Correct Data Transmission Research Articles

Combining Differential Privacy with FedAvgM to Optimize Data Access Control in the Information Platform

In response to the privacy leakage risk and low-efficiency issues of traditional data access control, especially in distributed environments, data transmission and centralized processing may expose sensitive information. To improve data access control in information platforms, ensure data security, and accelerate global model training, this article introduced a joint mechanism of differential privacy and FedAvgM (Federated Averaging with Momentum) optimization to enhance privacy protection and improve training efficiency. Firstly, the Laplacian noise mechanism was adopted to prevent user privacy information from being leaked during global model training by adding noise to the dataset, ensuring the privacy of each data access. Then, combined with the FedAvgM optimization algorithm, distributed nodes calculated local model parameters separately and merged these parameters through weighted averaging to reduce the training time of the global model and improve efficiency. Finally, layered encryption technology was adopted to add multiple layers of encryption during data transmission to ensure the security of the transmission link. At the same time, a dynamic permission allocation mechanism was introduced to limit the frequency of access to sensitive data. The experimental results demonstrate that when the privacy budget at ε=20, the privacy protection method of Laplace mechanism still maintains 73% accuracy in data transmission, with a privacy leakage risk of only 0.27. Under the same training epochs, the FedAvgM optimization algorithm achieved a correct data transmission accuracy of 97%. In comparison, the convergence speed increased by 0.29%/min in 1-20 training epochs, showing a faster convergence speed. Under four different noise attack methods, the anti-noise ability of layered encryption is the lowest at 15.4 dB, 18.5 dB, 17.1 dB, and 17.3 dB, respectively. This method effectively improves the problems of privacy leakage risk and low efficiency in traditional data access control.

Data Collection in Areas without Infrastructure Using LoRa Technology and a Quadrotor

The use of sensor networks in monitoring applications has increased; they are useful in security, environmental, and health applications, among others. These networks usually transmit data through short-range stations, which makes them attractive for incorporation into applications and devices for use in places without access to satellite or mobile signals, for example, forests, seas, and jungles. To this end, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attractive characteristics for data collection and transmission in remote areas without infrastructure. Integrating systems based on wireless sensors and UAVs seems to be an economical and easy-to-use solution. However, the main difficulty is the amount of data sent, which affects the communication time and even the flight status of the UAV. Additionally, factors such as the UAV model and the hardware used for these tasks must be considered. Based on those difficulties mentioned, this paper proposes a system based on long-range (LoRa) technology. We present a low-cost wireless sensor network that is flexible, easy to deploy, and capable of collecting/sending data via LoRa transceivers. The readings obtained are packaged and sent to a UAV. The UAV performs predefined flights at a constant height of 30 m and with a direct line-of-sight (LoS) to the stations, during which it collects information from two data stations, concluding that it is possible to carry out a correct data transmission with a flight speed of 10 m/s and a transmission radius of 690 m for a group of three packages confirmed by 20 messages each. Thus, it is possible to collect data from routes of up to 8 km for each battery charge, considering the return of the UAV.

Artificial vision wireless PV system to efficiently track the MPP under partial shading

The solar photovoltaic industry is booming and the achievement of high efficiency in this kind of systems is crucial. Partial shading conditions complicate the search of the maximum power point (MPP) of the installations due to the existence of multiple peaks in the P-V curve. In addition, these photovoltaic (PV) systems require monitoring and control in real-time to guarantee the correct operation. Thus, this paper proposes a novel system to track the maximum power point through artificial vision, under partial shading conditions controlled and monitored by a wireless sensor network based on IEEE 802.15.4 technology. The infrastructure consists of a wireless distributed photovoltaic system (WDPS) where the power converter is connected to a sensor node that sends the information to the coordinator node. The coordinator node is connected to a webcam and a Raspberry Pi. This part of the system is called wireless webcam centralized control (WWCC) and is responsible for processing the sensors information and the images. Besides, the WWCC sends the control signal. The wireless communication is set in beacon-enabled mode allowing synchronization between the sensor nodes and the coordinator node. Moreover, the guaranteed time slot mechanism provides the correct transmission of data with low latency, ensuring the stability of the controller. Experimental tests have been carried out to validate the artificial vision wireless PV system. The results prove an appropriate operation, achieving an MPP tracking higher than 99%, even in partial shading conditions.

