Correct Date Research Articles

Correct date and authorship of taxa of Middle American freshwater crabs described by Rodríguez & Smalley (1972) (not 1969) and included in Smalley (1970) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae).

One subgenus and one genus of Pseudothelphusidae described by Gilberto Rodríguez and Alfred E. Smalley from Mexico have been erroneously referred to for over 40 years as variously described in 1968 and 1969. The review of the original publication indicates that these taxa were published in a journal dated 1969 that became available for distribution only in 1972. Smalley (1970), who believed that the original manuscript had been previously published, referred to some of these new taxa (i.e., Epithelphusa, E. mixtepensis, Tehuana and T. veracruzana) and provided sufficient information to make these names available in 1970, thus becoming the correct authorship for these four taxa. Therefore they must be referred to as "Rodríguez & Smalley in Smalley 1970". A list of all affected taxa with the correct publication date and authorship is given. A list of publications in which the taxa authored by Rodríguez and Smalley were erroneously referred to as published in 1969 is also provided.

AB0570 Takayasu's Arteritis and Factors Affecting the Course and Prognosis

BackgroundLate determination of the disease and high frequency of severe outcomes make Takayasu's arteritis (TA) study an actual problem [1].ObjectivesTo identify factors affecting the course of TA and determining its...

Research and Development of Ultrasonic CNC Cutting Path Generation System for Nomex Composite Materials

There are a number of problems with the traditional way of machining Nomex composite materials, Ultrasonic vibration cutting as a new method can overcome most of the problems. This paper presents the machining process characteristics of ultrasonic cutting honeycomb structures of Nomex composite materials using two kinds of specials tools, and has a research on Ultrasonic machining tools posture control strategy, then proposed calculation method of generating the cutter location date. The main system was developed to meet the automatic generation cutting path of Nomex composite materials based on VS2008 and UG commercial software. The result of experiment shows this system can automatic generate rational machining path and correct NC date.

Bolesław Maleszewski (1844-1912). Szkic biograficzny

The first biography of Boleslav Maleshevsky (1844-1912) was written by S. Yu. Witte (1849-1915), who recall him in his Memoirs (1994, p. 350-365), but he did not edited his notes. Let us recall that they were published for the first time, abroad, in 1921-1922. Earlier, in 1896, it was a short article in the encyclopedia Brockhaus and Efron, where the date of Maleshevsky's birth was incorrect (1949 ). Other dictionaries repeated this error. In this essay, which shows the correct dates. However, it is not intended to be complete, since not all facts are verified. Very brief information is available in the List of Senators by Murzanov(1911) and a little more extensive is his Dictionary (1910) published recently on his own records, not included in lifetime edition. However, most information about Maleshevsky was received by us from Savich.

Silbermann's "Revue entomologique": publication dates for nomenclatural purposes and bibliographic notes (Insecta, mainly Coleoptera).

The rare yet entomologically important scientific journal "Revue entomologique" was published in French language in five volumes during the first half of the nineteenth century. We provide some bibliographic notes which reveal, for example, the motivation and goals of the editor, Gustave Silbermann. He wanted to contribute to an exchange of entomological knowledge between French and German scientists, in particular by translating German articles into French and to inform his readers of new German and French entomological literature. The work deals with many taxa, mainly beetles, yet also moths, cicadas and other insects. The journal contains taxonomic notes and species descriptions for which correct dating is essential. Evidence inside the books indicates the partly wrong assignment of the publication dates printed on the title pages from 1833 to 1837. We found one depository holding the originally assembled and unbound fascicles of the first two volumes. Despite the month of publication being absent on all wrappers, their original composition allowed the detailed reconstruction of publication dates, as well as of unpaginated species descriptions. We analysed the work, attributed page numbers to single or merged fascicles and provided publication dates for all 30 fascicles, which were shown to have been published from 1833 to 1840. We also traced the enigmatic reference for the description of a longhorn beetle (Molorchus ulmi Chevrolat, 1838) and were able to demonstrate that its supposed association with the "Revue entomologique" is erroneous.

