even in carry out specific tasks, instead of general human intelligence. Therefore, a human can make mistakes to decision making and thus it is a probabilistic automaton with learning ability. The switching between the human and the machine is modelled by an oracle. The oracle learns about the human behaviour, the machine behaviour, as well as the environment to make the control decisions. To generate the control policies of the human and the oracle, we propose a synthesis framework to maximize the probability of the satisfaction of a property specified in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) by the HCPA. We present a prototype implementation of the framework by extending the model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm and model-free deep-RL algorithm, and our experiment shows that our synthesis framework is effective in obtaining switch policies.