Optimization of Asynchronous FIFO Design Difficulties Using Verilog HDL

FIFO is a first-in first-out data storage and buffer, which can cache the continuous data stream to prevent data loss during incoming and storing operations. A special interface technology, asynchronous FIFO, needs to be introduced to ensure the correct data transmission when data needs to be transmitted between different clock domains or when the input device and the output device do not match the data interface width. This paper uses Verilog HDL language to design an asynchronous FIFO which can realize the conversion of different data bit widths. In the paper, the difficulties of this design are analyzed in detail, including the method of synchronizing different clock domains, the judgment of FIFO's empty and full state, the method of reducing metastability during data transmission and the method of data bit width conversion. Finally, the designed program is simulated and verified by modelsim software, and the waveform results obtained by simulation are analyzed in detail.

Dynamic output feedback robust [formula omitted] control of networked control systems with time-Varying delays via T-S fuzzy models

This paper addresses the problem of robust stabilization for networked control systems (NCS) where the stochastic behavior of the network does not allow correct and complete transmission of data to both the actuators and the controller. The objective is to model the NCS using Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems with uncertainties and external disturbances and to design a time-varying delay fuzzy controller such that the closed-loop system is robustly exponentially stable with a prescribed decay rate. Sufficient conditions are derived using the delay-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with a robust H∞ controller in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Accordingly, desired fuzzy controllers are designed by using feasible solutions to the obtained LMIs. The proposed fuzzy controller can keep the T-S fuzzy system stable in the presence of time-varying delay, uncertainties, and external disturbance. Two numerical examples with different conditions on parameters are provided to illustrate the performance and robustness of the proposed approach.

Multiple Error Correction in Redundant Residue Number Systems: A Modified Modular Projection Method with Maximum Likelihood Decoding

Error detection and correction codes based on redundant residue number systems are powerful tools to control and correct arithmetic processing and data transmission errors. Decoding the magnitude and location of a multiple error is a complex computational problem: it requires verifying a huge number of different possible combinations of erroneous residual digit positions in the error localization stage. This paper proposes a modified correcting method based on calculating the approximate weighted characteristics of modular projections. The new procedure for correcting errors and restoring numbers in a weighted number system involves the Chinese Remainder Theorem with fractions. This approach calculates the rank of each modular projection efficiently. The ranks are used to calculate the Hamming distances. The new method speeds up the procedure for correcting multiple errors and restoring numbers in weighted form by an average of 18% compared to state-of-the-art analogs.

Attack Prediction By Using Greedy Algorithm For Diminishing The Drop And Delay In Wireless Sensor Networks

The essential constraint of the internet is that forwarding the data packets of data among the restricted and trustworthy data nodes. If the receiver node is attacker node then it'll drop the data rather than forwarding the data to ensuing neighbor node. Therefore, efficient and secure data transmission is extremely necessary within the network data transmission. Each router node within the network can accept the data packets up to its buffer size only. Once the queue value reached the buffer threshold value then congestion can occur at the node. Once congestion happens then it would lose the data packets. By sending the data packets to the next neighbour node this problem will be resolved. This congestion will be handled by the Fully Distributed Congestion Control FDCC and Cooperative and Memory Efficient Token Bucket (CMTB) algorithms. Because the data is transmitted to the next neighbour node predicting the node behavior is extremely necessary because it is an attacker or the conventional transmitter node because it has to transmit the efficient data securely to the destination node. In this paper, the node behavior will be predicted by analyzing the trace file. The simulation results show that this proposed method would provide a lot of security in data transmission. The WSN comprises a group of sensor nodes that are disseminated on the network. These sensor nodes initially exchange their data packets to the near nodes to send the data packets to the target node. During the transmission of these data packets some data packets drop may also happen inside the network. This packet drop should be kept up as low as feasible for correct data transmission to the target node or destination node. This algorithm highlights the routes with high link quality, low packet delay and with low packet drop. Simulation results show that this proposed algorithm can provide the most effective path for transmitting the data to the destination meanwhile it reduces the packet drop and packet delay.

