Correct Control Research Articles

Dynamic laboratory control of iron deficiency correction in neurosurgical patients

Introduction. The concept of blood management in relation to the surgical treatment of surgical diseases recommends the correction of iron defi ciency anemia (IDA) at the prehospital stage. However, surgery is often performed for emergency indications, making it necessary to carry out treatment as soon as possible.Aim – to evaluate the possibilities of using delta hemoglobin (Delta-He) to monitor the effectiveness of IDA therapy in neurosurgical patients at the prehospital stage to reduce the time required to prepare patients for hospitalization.Materials and methods. A total of 42 patients were treated with high-dose iron preparations (iron [III] carboxymaltosate and iron [III] hydroxide oligoisomaltosate). During the treatment, the dynamics of the number of reticulocytes and the values of the hemoglobin delta were evaluated. Data are presented as median (IQR).Results. Treatment with high-dose iron preparations led to an increase in Delta-He values starting from days 1–2. Significant changes were recorded by days 3–4 from the start of therapy: from 2.2 (0.3–4.9) pg to 15.5 (13.8–10) pg on day 7. These changes were 2–3 days ahead of the increase in the number of reticulocytes in the corresponding blood samples: the number of reticulocytes significantly increased by days 5–6 from the start of treatment.Conclusion. The use of high-dose preparations of iron [III] carboxymaltosate and iron [III] hydroxide oligoisomaltosate in the form of infusion made it possible to prepare neurosurgical patients for hospitalization within a week. None of the patients required transfusion of erythrocyte-containing components of donated blood at any stage of surgical treatment. The ability to focus on Delta-He values instead of the number of reticulocytes during iron therapy made it possible to shorten the waiting period for the effect of drug exposure by 2–3 days.

Aberrant glial activation and synaptic defects in CaMKIIα-iCre and nestin-Cre transgenic mouse models

Current scientific research is driven by the ability to manipulate gene expression by utilizing the Cre/loxP system in transgenic mouse models. However, artifacts in Cre-driver mouse lines that introduce undesired effects and confound results are increasingly being reported. Here, we show aberrant neuroinflammation and synaptic changes in two widely used Cre-driver mouse models. Neuroinflammation in CaMKIIα-iCre mice was characterized by the activation and proliferation of microglia and astrocytes in synaptic layers of the hippocampus. Increased GFAP and Iba1 levels were observed in hippocampal brain regions of 4-, 8- and 22-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice compared to WT littermates. Synaptic changes in NMDAR, AMPAR, PSD95 and phosphorylated CaMKIIα became apparent in 8-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice but were not observed in 4-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice. Synaptophysin and synaptoporin were unchanged in CaMKIIα-iCre compared to WT mice, suggesting that synaptic alterations may occur in excitatory postsynaptic regions in which iCre is predominantly expressed. Finally, hippocampal volume was reduced in 22-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice compared to WT mice. We tested the brains of mice of additional common Cre-driver mouse models for neuroinflammation; the nestin-Cre mouse model showed synaptic changes and astrocytosis marked by increased GFAP+ astrocytes in cortical and hippocampal regions, while the original CaMKIIα-Cre T29-1 strain was comparable to WT mice. The mechanisms underlying abnormal neuroinflammation in nestin-Cre and CaMKIIα-iCre are unknown but may be associated with high levels of Cre expression. Our findings are critical to the scientific community and demonstrate that the correct Cre-driver controls must be included in all studies using these mice.

EXPLORING AGE AND RACE DIFFERENCES IN THE REPORT OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AMONG WOMEN AGING IN CUSTODY

Abstract Survey data for this study was collected from N = 544 women, aged 18 and older (M = 39.03; SD = 10.32), under correctional custody in Oklahoma. Participants reported an average of M = 4.94; SD = 2.94 childhood adversities. Chi-square analyses revealed that age was associated with the proportion of women who experienced parental divorce (χ(2, N = 525) = 8.03, p < .05., lived with a substance abuser (χ(1, N = 528) = 7.14, p < .05), lived with a mentally ill household member (χ(2, N = 524) = 15.04, p < .05) and lived with household member who went to prison (χ = (2, N = 528) = 18.99, p < .001). Race was also associated with the proportion of participants who reported experiencing a household member go to prison (χ(1, N = 538, = 15.92, p < .001). Furthermore, race was associated with the proportion of women who reported not feeling loved by family (χ(1, N = 525), = 4.87, p < .05), being physical hurt or injured by a parent (χ(2, 525) = 8.01 p < .05), and being verbally insulted or humiliated (χ = 7.38 (1, N = 537, p < .01). Results suggest that age and race are associated with the self-disclosure of past childhood adversities among women in custody. This has implications relative to how clinicians such as social workers, counselors, and psychiatrists provide rehabilitative services and programs to women-of-color aging under correctional control.