The Role of the Champlain Canal and Erie Canal as Putative Corridors for Colonization of Lake Champlain and Lake Ontario by Sea Lampreys

AbstractThe origin of populations of the landlocked Sea LampreyPetromyzon marinusin Lakes Champlain and Ontario, whether by artificial canals or by natural colonization following the last ice age, is controversial, in part because the related history and ecology had been poorly documented. This situation favored a native classification for the populations in both lakes based mainly on genetics. A native classification for the Lake Champlain population was predicated on either of two erroneous dates of first record, 1841 and 1894, whereas the correct date, 1929, was much more recent and strongly supports a nonnative classification. The detection of the Sea Lamprey in Lake Champlain occurred shortly after the opening in 1916 of the Champlain Barge Canal, which opened the upper Hudson River to fish passage. The case for a native Lake Ontario population did not account for a watershed breach in 1863 between the Susquehanna River, where the Sea Lamprey had been common, and the Lake Ontario drainage. Shortly after this canal‐related connection was made, Sea Lamprey populations became abundant, nearly simultaneously, in four locations in the Lake Ontario drainage, suggesting this breach was the entry point for the founding population. The genetic distances between the landlocked populations and the Atlantic Ocean population appear to have been caused by recent bottlenecks rather than long‐term residence; a recent genetic bottleneck was detected in the Lake Ontario population. Native classifications rested, in part, on extraordinary ecological scenarios, whereas nonnative classifications are consistent with experience in the upper Great Lakes and with well‐known vectors of range expansion (canals, dam openings, watershed breaches). These findings in aggregate favor a nonnative classification of the Sea Lamprey in both lakes.

Acidosasa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae): Publication by descriptio generico‐specifica and typification

AbstractAcidosasa was not validly published when first effectively published in 1979. The first instance of valid publication of Acidosasa has traditionally been taken to be Keng in 1982 with A. chinensis as type. However, Acidosasa was first validly published along with Acidosasa glauca by Yang in 1981 using a descriptio generico‐specifica. Consequently Acidosasa was validly published at an earlier date and with a different type than what has generally been reported. As a result, Acidosasa glauca B.M.Yang predates the name Indosasa chienouensis T.H.Wen (1983), the basionym of A. chienouensis (T.H.Wen) C.S.Chao & T.H.Wen with which A. glauca has been previously treated as a synonym. The correct place and date of publication, authorship, typification, and synonymy are given for the genus name Acidosasa and specific names placed under Acidosasa.

The Forgotten War

The Forgotten War

An Etiquette for Women: Women’s Experience of Islam in Muslim Spain

An Etiquette for Women: Women’s Experience of Islam in Muslim Spain Jessica A. Coope Correction: Due to a production error, volume 29 of Essays in Medieval Studies was released with the incorrect publication date of 2013 on the article title pages. The correct publication date is 2014. The prevailing version of Islamic law, or Sharī‘ah, in al-Andalus (medieval Muslim Spain) viewed women primarily in their roles as daughters and wives. A woman was a good Muslim if she was obedient and stayed within her domestic role. In addition to those social restrictions, the law limited women’s religious expression by for example discouraging them from going to mosque to participate in public worship, and by making the ḥajj or pilgrimage to Mecca optional for women instead of mandatory as it was for men. The legal sources give us a version of medieval Islam that was intent on limiting women to their function as subordinate family members, and did not provide much outlet for spirituality. Other sources, however, show us a different picture. To begin with, legal rules designed to keep women subordinate to men were not always observed in practice. Notary forms suggest that, in a direct contradiction of Islamic law, a woman could use her marriage contract to impose conditions on her husband, including prohibiting him from taking a second wife. As far as religious expression is concerned, anecdotes in chronicles and literature show us women participating in officially unsanctioned religious events, like public prayer in cemeteries. The tradition of Sufism, or Islamic mysticism, which spread to al-Andalus in the 1100s, was more open to women’s participation than normative Islam, and the Sufi Ibn al-‘Arabī (d. 1240) writes with admiration about women mystics. Muslim women’s experience of Islam in al-Andalus, both as a code of conduct and as an outlet for spirituality, was more complex and flexible than the legal sources suggest. This essay focuses first on the normative religious discourse about women, and then on other sources that suggest the official rules were not always applied as written. The religious norms are articulated in the two major compendiums of legal opinions from the Mālikī school of Islamic law, the school that was dominant in al-Andalus: the Muwaṭṭa’, and the Mudawwanah al-Kubrā, compiled in the late [End Page 75] eighth and early ninth centuries.1 Another important legal source is a work by the ninth-century Andalusī legal expert Ibn Ḥabīb. His Etiquette for Women, or Adab al-nisā’, presents his interpretation of how women should comport themselves to conform with Sharī‘ah.2 The next part of the essay, which discusses how Sharī‘ah’s official views on women were sometimes undercut, will refer primarily to marriage contracts and mystical texts. Manuela Marín and Gloria López de la Plaza, to name just two scholars of women’s history in al-Andalus, have demonstrated that women’s true experience of Islam in Muslim Spain, although powerfully shaped by Sharī‘ah, was in fact more varied than we might expect from reading only normative sources.3 This article builds on their work by offering some new perspectives on Islamic law, in particular by comparing the status of Muslim women to that of non-Muslim men living under Islamic rule, and by bringing in a number of fresh examples of women’s piety outside of Sharī‘ah. Part I: Women in Sharī‘ah Medieval Sharī‘ah’s concept of legal status was similar in its basic assumptions to other pre-modern codes, including Roman and Persian law, which were two of the major sources for Islamic law as it developed in the eighth and ninth-century Middle East. It belongs to a group of legal systems in which only men in the dominant social group (in this case, free Muslim men) enjoyed full legal rights. In Sharī‘ah, only such men were fully “mukallaf,” or legally capable.4 Under Sharī‘ah and other pre-modern codes, groups outside of the fully privileged one--including members of other religions, foreigners (in some societies), slaves, women and minors--had diminished legal capacity, meaning that they had obligations and...