Multilayer validation system for the automation of data in a WSN network with IOT devices

Introduction: Article resulting from the research "Multilevel validation system with an emphasis on data transmission in a Gateway for the IoT," supported by the Research Line in Internet Applications of the University of Cauca during 2020.
 
 Problem: Bridges between wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the Internet are necessary for the for the operation of IoT devices. However, these networks are made up of weak links that can generate packet loss.
 
 Objective: present an alternative to improve the data transmission validation process given a frame implemented in a previously developed WSN-IoT system.
 
 Methodology: Scientometric review in the WoS and Scopus databases on concepts related to Industry 4.0 (data from 2015 to 2019), IoT and WSN (data from 1990 to 2019), and algorithm generation based on Scrum and test-based development (TDD).
 
 Results: A validation application that captures, analyzes frames, and compares the values of the monitored variables in each layer of the implemented model, and ultimately reports the errors detected in the data transmission.
 
 Conclusion: with the completion of this investigation, the data transmission validation process of the WSN-IoT system was improved, focused on logistics and monitoring, automating the process.
 
 Originality: An alternative to validate the correct transmission of data in a WSN-IoT system is achieved through this research and shown for the first time on trending topics such as industry 4.0, the industrial Internet of things, the supply chain, logistics, and traceability.
 
 Limitations: little research in the area of validation, few and delicate hardware devices, in addition to a high dependence on networks to monitor the performance of the designed application.

M100. LOOSELEAF: DEVELOPING A MOBILE-BASED APPLICATION TO MONITOR DAILY CANNABIS USAGE IN YOUTH AT CLINICAL HIGH-RISK OF PSYCHOSIS: APP DEVELOPMENT AND USABILITY TESTING

BackgroundYouth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) often use cannabis, which can have a negative impact on their attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS). Our overall goal is to develop an app that will monitor cannabis use and its impact on APS. Objectives: (1) To describe the development of a mobile-based application named LooseLeaf (LL) to monitor daily cannabis use of individuals at CHR through participatory design; and (2) To test initial usability, discover and fix technical issues, and ensure correct data transmission of LL.MethodsTwo two-hour focus groups were run with CHR participants, age 12–30. Opinions of participants on (i) application content, (ii) graphic design, and (iii) user experience of the different features (i.e., home screen, inventory, questions, feedback, and calculator) were gathered from the first focus group. Based on the comments from the first focus group, a usable prototype of the application was created and was shown to the second focus group. The second focus group provided further feedback on the user experience of each feature, and finalized the application’s name and logo. The focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Following Braun and Clarke’s guidelines, data obtained from the focus groups was qualitatively analyzed with thematic analysis to identify patterns in responses. The application was refined accordingly. Then, six healthy controls and two CHR participants used LL for one week to test its effectiveness in monitoring cannabis use. On days that participants used cannabis they answered LL’ questions about how much cannabis they used, how they used, their subjective emotional experience, and what their social and environmental context was during and after using cannabis. When they did not use cannabis, LL asked questions about their subjective emotional experience and how they felt about not using cannabis. LL included a bug-report feature that participants were encouraged to use when they encountered problems. Qualitative data about LL was gathered through the 23-item Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) covering questions about engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information provided, and subjective quality of LL. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data from MARS.ResultsParticipants favored a minimal and neutral design, buttons with icons, and color-coding of the emotions. Participants named the application “LooseLeaf” and helped to refine its features. The final design of the application consisted of 11 questions about cannabis consumption and feelings associated with it (i.e., euphoria, anxiety, and psychosis-like experiences). Over the one-week usability testing period, LL had an 85.7% response rate. The bug-report feature was used 13 times by seven participants to flag technical issues and provide suggestions to improve user experience of LL. The App received a good overall score on the MARS. LL’s functionality, aesthetics, information, and safety rated high. Few customization options, lack of willingness to pay for applications in general, and technical issues resulted in lower engagement and subjective quality scores. LL’s perceived impact score was good.DiscussionThe application’s development process was based on the feedback of CHR youth. This provided important information on the design and content needed to build a user-centric mobile application. LL demonstrated initial usability, an effective bug-report feature, and some technical issues and problems with data transmission. The MARS, interviews, and bug-reports provided effective feedback for refining LL for the next phase of development.