Blood, incompatibility and hearing

This study aims to analyze the relationship between blood incompatibility and hearing, through the severity that occurs in the perinatal period in the fetus and newborn. Systematic descriptive review is subject to the principles adopted by the Cochrane systematic review. This review made it possible to demonstrate the relation between hearing loss and blood incompatibility and the degrees of severity of the pathology in newborns. The ear as one of the most important sense organs for the development and acquisition of the human being in relation to the environment must remain functional. If there are any birth alterations, they would delay the correct development and in turn, would generate problems for the proper acquisition of language. Therefore, it is necessary to have correct gestational control to avoid the associated risk factors that could happen due to hearing loss.

Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Control in Industries

Abstract—Due to rising electricity prices, wastage of electrical energy needs to be reduced through countering the electric pollution in the circuit. Power factor correction and harmonics control is necessary in industries. Power factor correction can be done through placing capacitors in parallel in the circuit. Power factor of nearly 1 is the most efficient. Harmonics can be controlled with the help of linear reactors. In this paper we will discuss about the power factor correctors and linear reactors for harmonic attenuation. Keywords—Power factor, linear reactor, harmonics, power quality.

TERRAIN PREDICTION WITH A LOW-COST LIDAR SENSOR FOR MOBILE ROBOTS

Abstract. Terrain modelling influences various aspects of mobile robot navigation. The ability to explore in rough terrain and to recognise ground conditions are essential to perform different activities efficiently, safely and satisfactorily. For this reason, intelligent vehicles and robotic systems need cognitive capabilities to understand the terrain and derive information from it. The information is mostly acquired and processed by very high resolution 3D-cameras and LiDAR sensors which provide full 360-degree environmental view to deliver accurate 3D data. The aim of this paper is to find out whether a low-cost sensor variant can measure sufficient and significant data from the terrain in order to modify the navigation behaviour and provide the correct control commands. In this paper we describe a low-cost sensor with Infrared Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology and 64 pixel depth image. Furthermore, different experiments on the detection of the sensor were conducted and with appropriate filters and signal processing algorithms the environmental perception could be significantly improved. In summary, our results provide both evidence and guidelines for the use of the selected sensor in environmental perception to improve local obstacle detection and terrain modelling, which we believe will lead to a very cost-effective improvement in competence and situational awareness.

Synthesis of an Invariant Automatic Control Systems with an Internal Model

The article is devoted to the modernization of typical cascade automatic control systems with stabilizing and corrective PI controllers. Such automatic control systems, in addition to the main signal (of adjustable value), use an additional leading signal that reacts to the disturbance faster than the main one. The leading signal effectively compensates for internal disturbances arising in the system by adjusting the stabilizing controller. The temperature control system of superheated steam boiler units of thermal power plants may be taken as an example. The task of determining the configuration parameters of such dual-circuit systems is quite difficult. With a relatively low inertia of the internal circuit, the speed of the stabilizing controller is quite high, and transients in it do not affect the quality of regulation in the external circuit with a corrective controller. This makes it possible to calculate the optimal settings of the latter only by the dynamic characteristics of the inertial section using conventional methods developed for single-circuit systems. The main disadvantage of such automatic control systems is that they do not allow, with close inertia of the contours, to significantly improve the quality of working out the main impacts during the jump of the task, internal and external disturbances. To eliminate this drawback, an invariant cascade automatic control system with an internal model is proposed that takes into account the dynamics of both the internal and external contours with an inertial section of the object when choosing the structure and setting up the corrective controller. In this case, the internal model is used to fully compensate for the main feedback of the system when working out the task signal, as well as to isolate an equivalent external disturbance, for which an invariance differentiator is used to compensate. The invariant cascade automatic control system makes it possible to significantly increase the speed and accuracy compared to the standard one.

Dynamic learning-based fault tolerant control for robotic manipulators with actuator faults

In this paper, a learning-based active fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme for robot manipulators with uncertainties and actuator faults is proposed. Unlike traditional FTC methods, with dynamic learning theory, both uncertainties and actuator faults can be accurately identified/learned by radial basis function networks. Based on the learned knowledge, dynamical classifiers and experience-based controllers corresponding to different fault modes are constructed. With the help of dynamical classifiers, fault detection and isolation can be obtained rapidly and accurately, and the correct experience-based controller (instead of the controller reconfigured online) corresponding to the current fault system is selected to compensate for faults, and superior control performance is achieved, even in the presence of faults. The simulation studies demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed FTC method.

