Correct Definition Research Articles

Findings on Ad Hoc Contractions

Abbreviations are often overlooked, since their frequency and acceptance are almost second nature in everyday communication. Business names, handwritten notes, online messaging, professional domains, and different languages all have their own set of abbreviations. The abundance and frequent introduction of new abbreviations cause multiple areas of overlaps and ambiguity, which mean documents often lose their clarity. We reverse engineered the process of creating these ad hoc abbreviations and revealed some preliminary statistics on what makes them easier or harder to define. In addition, we generated candidate definitions for which it proved difficult for a word sense disambiguation model to select the correct definition.

Quality by Design: Development of Safe and Efficacious Full-Thickness Acellular Dermal Matrix Based on EuroGTPII Methodologies.

The activities of tissue establishments are constantly and rapidly evolving. The development of a new type of allograft, full-thickness acellular dermal matrix, with high mechanical properties to be used in tendon repair surgeries and abdominal wall reconstruction, has determined the need for quality by design process in order to assess evidence of quality, safety and efficacy. The EuroGTPII methodologies were specifically tailored to perform the risk assessment, identify and suggest tests in order to mitigate the potential risk consequences of a novel tissue preparation implementation. The new allograft and associated preparation processes were assessed using the EuroGTP methodologies and characterized to properly evaluate the novelty (Step 1), identify and quantify the potential risks and risk consequences (Step 2), and define the extent of pre-clinical and clinical assessments required to mitigate the risks identified in the assessment (Step 3). Four risk consequences associated with the preparation process were identified: (i) implant failure related with tissue procurement and the reagents used during the decellularization protocol; (ii) unwanted immunogenicity related with the processing; (iii) disease transmission linked with the processing, reagents used, reduction in the reliability of microbiology testing and the storage conditions; and (iv) toxicity related to the reagents used and handling of the tissue during clinical application. The outcome of the risk assessment was a low level of risk. Nevertheless, it determined the need for a series of risk mitigation strategies proposed to reduce each individual risk and to provide additional evidence of the safety and efficacy of full-thickness acellular dermal matrix grafts. EuroGTPII methodologies allow us to identify the risks and ensure the correct definition of pre-clinical assessments required to address and mitigate the potential risk consequences, before proceeding with clinical use of the new allografts in patients.

A new approach to the definitions and relationships between evolution science, basic sciences and mathematics

In the literature, there is also a lot of information and misconceptions about science, mathematics, evolution, the theory of evolution, and the science of evolution. However, there is no tidy and sufficient information about the definitions, and relationships between these concepts. These confusing reasons led me to do this research. Our information about the relationships between the concepts of science, mathematics, evolution science, creature, being and wisdom seems to have misconceptions and confusion. To clarify these, the definitions and relations of these concepts carefully studied from literature sources. Since the original definitions and relationships of these basic concepts were not made correctly, the concepts caused misunderstandings. Just as there are clear and accurate definitions of Cell, Cell Theory and Cell Science. The same logic carried out and used in concepts related to evolution science. Some concepts may have more than one correct definition. New original definitions and relationships of these concepts have been proposed to contribute to education. Math is the main face of science that expresses all the knowledge, events, facts, processes, creatures and relationships in science with symbols, writing, equations, sets and shapes. No branch of science can work without mathematics. If we accept science as a body, math is like its heart. However, mathematics can work alone without the need for other disciplines. Therefore, mathematics is like the heart of science and the common denominator of the sum of all other branches of science. Based on this logic, all branches of science except mathematics constitute the natural, cultural and life interface of science. The evolutionary interface of science expresses the real- life story of all the changes in science. What is the common denominator of the positions, definitions and relationships of mathematics, evolution and science? What are the relationships between the concepts of being and creature and science, mathematics, evolution science and wisdom? The answers to these questions has been the solution to our problem sentences.