A New Fault Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Networks on Chip

To provide correct data transmission and to handle the communication requirements, the routing algorithm should find a new path to steer packets from the source to the destination in a faulty network. Many solutions have been proposed to overcome faults in network-on-chips (NoCs). This article introduces a new fault-tolerant routing algorithm, to tolerate permanent and transient faults in NoCs. This solution called DINRA can satisfy simultaneously congestion avoidance and fault tolerance. In this work, a novel approach inspired by Catnap is proposed for NoCs using local and global congestion detection mechanisms with a hierarchical sub-network architecture. The evaluation (on reliability, latency and throughput) shows the effectiveness of this approach to improve the NoC performances compared to state of art. In addition, with the test module and fault register integrated in the basic architecture, the routers are able to detect faults dynamically and re-route packets to fault-free and congestion-free zones.

Review on Fault-Tolerant NoC Designs

By benefiting from the development of the semiconductor technology, many-core system-on-chips (SoCs) have been widely used in electronic devices. Network-on-chips (NoCs) can address the massive stress of on-chip communications due to the advantages of high bandwidth, low latency, and good flexibility. Since deep sub-micron era, the reliability has become a critical constraint for integrated circuits. To provide correct data transmission, fault-tolerant NoCs have been researched widely in last decades, and many valuable designs have been proposed. This work introduces and summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies for fault diagnosis and fault recovery in fault-tolerant NoCs. Moreover, this work makes prospects for the future's research.

Monitoring platform for the consumption of electricity in a home

PurposeNowadays, an extra consumption of electric energy in the Colombian houses is generated due to electric or electronic elements plugged into the electric network. This fact produces a cost overrun in the user’s electricity bills. To reduce this extra cost, and also with a plus of reducing greenhouse gas emission, a monitoring system for the consumption of electric energy in a household will be designed and implemented to make electricity users realize how much money and energy is being wasted due to the unnecessary electric elements plugged into the network. This paper aims to show a monitoring system that allows the client to supervise the consumption of some appliances inside his/her home, remotely. It is also considered the HMI to be able to log in, choose the intervals of data and generate reports and graphics. The monitoring system is based on the integration of several technologies that are already used and implemented in houses and buildings, such as: measuring and treatment of data electronically using microcontrollers, Wi-Fi technology and dynamic graphic interface (website).Design/methodology/approachThe methodology consists of several tasks, starting from documentation of the variables, instrumentation and methods for getting to the solution; the first part of the methodology focuses on selecting the electric and/or electronic elements to be monitored, so the instrumentation is able to monitor. Then, the power stage was implemented in this stage to measure signals from the sensors while sensing the electric nodes are adjusted, so does the transmission and reception. In the third stage, the design information system was implemented; this is where the received data from the sensors are stored and managed for further organization and visualization. Activities included the following: Analysis of the model of use cases: Identification of actors and actions that are involved in the system. Server selection: Study of the different server to manage the database. Design of the database: The variables, tables, fields, profiles are determined for managing the information. Connection between sensors and database: Correct data transmission and managing to the database from the sensors. Finally, the system is validated in a rural house for a month.FindingsThe monitoring system satisfies the main objective of making a tracing of the behavior of some appliances inside a house, showing graphically the instant current generated while connected, the cumulated energy consumed and the cost in Colombian pesos of the energy consumed so far, in real time.Research limitations/implicationsThe monitoring system requires the correct functioning of the sensors connected to each household appliance in the home.Practical implicationsThe main approach in the monitoring platform is the real-time measurement of energy consumption by nodes (in each appliance) that allows the user to control the money. The innovative impact of the project will be based on the use of hardware and information systems in the measurement of electrical consumption.Social implicationsThis research has a direct impact on the economic aspects of the low-income population by allowing them to manage their energy consumption through the proposed system.Originality/valueThe main approach in the monitoring platform is the real-time measurement of energy consumption by nodes (in each appliance) that allows the user to control the money.