Piety, Ritual, and Heresy: The Varieties of Medieval Religious Experience

Piety, Ritual, and Heresy: The Varieties of Medieval Religious Experience Karen Ann Christianson Correction: Due to a production error, volume 29 of Essays in Medieval Studies was released with the incorrect publication date of 2013 on the article title pages. The correct publication date is 2014. The 2013 annual conference of the Illinois Medieval Association was held February 15 and 16 at the Newberry Library in Chicago and was cosponsored by the Newberry Center for Renaissance Studies. Its theme was “Piety, Ritual, and Heresy: The Varieties of Medieval Religious Experience.” Demonstrating the centrality of religion in the study of the Middle Ages, the call for papers drew more than a hundred submissions from scholars working in a wide variety of disciplines: history, art history, religious studies, cultural studies, book and manuscript studies, and the literatures of many languages. The essays in this volume reflect the diversity and innovation of papers presented at the conference. The conference keynote speaker, Gary Macy, conducts a tightly argued exploration of whether women in early medieval Europe were in fact ordained as priests. Through analysis of the rites and activities associated with priesthood at the time, he concludes that until about the twelfth century many women indeed functioned as priests and were considered as such by their contemporaries, including bishops, councils, and popes. The next two essays address the topic of miracles. Sarah Degner Riveros takes a fresh look at the Cantigas de Santa Maria, a collection of poems with musical notation written in the thirteenth century during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile, to examine the role and significance of child characters in miraculous occurrences described in the work. Christopher Maslanka explores the gendered nuances of the Life of St. Mary of Egypt as recounted in the Middle English South English Legendary, and the concept of penitence the story embodies, compared with other contemporary versions. Melissa Moreton delves into the possible motivations for and meanings behind the array of colophons written by nun-scribes in several Italian monastic scriptoria during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Jessica Coope probes [End Page v] normative and alternative prescriptive models of the practice of Islam by women in medieval Muslim Spain, finding more complexity and flexibility than is commonly believed. Erin Wagner’s essay scrutinizes the intersection of politics, religion, and heresy through three case studies of men convicted of heresy in fifteenth-century England, highlighting the possible dangers inherent even for those deferent to church authority during a time of theological and institutional challenges and the fears associated with them. In the final essay in this collection, Elizabeth Moodey performs a close reading and analysis of Jean Germain’s 1457 work, Le Chemin de Paradis, structured as an allegorical triumphal procession intended to be incorporated into a tapestry to provide a guide to religious practice, doctrine, and faith for the ministry and lay people alike. As it has at its conferences each year since 1983, the 2013 Illinois Medieval Association gathering generated a profusion of new scholarship across diverse disciplines in the field of medieval studies and provided an opportunity for a robust exchange of ideas. The essays in this volume exemplify the vitality of the event. [End Page vi] Copyright © 2014 Illinois Medieval Association