Целевая аудитория предпринимательского проекта и анализ способов ее определения в рамках проектной деятельности

The correct and detailed definition of the target audience contributes to the success of the business project. Despite the fact that today they distinguish innovative entrepreneurial projects separately, calling them start-ups, competition in the market requires that they be innovative a priori. Considering that the life span of such projects in Russia is an average of three years, it is advisable to collect data on the potential client before launching it. Meanwhile, according to statistics, 35–42 % of failures in the implementation of innovative entre-preneurial projects are due to the reasons associated with the incorrect definition of the target audience. In this regard, the article presents the rationale for the importance of knowing the potential addressee of an entrepre-neurial project, considers ways of determining the target audience, gives a brief description of them as part of the project activities according to three criteria: the purpose of the toolkit, the complexity of the analysis and the method of obtaining the information used. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that without a preliminary assess-ment of the demand for the proposed product from the addressable consumer, entering the market with any business project is inexpedient because of the high risks.

Space charge region recombination, non-radiative exciton recombination and the band-narrowing effect in high-efficiency silicon solar cells

An expression for finding the dependence of narrowing the bands in silicon ΔEg on the level of illumination from the intrinsic absorption band (or short-circuit current) has been proposed. This expression is used to find experimental values of ΔEg in high-efficient silicon solar cells. The dependence ΔEg (J) or dependence ΔEg (JI), where JI is the short-circuit current density, has been rebuilt into the ΔEg (ΔnOC) dependence, where ΔnOC is the excitation level in open-circuit conditions. With this aim, the generation-recombination balance equation was solved taking into account six recombination mechanisms in silicon, including Shockley–Reed–Hall recombination, radiative recombination, interband Auger recombination, surface recombination, non-radiative exciton recombination, and recombination in the space charge region. The latter two recombination terms are not taken into account in studies of the key parameters of silicon solar cells and in programs for simulating the characteristics of these solar cells. Therefore, in this work their correct definition was performed, their contribution was compared with the contribution of other recombination mechanisms, and it has been shown that the description of the characteristics and key parameters of silicon SC without taking them into account is insufficiently correct. The experimental dependences ΔEg (ΔnOC) obtained in the work were compared with Schenk’s theory. It has been shown that there is a good agreement between them.

O-218 A quantitative investigation into UK public attitudes towards embryo research and the 14-day rule

Abstract Study question Is there UK public acceptance for increased embryo research and the extension of the 14-day rule? Summary answer Respondents broadly supported the use of human embryos in research but believed the 14-day-rule remains ‘about right’. However, this might be extended under certain circumstances. What is known already UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990 as amended) may be reviewed in the near future. The Act currently allows licensed research on embryos up to the equivalent of the 14th day of development. The former PET Patron, the late Baroness Mary Warnock, was largely responsible for establishing the 14-day rule in UK law. The rule was subsequently adopted by many countries and institutions around the world. Baroness Warnock’s work on this issue gave confidence to scientists and the wider public alike. Study design, size, duration This is a quantitative piece of research commissioned by PET. The field work was carried out by Ipsos who interviewed a sample of 2,233 adults aged 16-75 in UK using its online i:omnibus. The responses were gathered between 24 and 27 March 2022. The data has been weighted to the known offline population proportions for age, working status and social grade within gender and Government office region. Participants/materials, setting, methods The principal material used was an online questionnaire developed by PET and its advisers with the input of Ipsos survey research experts. All research was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for market research, ISO 20252, and in accordance with the Ipsos Terms and Conditions. All percentage calculations are rounded up to the nearest whole number. Where percentages do not add up to 100%, this is due to rounding. Main results and the role of chance =Only 11% of respondents could give a scientifically correct definition of a human embryo. =More than 40% of those surveyed said they supported the use of human embryos in scientific and medical research. =44% supported the government funding of such research with 17% being opposed. =Asked whether the 14-day limit is too long, too short or about right, more than half of those who supported (or neither opposed nor supported) the use of laboratory-created human embryos in research responded that the limit was about right. =Those not implacably opposed to embryo research were willing to countenance an extension to the ‘14- day rule’, if reasons were presented to them. =This demonstrates the importance of scientists giving a clear explanation of the benefits that such an extension to the 14-day rule may bring. =The most supported reasons for an extension were to find new treatments for congenital diseases, improving medical understanding of stillbirth and miscarriage. =However, with significant numbers remaining neutral or answering, ‘Don’t know’, this situation could change. Public education is vital to help people engage. =The sample size of 2233 people allowed for statistically significant differences to be identified and reduced the risk of misleading answers. Limitations, reasons for caution This research is a snapshot in time and public opinion can evolve with new information. A significant number of respondents gave a ‘don’t know’ answers. If these members of the public were to shift their view to either ‘support or opposition’ then the landscape for embryo research could markedly alter. Wider implications of the findings The study suggests there is limited public understanding of this subject, as illustrated by only 11% of respondents selected the scientifically correct definition of an embryo. This gap in knowledge makes it challenging to have a meaningful national debate on the potential changes to the current law. Trial registration number Trial registration number is not applicable. PET are grateful for the generous support of Ferring without which it would not have been possible to conduct this piece of wide-ranging, nationally representative research.