Analysis of Possibilities to Limitate the WSN Network Emissivity at Assumed Probability of Correct Transmission

Abstract The article presents the results of considerations regarding assuring the assumed probability of obtaining a correct transmission while limiting the emissivity of the WSN network. The first part presents the method of selecting the location of the acquisition node and analyzes the impact of the increase in transmission levels on the probability of obtaining a correct transmission. The second part presents and analyzes the method of reduction of the network’s emissivity at the assumed level of correct data transmission, and the end contains a summary and conclusions from the presented considerations.

Environment Factors Monitoring System Based on CAN bus

In order to solve the greenhouse environmental factors monitoring system wiring is difficult, high cost, single parameter monitoring, lack of flexibility and scalability, which can’t meet the requirements of the modern intelligent greenhouse. In this study, a new remote monitoring system was established. In terms of the hardware, the SCM C8051F040 was adopted to collect the environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, CO2 concentration and so on. All data were uploaded via CAN bus and GPRS to the remote host computer .The collected data would be sent to the relevant agricultural management personnel in real time through the GPRS network so that the management could be carried out. Based on Kingview software platform, which was developed to use graphic language and command language system of the PC. Preliminary experimental results show that the system has the correct data transmission, stable operation, good real-time performance and accurately monitor the environmental factors in the greenhouse. The system has the advantages of flexible networking and strong expansibility and intuitive interface, which can well meet the needs of environmental factors monitoring in greenhouse.

A 40 nm CMOS I/O Pad Design With Embedded Capacitive Coupling Receiver for Non-Contact Wafer Probe Test

A receiver for capacitive coupled communication is embedded in a digital input/output pad to add the capacity for non-contact data communication, while maintaining size, ESD protection, and buffering functions unchanged, even in contact mode. The added feature allows non-contact probing of die pads and provides a reliable alternative solution to mechanical probing for electrical wafer sort testing of Systems-on-Chip (SoC) and Systems-in-Package (SiPs) because of elimination of pad damage and reduction of the force required to create stable electrical contacts between probe needles and pads. The proposed receiver detects the displacement current flowing through the capacitive channel created between the connecting probe needle and top metal pad surface when a transition in the input digital stimulus signal occurs. The receiver is designed to work up to 100 Mbit/s data rate with a power of 340 $\mu{\rm W}$ in a 40 nm CMOS process. The circuit trade-offs between frequency, amplitude of the step input and distance are discussed. Experimental results show that for a 5 V input voltage amplitude, the receiver allows correct data transmission at a distance up to 5 $\mu{\rm m}$ , which increases to 10 $\mu{\rm m}$ if the top aluminum layer is divided in two, using a customized I/O pad design. The feasibility of this non-contact testing approach was verified through electrical tests on two IP blocks, an LFSR, and a PLL with a scan chain, using a standard prober and a cantilever probe card designed with 19 needles of different lengths to enable both physical contact connections for power supply and non-contact capacitive coupling data communication for signals.