Pious Voices: Nun-scribes and the Language of Colophons in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy

Pious Voices: Nun-scribes and the Language of Colophons in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy Melissa Moreton Correction: Due to a production error, volume 29 of Essays in Medieval Studies was released with the incorrect publication date of 2013 on the article title pages. The correct publication date is 2014. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, colophons were a means through which nun-scribes and decorators could express self-identification and associate themselves with the monastic virtue of piety. Loosely defined, the colophon is the note usually added at the end of the text that contains details of its production.1 These notes became increasingly common in secular manuscript production from the early fourteenth century onward.2 However, colophons written by religious women were uncommon in this and earlier periods, largely because the monastic virtue of humility precluded the use of personal identifiers in one’s work. This changed in the fifteenth century, when convent populations exploded and a new demographic of women entered monastic life. Within the realm of female monastic book production, colophons are often thought to be formulaic and predictable meta-texts that—though valuable for dating the manuscript and sometimes providing notes on production—do not offer much personalized information about the copyists. It is only by looking at a large number of these inscriptions that this image can be reshaped. Fifteenth and sixteenth-century nuns presented a range of identities in the colophons they left at the end of the manuscripts they copied. Treated as a genre of writing, these messages provide a vivid female-authored voice from the ‘anonymous’ walls of the convent and demonstrate how nuns creatively shaped their identity within the often-limiting strictures of monastic life. Nuns’ Scribal Colophons Within my survey of almost two hundred manuscripts, I have identified over fifty “scribal colophons,” those written by the nun who copied the text, instead of by someone else at the time or at a later date (see Appendix). These come predominately from central and northern Italian houses of Observant Dominican and Franciscan nuns—as well as a large selection from the prolific Bridgettine nuns [End Page 43] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Nun-scribes’ Manuscripts and Their Correlation to Nuns’ Scribal Colophons Charted by Quarter Century from 1400–1600. Chart credit: the author. of the Paradiso in Florence.3 The following figure shows all the dated and datable manuscripts identified from nun-scribes in the period (Fig. 1). Those with scribal colophons are also indicated. The graph illustrates a sharp increase in the production of dated and datable manuscripts from the mid-fifteenth century through the early sixteenth century. The late fifteenth century is very full, with numbers double that of the previous or following quarter century. As far as raw numbers go, the 1480s had the greatest number of dated manuscripts. However, manuscript evidence from nuns’ houses relies to a large degree on the presence of a colophon, so this must be taken into account when assessing the true number of nuns’ manuscripts produced in the period (i.e., the overall number of nuns’ manuscripts was likely higher than reported in the pre-1450 period, when colophon use was less common). The presence of dates in colophons also increases during the period, as more information began to be included in these inscriptions. Book production increased and so did colophon use. There were more books, but these books were also increasingly likely to include the name of the scribe, date, details of its production and use, and information about the text being copied. The Bridgettine double monastery of the Paradiso in Florence offers excellent evidence for the increase in scribal colophons in the late fifteenth century, since a large number of manuscripts survive from their library, allowing for a controlled comparative study of colophon use by male and female religious in the same community. The Bridgettine friars began producing [End Page 44] books in the early 1400s but male production slowed by the mid-Quattrocento, when the nuns began working, producing manuscripts through the mid-sixteenth century.4 Though the picture of nuns’ manuscript production shifts slightly with every new manuscript added to the canon, the general...

Despre medaliile familiei Weifert din Pančevo / The Medals of the Weifert Family from Pančevo

Despre medaliile familiei Weifert din Pančevo / The Medals of the Weifert Family from Pančevo

Erratum: Corrigendum: The role of short-lived climate pollutants in meeting temperature goals

Nature Clim. Change 3, 1021–1024 (2013); published online 21 November 2013; corrected after print 20 December 2013. This Perspective was published online earlier than that stated in the print version; the online versions show the correct date of 21 November 2013.