How do climate and land-use affect soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and the chemical properties of floodplain soils in tropical drylands?

Floodplain soils represent important food production sites worldwide due to their high natural fertility and large carbon (C) storage capacity. In this study, 27 soil profiles, along an aridity gradient, were used to estimate how climate (semi-arid and dry sub-humid) and land-use (agriculture and overgrazing) affect soil C and nitrogen (N) storage and chemical properties of surface horizons in floodplain soils in tropical drylands, northeastern Brazil. The results indicated that soils under dry sub-humid climate (wetter) accumulated 15.1 and 17.0 % more C and N than soils under semi-arid climate (drier), respectively. The Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, H+ contents and P availability of the soils were favored in the wetter condition. In the land-use analysis, the results indicated that soils under overgrazing showed lower C and N stocks by 35.7 % and 36.7 % respectively, when compared to soils managed under agriculture. Soils under overgrazing presented, on average, 36.0, 44.4 and 26.0 % less Ca2+, K+ and CEC than the soils under agriculture, respectively. For P, both overgrazing and agriculture reduced its availability by 21.2 and 31.4 % respectively, when compared to the forest soil (reference). The significant effect of overgrazing was evident in the reduction of C and N stocks and natural fertility of the floodplain soils. The results of this study can be useful for the correct management and definition of strategies for sustainable uses of floodplain soils in drylands globally.

Bifurcation of technical systems – prototypes of new instrumental materials

Activities in the field of technology take place according to the laws of synergy. Invention is a component of technical systems. The key issue when creating an invention is the search for a prototype. The effectiveness of the invention depends on the correct definition of the prototype. If a known system has exhausted its useful properties, it becomes necessary to improve it. The occurrence of such a limit should be considered the bifurcation point of the system. It is appropriate to take the system itself as a prototype of the invention. The purpose of the study is the influence of the laws of synergy on the creation of a new technical solution. The main idea is to search for permissible values of material properties as bifurcation points and to determine them on the basis of this prototype of the invention. The prototype for the invention of hard alloys is high-speed steel, for diamond tools - hard alloys, for combined diamond-hard alloy material (Slavutich) - large single crystals of natural diamonds, for material with protective coatings - traditional tool material. Thus, searching for a prototype of a known technical solution for an invention from the point of view of the laws of synergy is the determination of the bifurcation point of the system.