The psychological impact, risk factors and coping strategies to COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in the sub-Saharan Africa: a narrative review of existing literature

BackgroundThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the physical and mental health of the general population worldwide, with healthcare workers at particular risk. The pandemic's effect on healthcare workers' mental well-being has been characterized by depression, anxiety, work-related stress, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence, protecting the mental well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) is a considerable priority. This review aimed to determine risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes and protective or coping measures to mitigate the harmful effects of the COVID-19 crisis among HCWs in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe performed a literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Embase for relevant materials. We obtained all articles published between March 2020 and April 2022 relevant to the subject of review and met pre-defined eligibility criteria. We selected 23 articles for initial screening and included 12 in the final review.ResultA total of 5,323 participants in twelve studies, predominantly from Ethiopia (eight studies), one from Uganda, Cameroon, Mali, and Togo, fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Investigators found 16.3–71.9% of HCWs with depressive symptoms, 21.9–73.5% with anxiety symptoms, 15.5–63.7% experienced work-related stress symptoms, 12.4–77% experienced sleep disturbances, and 51.6–56.8% reported PTSD symptoms. Healthcare workers, working in emergency, intensive care units, pharmacies, and laboratories were at higher risk of adverse mental health impacts. HCWs had deep fear, anxious and stressed with the high transmission rate of the virus, high death rates, and lived in fear of infecting themselves and families. Other sources of fear and work-related stress were the lack of PPEs, availability of treatment and vaccines to protect themselves against the virus. HCWs faced stigma, abuse, financial problems, and lack of support from employers and communities.ConclusionThe prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD in HCWs in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic has been high. Several organizational, community, and work-related challenges and interventions were identified, including improvement of workplace infrastructures, adoption of correct and shared infection control measures, provision of PPEs, social support, and implementation of resilience training programs. Setting up permanent multidisciplinary mental health teams at regional and national levels to deal with mental health and providing psychological support to HCWs, supported with long-term surveillance, are recommended.

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of J2-perturbed impulsive transfer trajectories in long-range rendezvous missions

This paper develops a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) strategy for robust tracking of multi-impulse smooth transfer trajectories in J2-perturbed orbital environments. The reference trajectories are designed for long-range rendezvous of servicing satellites with orbiting targets. In the proposed NMPC, the control signals are velocity increments at the impulse times, and the prediction horizon is variable due to the impulsive nature of the reference trajectories. The reference control input and the impulse times are pre-specified by the reference trajectory. Then, the NMPC calculates the optimal correction control vector to track the trajectory with minimum deviation and control effort, during the time between two consecutive impulses. To arrive near the target at the end of the transfer, the optimization in the last horizon is modified to be free-final-time, with an added soft constraint to minimize the final distance between the servicer and the target satellite. To avoid singularities in the mean dynamics of the J2-perturbed servicer, the equinoctial orbital elements are used in the process model. We also include the first-order long-periodic effects in this model. We investigate the robustness of the proposed NMPC in a simulation environment that additionally models: (i) the first-order short-periodic effects, (ii) a bounded uncertain acceleration to capture unmodelled dynamics, and (iii) burning time for satellite thrusters. Finally, an evolutionary optimization algorithm is implemented and embedded in the controller to decrease the computational complexity and to handle impulsive control inputs. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the tracking effectiveness of the developed controller.

Creation and development of cyber-physical systems under condition of uncertainty interaction of subsystems

The tasks of creation and development of cyber-physical systems are considered. Cybernetic and physical subsystems can be presented in digital and analog form. The physical subsystem that simulates nature is presented in an analog form. Physical subsystems and processes, both natural, in particular, and technogenic, can behave like “things in themselves.” Therefore, the processes of synchronization of analog processes with cybernetics are often difficult to formalize or are not performed correctly enough. This applies to both obvious cases in problem areas of ecology, mining, energy, and in computers under conditions of inappropriate behavior of programs, ensuring the reliability of testing. This leads to the emergence of uncertainties accompanying the integration of subsystems and control in the system as a whole. The nature of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion in the known representation requires taking into account the features at the level of this class of systems. These problems are considered at the levels of deterministic, stochastic and uncertainty. The well-known models of monitoring, control of a physical subsystem cannot be directly used for control. The development of correct control actions is considered from the standpoint of transforming such models. These models for dynamical systems are represented by differential equations. It is necessary to develop input-output models for the subsequent synthesis of controls.