Correction: Use of Extraocular Muscle Flaps in the Correction of Orbital Implant Exposure

The Publication Date given in the PDF version and expressed in the Citation and Footer in the PDF version of the article is incorrect. The correct publication date is September 25, 2013. The correct Citation is: Chu H-Y, Liao Y-L, Tsai Y-J, Chu Y-C, Wu S-Y, et al. (2013) Use of Extraocular Muscle Flaps in the Correction of Orbital Implant Exposure. PLoS ONE 8(9): e72223. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072223. The Footer in the bottom right corner of each page of the PDF should read: 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 9 | e72223.

Effect of fungicides used for powdery mildew disease management on the African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a biocontrol agent of sap-sucking pests in cashew crops in Tanzania

In the article above the accepted date was incorrect. The correct date is 11 September 2013.

An audit of electronic prescribing and administration of paediatric parenteral nutrition

IntroductionA paediatric pharmacist orders paediatric parenteral nutrition (PN), following discussion with the gastroenterology Registrar or Consultant. The PN is then prescribed on the electronic drug chart by a rotational gastroenterology...

Erratum to: Surgical Weight Loss: Impact on Energy Expenditure

In the original publication, an erroneous date is given in the information on Prior Presentations in the Acknowledgements section. The correct date for the AHRQ Health Information Technology conference is June 2-4, 2010 as opposed to September 27, 2010. In the original publication, the given and surnames of the fourth and fifth authors were reversed. The correct names are Beatrice Morio (B. Morio) and Yves Boirie (Y. Boirie).

New mathematical and algorithmic schemes for pattern classification with application to the identification of writers of important ancient documents

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach is introduced for classifying curves into proper families, according to their similarity. First, a mathematical quantity we call plane curvature is introduced and a number of propositions are stated and proved. Proper similarity measures of two curves are introduced and a subsequent statistical analysis is applied. First, the efficiency of the curve fitting process has been tested on 2 shapes datasets of reference. Next, the methodology has been applied to the very important problem of classifying 23 Byzantine codices and 46 Ancient inscriptions to their writers, thus achieving correct dating of their content. The inscriptions have been attributed to ten individual hands and the Byzantine codices to four writers.

Dating the Even Bohan of Qalonymos ben Qalonymos of Arles. A Microhistory of Scholarship

Abstract The Even Bohan of Qalonymos ben Qalonymos has long been acknowledged as a masterpiece of Hebrew satire and an important source for Jewish life in medieval Aragon, Provence, and Italy. The date of its composition, however, has been the subject of persistent confusion. For over four centuries its completion was dated decades before the birth of its author, even though the correct date had been discovered by Joseph Scaliger and (independently) by Leopold Zunz. After an overview of Qalonymos’s world and works, this essay uncovers this history by tracing the fate of one word through textual transmission from manuscript to print. Studying past attempts to date Qalonymos’s text, this essay tells chapters in the histories of the Hebrew book and the perception of medieval Jewish history by both Renaissance Christian Hebraists and nineteenth-century scholars of the Wissenschaft des Judentums. It also provides the correct date of the completion of the Even Bohan.

Reliability of Schmeling’s stages of ossification of medial clavicular epiphyses and its validity to assess 18 years of age in living subjects

Nowadays, due to the global increase in migration movements, forensic age estimation of living young adults has become an important focus of interest. Minors often have no identification documents providing their correct birth dates. Establishing the age of majority is therefore fundamental in order to determine whether juvenile penal systems or penal systems in force for adults are to be applied. Radiological examination of the clavicles is one of the methods recommended by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics. In this retrospective study, a sample of chest radiographs of 274 subjects, aged between 12 and 25years, was studied according to Schmeling's method in order to examine the ossification of both medial clavicular epiphyses. All stage classifications were evaluated by five examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was analysed by Cohen's K statistic. Intra-examiner agreement was insufficient for two of the experts. Inter-examiner agreement, among the other three operators, was moderate (K = 0.509). Study of reliability highlighted difficulties in interpretation, the need to select qualified personnel and choice of the best radiographic image in order to reduce any anatomic overlaps. Although ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyses is recommended to assess whether an individual has already reached the age of majority or not, these results suggested that it is very difficult to clearly identify the five stages of ossification by using conventional chest radiography.