Nonlinear protocols for distributed consensus in directed networks of dynamic agents

This paper deals with the distributed consensus problem of multi-agent systems. While existing work mainly considers the design of linear protocols, we derive nonlinear protocols for directed networks of dynamic agents with fixed and switched topologies, respectively. The obtained nonlinear protocols have the same effectiveness as the existing linear protocols, however they can satisfy the input constraints of real world physical systems, as well as the state value restrictions of agents, which ensure the smooth communication of the whole network and the correct data transmission among agents under the limited bandwidth. In contrast to most existing approaches that commonly use the Lyapunov function theory in order to prove the consensus problem, simple and effective mathematical methods are developed here for this purpose. Based on the equivalent infinitesimal functions and differentials as well as linear approximations as comparatively simple mathematical tools, we prove that the distributed consensus is asymptotically reachable and derive the group decision values. For balanced topology structures, these nonlinear protocols in particular guarantee that the agents asymptotically reach an average-consensus. Furthermore, the obtained protocols relax the constraints on the communication links among the agents. Finally, simulations comprising the vertical alignment maneuver of a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the phase synchronization of three oscillators are studied, respectively. The simulation results underline that the developed nonlinear protocols are effective and feasible for distributed consensus in directed networks of dynamic multi-agent systems.

Study on Energy-Saving Control System of Smart Home

The wireless network technology can achieve harmony and coordination of residential environment, this paper studies the smart home system energy saving control system design, system design ensures the correct transmission of data in the system of communication protocols. This class smart home smart home system using traditional control technology and system improvements made, there is a certain degree of intelligence programs home improvement, cost, and power consumption is significantly reduced, improving the accuracy of the data transfer for the establishment of a targeted communication conflict-free data transmission protocol, and ultimately achieve intelligent energy control.

Study on Energy-Saving Control System of Smart Home

The wireless network technology can achieve harmony and coordination of residential environment, this paper studies the smart home system energy saving control system design, system design ensures the correct transmission of data in the system of communication protocols. This class smart home smart home system using traditional control technology and system improvements made, there is a certain degree of intelligence programs home improvement, cost, and power consumption is significantly reduced, improving the accuracy of the data transfer for the establishment of a targeted communication conflict-free data transmission protocol, and ultimately achieve intelligent energy control.

Requirements for the structured recording of surgical device data in the digital operating room

Due to the increasing complexity of the surgical working environment, increasingly technical solutions must be found to help relieve the surgeon. This objective is supported by a structured storage concept for all relevant device data. In this work, we present a concept and prototype development of a storage system to address intraoperative medical data. The requirements of such a system are described, and solutions for data transfer, processing, and storage are presented. In a subsequent study, a prototype based on the presented concept is tested for correct and complete data transmission and storage and for the ability to record a complete neurosurgical intervention with low processing latencies. In the final section, several applications for the presented data recorder are shown. The developed system based on the presented concept is able to store the generated data correctly, completely, and quickly enough even if much more data than expected are sent during a surgical intervention. The Surgical Data Recorder supports automatic recognition of the interventional situation by providing a centralized data storage and access interface to the OR communication bus. In the future, further data acquisition technologies should be integrated. Therefore, additional interfaces must be developed. The data generated by these devices and technologies should also be stored in or referenced by the Surgical Data Recorder to support the analysis of the OR situation.

A Network Coding Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

Due to the particularities of the underwater environment, some negative factors will seriously interfere with data transmission rates, reliability of data communication, communication range, and network throughput and energy consumption of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). Thus, full consideration of node energy savings, while maintaining a quick, correct and effective data transmission, extending the network life cycle are essential when routing protocols for underwater sensor networks are studied. In this paper, we have proposed a novel routing algorithm for UWSNs. To increase energy consumption efficiency and extend network lifetime, we propose a time-slot based routing algorithm (TSR).We designed a probability balanced mechanism and applied it to TSR. The theory of network coding is introduced to TSBR to meet the requirement of further reducing node energy consumption and extending network lifetime. Hence, time-slot based balanced network coding (TSBNC) comes into being. We evaluated the proposed time-slot based balancing routing algorithm and compared it with other classical underwater routing protocols. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol can reduce the probability of node conflicts, shorten the process of routing construction, balance energy consumption of each node and effectively prolong the network lifetime.