Correct Pump Choice

Water often appears on construction sites and needs to be dealt with effectively to ensure safety, control costs and avoid delays. Here we examine how pump selection is critical for the correct control, management and removal of water.

Pose Detection and Automatic Deviation Correction Control Strategy of Crawler Walking Equipment in Coal Mines

Autonomous navigation technology is the basis of underground crawler walking equipment automation. Based on research of the sector laser pose parameter detection method, a pose detection system based on a cross laser is proposed. The mathematical model between pose parameters, laser receiver measurement data and tilt sensor measurement data is established by vector algorithm and the expression of key pose parameters is deduced. This paper studies the deviation correction control strategy of crawler walking equipment and puts forward the point deviation correction control strategy based on roadway excavation technology. Firstly, the end position of the path is determined according to the initial pose of the roadheader. Then, Bessel curve is used to plan the path between the starting point and the endpoint, and the pure tracking algorithm is used to track the planned path. The measurement errors of X and Y coordinates and yaw angle of roadheader within 10 80 m shall not exceed 10 mm, 32 mm and 0.65°. Using the point deviation correction strategy, the positioning error of the roadheader at the end of the path is less than 13 mm, and the yaw angle error is less than 0.16°. In the deviation correction process, the maximum angular velocity of the roadheader is 0.07 rad/s, which is less than 0.82 rad/s of the conventional deviation correction strategy. The results show that the point deviation correction strategy can not only ensure the accuracy of motion control, but also improve the stability of equipment motion.

Research on Automatic Deviation Correction Device and Control System for Prevent Conveyor Belt Deviation in the Curve Section

Research on Automatic Deviation Correction Device and Control System for Prevent Conveyor Belt Deviation in the Curve Section

Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Linked with Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology and Cognitive Deficits.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a strong risk factor for AD that shares similar abnormal features including metabolic dysregulation and brain pathology such as amyloid and/or Tau deposits. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with T2D. While excess BCAAs are shown to be harmful to neurons, its connection to AD is poorly understood. Here we show that individuals with AD have elevated circulating BCAAs and their metabolites compared to healthy individuals, and that a BCAA metabolite is correlated with the severity of dementia. APPSwe mouse model of AD also displayed higher plasma BCAAs compared to controls. In pursuit of understanding a potential causality, BCAA supplementation to HT-22 neurons was found to reduce genes critical for neuronal health while increasing phosphorylated Tau. Moreover, restricting BCAAs from diet delayed cognitive decline and lowered AD-related pathology in the cortex and hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice. BCAA restriction for two months was sufficient to correct glycemic control and increased/restored dopamine that were severely reduced in APP/PS1 controls. Treating 5xFAD mice that show early brain pathology with a BCAA-lowering compound recapitulated the beneficial effects of BCAA restriction on brain pathology and neurotransmitters including norepinephrine and serotonin. Collectively, this study reveals a positive association between circulating BCAAs and AD. Our findings suggest that BCAAs impair neuronal functions whereas BCAA-lowering alleviates AD-related pathology and cognitive decline, thus establishing a potential causal link between BCAAs and AD progression.

Formal Safety Net Control Using Backward Reachability Analysis

Ensuring safety is crucial for the successful deployment of autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and robots acting close to humans. While there exist many controllers that optimize certain criteria, such as energy consumption, comfort, or low wear, they are usually not able to guarantee safety at all times for constrained nonlinear systems affected by disturbances. Many controllers providing safety guarantees, however, have no optimal performance. The idea of this article is, therefore, to synthesize a formally correct controller that serves as a safety net for an unverified, optimal controller. This way, most of the time, the optimal controller is in charge and leads to a desired, optimal control performance. The safety controller constantly monitors the actions of the optimal controller and takes over if the system would become unsafe. The safety controller utilizes a novel concept of backward reachable set computation, where we avoid the need of computing underapproximations of reachable sets. We have further developed a new approach that analytically describes reachable sets, making it possible to efficiently maximize the size of the backward reachable set. We demonstrate our approach by a numerical example from autonomous driving.