Patient understanding of immunotherapy and its side effects for women with triple negative breast cancer.

e24046 Background: Immunotherapy (IO) is now an integral part of treatment for most patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The mechanism of action and associated side effects of IO differ significantly from conventional chemotherapy and patient comprehension of these novel treatments can be difficult to assess. Previous research has demonstrated that patient understanding of anti-cancer treatments is hindered by multiple barriers including education level and healthcare literacy. Standardized educational tools to improve patient comprehension of immunotherapy are integral to improving patient engagement with their treatment plan and providing informed consent. Methods: This is a prospective pilot study investigating the efficacy of standardized educational materials (2 animated videos and 1 pamphlet) to improve patient comprehension of IO. Patients with TNBC were recruited from Emory University between 2021-2022 and were asked three questions related to their understanding of the immune system, immunotherapy, and IO-related side effects before and after viewing the educational tools. Audio-recordings of the patients’ answers were coded as correct or incorrect by two independent reviewers using the video’s definitions as the standard. Clopper-Pearson method and exact McNemar’s test were used to calculate pre- and post-education correct definition rates and paired rates, respectively. Multivariate analyses were conducted investigating the impact of age, highest level of education, and race on patient comprehension. Results: 46 patients with TNBC were enrolled with mean age of 57 years (range 27-84 years). The majority of patients were Black (65%), while the remaining patients were Non-Hispanic White (30%) or unknown (5%). Highest level of education was reported as high school (13%), undergraduate (61%), and graduate school (26%). Comprehension of the terms "immune system" and "immunotherapy" significantly improved after viewing the patient educational material with an increase in correctly defining these terms from 50% to 89.1% (p-value < 0.01) and 41.3% to 82.6% (p-value < 0.01), respectively. Patients' ability to describe two or more side effects of IO also increased from 11% to 87% post-education (p-value < 0.01). Patients with graduate degrees had a 4.24 times greater odds of correctly answering the questions compared to those with undergraduate or high school degrees (p-value 0.057). There were no differences in patient comprehension by race or age. Conclusions: Patient education on novel therapeutics in cancer care including immunotherapy presents a challenge to providers given time constraints in clinic and lack of standardized educational resources. Through easily implemented patient education, we were able to significantly improve patient comprehension of immunotherapy and IO-related side effects in a diverse population of patients with TNBC.

Legal tools and prospects of state regulation of the quality management system in the sphere of tourism

Using an analytical and documentary methodology based on the review of high-impact scientific literature, the objective of the article was to develop the legal-conceptual principles of the quality management system in the field of tourism. Everything indicates that, product quality assurance means a set of legal and planned measures of a systematic nature that create the necessary conditions for the implementation of each stage of the quality concept, so that, the product meets the quality requirements of the market segment. One of the main principles of creating a concept of quality management in the field of tourism is a correct definition of the concept of quality of tourism services in the broader framework of the legal regulation of the system of tourism management. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the tourism industry is one of the promising areas of the development of global economic relations, and in the context of the transformation of the economy of a country, increasing the efficiency of the functioning of this industry acquires special relevance for the achievement of social welfare.

Weight generalization of the space of continuous functions vanishing at infinity

AbstractIn this paper, we characterize the weighted generalization of the space of continuous functions vanishing at infinity and correct some wrong results in the paper. Let X be a locally compact space and ν is an arbitrary weight (non‐negative function) on X. We give a correct and comprehensive definition of the weighted generalization of , and show that it is a seminormed space with respect to the canonical seminorm , where . We find conditions on ν under which , with respect to , becomes a normed space or a Banach space or an algebra, or a topological algebra, respectively.

Planar phonon anisotropy, and a way to detect local equilibrium temperature in graphene

The effect of inclusion of the planar phonon anisotropy on thermo-electrical behavior of graphene is analyzed. Charge transport is simulated by means of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo technique coupled with numerical solution of the phonon Boltzmann equations based on deterministic methods.The definition of the crystal lattice local equilibrium temperature is investigated as well and the results furnish possible alternative approaches to identify it starting from measurements of electric current density, with relevant experimental advantages, which could help to overcome the present difficulties regarding thermal investigation of graphene.Positive implications are expected for many applications, as the field of electronic devices, which needs a coherent tool for simulation of charge and hot phonon transport; the correct definition of the local equilibrium temperature is in turn fundamental for the study, design and prototyping of cooling mechanisms for graphene-based devices.

P313 AN UNUSUAL CASE OF SEVERE LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION: MILANESE ‘BREAKING BAD‘

Abstract A 39–year–old Filipino man was admitted for dyspnea and lower limb edema for about a month, in combination with stable cardiac enzymes movement (TnT 128>78>115 ng/dl), fluctuating unspecific inflammatory profile and hepatic impairment. Trans–thoracic echocardiography confirmed heart failure (HF) in a setting of eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy, diffuse hypokinesia and severe global functionreduction. Despite the absence of typical chest pain, the presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (DMT2, smoking, dyslipidemia), previous alcoholism and the finding of widespread ventricular repolarization ECG changes seemed to suggest an ischemic or multifactorialorigin of the HF. After the finding of a critical trivascular coronary artery disease on coronarography and a pulmonary nodule on chest CT, the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) confirmed the diagnosis of severe dilated HF with evidence of a diffuse wall signal hyperintensity in STIR sequences and a intramyocardial and subepicardial patchy LGE pattern of non–ischemic meaning. The possible ischemic etiology was thus overlaid with an inflammatory disease, leading to assume sarcoidosis or myocarditis be the cause of HF. The main screening tests (ACE and immunologic–infectious profile) were negative a a PET/CT scan confirmed a diffuse cardiac inflammation with no focal hypercaptant lesions. Therefore, sarcoidosis was ruled out, and an endomyocardial biopsy (BEM) was performed, and resulted, however, inconclusive. Following, an unexpected finding revealed through a more scrupulous anamnesis: a long–time abuse of a methamphetamine (MDMA) prevalent in the Filipino community called Shaboo. This type of MDMA is accompanied by multiple CV system impacts, including MDMA–associated cardiomyopathy (MACM), a clinical picture compatible with the findings obtained by CMR and BEM performed. After discussion in Heart Team and therapeutic optimization, the patient was candidate for coronary artery bypass. Thus, with the correct diagnostic definition and treatment of HF triggers, an improvement in clinical and left ventricularfunction was marked (EF 45%). Monitoring will allow evaluation of the evolution of the changes found at CMR and will document eventually reversibility of MACM after protracted abstention from MDMA abuse.

REDbox: a comprehensive semantic framework for data collection and management in tuberculosis research

Clinical research outcomes depend on the correct definition of the research protocol, the data collection strategy, and the data management plan. Furthermore, researchers often need to work within challenging contexts, as is the case in tuberculosis services, where human and technological resources for research may be scarce. Electronic Data Capture Systems mitigate such risks and enable a reliable environment to conduct health research and promote result dissemination and data reusability. The proposed solution is based on needs pinpointed by researchers, considering the need for an accommodating solution to conduct research in low-resource environments. The REDbox framework was developed to facilitate data collection, management, sharing, and availability in tuberculosis research and improve the user experience through user-friendly, web-based tools. REDbox combines elements of the REDCap and KoBoToolbox electronic data capture systems and semantics to deliver new valuable tools that meet the needs of tuberculosis researchers in Brazil. The framework was implemented in five cross-institutional, nationwide projects to evaluate the users' perceptions of the system's usefulness and the information and user experience. Seventeen responses (representing 40% of active users) to an anonymous survey distributed to active users indicated that REDbox was perceived to be helpful for the particular audience of researchers and health professionals. The relevance of this article lies in the innovative approach to supporting tuberculosis research by combining existing technologies and tailoring supporting features.