Modulation of lipid peroxidation and energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa as a mechanism ofantiulcer activity of placental cryoextract in the healing of stress-induced ulcers

Background. Peptic ulcer disease has a leading place in the overall structure of digestive diseases: its prevalence is 6.00–10.0% of the population in developed countries, and mortality ranges from 6 to 9.7 per 100 thousand population. An important etiological factor of this pathology is the neuropsychological background, primarily stress, which under repeated exposure becomes the initiating factor of physiological imbalance between the elements of aggression and protection of the gastric mucosa. The purpose was to establish the mechanisms of the protective activity of placental cryoextract based on the biochemical indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the gastric mucosa on a model of stress-induced erosive-ulcerative damage. Materials and methods. Studies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress in rats according to the K.Y. Takagi etal. In the gastric mucosa, the content of reactants with thiobarbituric acid was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of T. Asakawa etal., catalase activity— spectrophotometrically by the method of M.A.Korolyuk etal., the content of reduced glutathione— spectrophotometrically by the method of E.D. Beutler etal., the level of adenyl nucleotides was determined using chromatographic method. Energy charge was calculated by D.E. Atkinson equation. Results.The prophylactic five-day use of placental cryoextract led to a decrease in the severity of stress-induced lipid peroxidation and energy imbalance in the gastric mucosa. Thus, it was found that rats who received placental cryoextract had a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in adenosine triphosphate content by 73.3%, an increase in adenosine diphosphate (p<0.001) by 37.3% and a decrease in adenosine monophosphate (p<0.001) by 47.6% that led to an increase in energy charge (p<0.001) by 35.1% compared to rats exposed to water-immobilization stress without correction (control group). It was shown that the use of placental cryoextract led to a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in the antioxidant-prooxidant index by 3.1 times versus control group, which was (26.60±0.96) and (8.60±0.43), respectively. Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of placental cryoextract leads to the restoration of balance in the system of adenyl nucleotides and, accordingly, to a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in the energy charge by 35.1% compared to the control animals. Inhibition of stress-induced hyperactivation of lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa is one of the mechanisms of its antiulcer activity.

About the bosonic decays of heavy Higgs states in the (N)MSSM

The heavy, doublet-dominated Higgs bosons expected in Two-Higgs-Doublet-Model-like extensions of the Standard Model are obvious targets for searches at high-energy colliders, and considerable activity in this sense is currently employed in analyzing the results of the Large Hadron Collider. For sufficiently heavy states, the SU(2)_textrm{L} symmetry drastically constrains the decays of these new scalars. In models that contain only additional Higgs doublets, fermionic decay channels are expected to dominate, although some bosonic modes may lead to cleaner signals. The situation is very different if the Higgs sector is further extended by singlet states and the singlet-dominated scalars are kinematically accessible, in which case the Higgs-to-Higgs widths may even become dominant. Yet, a quantitative interpretation of the experimental data in terms of a specific model also runs through the control of radiative corrections in this model. In this paper, we examine the bosonic decays of the heavy, doublet-dominated Higgs states in the MSSM and the NMSSM at full one-loop order, insisting on the impact of the SU(2)_textrm{L} symmetry and the effects of infrared type, in particular, the emergence of sizable non-resonant contributions to the three-boson final states.

Relaxing Assumptions, Improving Inference: Integrating Machine Learning and the Linear Regression

Valid inference in an observational study requires a correct control specification, but a correct specification is never known. I introduce a method that constructs a control vector from the observed data that, when included in a linear regression, adjusts for several forms of bias. These include nonlinearities and interactions in the background covariates, biases induced by heterogeneous treatment effects, and specific forms of interference. The first is new to political science; the latter two are original contributions. I incorporate random effects, a set of diagnostics, and robust standard errors. With additional assumptions, the estimates allow for causal inference on both binary and continuous treatment variables. In total, the model provides a flexible means to adjust for biases commonly encountered in our data, makes minimal assumptions, returns efficient estimates, and can be implemented through publicly available software.

Input voltage estimation method and suppression of distortion caused by DC voltage ripple for input current control of PFC

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method for input current control of power factor correction (PFC) with continuous conduction mode (CCM), which does not require input voltage detection. As a control method that does not use input voltage detection, pulse width modulation (PWM) with the inductor current as the modulated signal is already in practical use however, this approach has limitations for the range of inductance values used. In CCM‐PFC, the input rectified voltage and low‐frequency component of the voltage of the switching circuit are approximately equal in the stable state as well as proportional to the PWM signal. This study uses the previous modulated signal as the estimated voltage value to generate an instantaneous current command for feedback control. In addition, a method to suppress the influence of the DC voltage ripple by changing the voltage control gain according to the value of the DC voltage was employed. From the evaluation, it was confirmed that the harmonics of the input current were suppressed within the specified range of values.