Face Validity

Face Validity

Smart Retrofit: An Innovative and Sustainable Solution

Recovering old machinery, once it reaches its end of life, allows companies to be sustainable. Several strategies are available for this purpose, both from the point of view of hardware and software modifications. Especially in the industrial sector, these strategies are classified as revamping, remanufacturing and retrofitting. Machinery revamping, retrofitting and remanufacturing are all used to improve industrial equipment performance, efficiency and sustainability. Each approach has unique benefits and trade-offs, depending on the specific needs and requirements of the equipment and business. Moreover, according to Industry 4.0 principles, it is also possible to talk about smart retrofitting, involving the integration of various technologies such as sensors, automation systems, Digital Twins, artificial intelligence and data analytics software to control and optimise the operation of the machinery. Digital Twins, in particular, have been widely used among smart retrofit solutions and can integrate several innovative aspects of dated systems. However, a literature review needs to clarify their meaning and specific characteristics. For this reason, this paper aims to distinguish different strategies and find a correct definition of smart retrofitting, highlighting its relevance, benefits and sustainability in the industrial sector, focusing more on Digital Twin solutions for smart retrofitting.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОНЯТИЯ И ВИДЫ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОММЕРЦИИ

Trading on the Internet platform is a new area and at the same time a powerful profit generator for the economy. A new type of commerce opens up other prospects for employment, self-employment and gives impetus to the development of private entrepreneurship. E-commerce, just like other types of trade, needs legal regulation and a legal definition of concepts. This article is devoted to the legal interpretation of the basic concepts and types of electronic commerce. However, this phenomenon is not so new, since the first steps towards e-commerce were taken in the seventies of the last century. The history of the emergence of e-commerce is very peculiar since at the formation stage e-commerce was not created as a separate area, but as a convenience, part of the service to attract customers. Online trading has gradually developed, relying on information technology. Since then, it has gone through three broad phases of development. In the current context, e-commerce, just like other types of trade, needs to be suspected of regulation and the correct definition of concepts. This article is devoted to the legal interpretation of the basic concepts and types of e-commerce.

Numerical Simulations of the Low-Velocity Impact Response of Semicylindrical Woven Composite Shells.

This paper presents an efficient and reliable approach to study the low-velocity impact response of woven composite shells using 3D finite element models that account for the physical intralaminar and interlaminar progressive damage. The authors' previous work on the experimental assessment of the effect of thickness on the impact response of semicylindrical composite laminated shells served as the basis for this paper. Therefore, the finite element models were put to the test in comparison to the experimental findings. A good agreement was obtained between the numerical predictions and experimental data for the load and energy histories as well as for the maximum impact load, maximum displacement, and contact time. The use of the mass-scaling technique was successfully implemented, reducing considerably the computing cost of the solutions. The maximum load, maximum displacement, and contact time are negligibly affected by the choice of finite element mesh discretization. However, it has an impact on the initiation and progression of interlaminar damage. Therefore, to accurately compute delamination, its correct definition is of upmost importance. The validation of these finite element models opens the possibility for further numerical studies on of woven composite shells and enables shortening the time and expenses associated with the experimental testing.

Getting It Right in Obstructive Lung Disease.

Chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure in obstructive lung diseases may benefit from nocturnal Home non-invasive ventilation (HNIV). It has been shown that in patients with persistence of hypercapnia after an acute episode of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation, HNIV may improve the risk for new admission and survival. The ability to reach these aims depends on the correct timing of enrolling patients, as well as a correct definition of ventilatory needing and setting of the ventilator. This review tries to define a possible home treatment path of hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD by analyzing the main studies published in recent years.

ВОПРОСЫ ПРЕДМЕТА АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОГО ПРАВА И ПОЛИЦЕЙСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ: СООТНОШЕНИЕ И ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ

The question regarding the subject of administrative law is not new, but it has not been definitively resolved in constructive terms. It should be noted that the correct definition of the subject of legal regulation is the key to the effectiveness of such an impact, in addition, understanding the subject makes it possible to better systematize legal material officially and informally, as well as teach the relevant branch of law. The existence of such a branch of law as "administrative law" in the legal system is not disputed by anyone, however, the subject content of this branch is still important, the allo-cation of key institutions in it that form it today. Administrative law largely determines the legal quality of police activity, and therefore we will implement the ratio of the designated categories.