Correct Control Research Articles

Resting-State fMRI to Identify the Brain Correlates of Treatment Response to Medications in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lessons From the CUNMET Study.

Neuroimaging research seeks to identify biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although clinical translation of findings remains distant. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) is increasingly being used to characterize functional connectivity in the brain. Despite mixed results to date and multiple methodological challenges, dominant hypotheses implicate hyperconnectivity across brain networks in patients with ADHD, which could be the target of pharmacological treatments. We describe the experience and results of the Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Spain) Metilfenidato (CUNMET) pilot study. CUNMET tested the feasibility of identifying R-fMRI markers of clinical response in children with ADHD undergoing naturalistical pharmacological treatments. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 56 patients with ADHD (18 treated with methylphenidate, 18 treated with lisdexamfetamine, and 20 treatment-naive patients). Standard preprocessing and statistical analyses with attention to control for head motion and correction for multiple comparisons were performed. The only results that survived correction were noted in contrasts of children who responded clinically to lisdexamfetamine after long-term treatment vs. treatment-naive patients. In these children, we observed stronger negative correlations (anticorrelations) across nodes in six brain networks, which is consistent with higher across-network functional segregation in patients treated with lisdexamfetamine, i.e., less inter-network interference than in treatment-naive patients. We also note the lessons learned, which could help those pursuing clinically relevant multidisciplinary research in ADHD en route to eventual personalized medicine. To advance reproducible open science, our report is accompanied with links providing access to our data and analytic scripts.

Quality control decision of government procurement of elderly care service based on multi‐index fusion of Pythagoras TOPSIS: Perspective of complex network

In the face of quality problems in government procurement of elderly care services, mastering relationships between quality‐influencing factors and identifying key factors is beneficial for managers to make correct quality control decisions. From the complex networks' perspective, quality‐influencing factors of government purchasing elderly care services are obtained by case analysis, and the influencing factors' network topology is constructed. Importance indexes of nodes are determined with complex network theory, and multi‐indexes are fused by the Pythagoras TOPSIS to evaluate the importance of each factor. The results reveal key factors in the quality of government procurement of elderly care services.

Association of Individual and Familial History of Correctional Control With Health Outcomes of Patients in a Primary Care Center

Research has shown that experiences of incarceration, probation, and parole are associated with worse health outcomes for incarcerated individuals and their families. To quantify the proportion of patients in an urban primary care clinic with an individual or family history of incarceration, probation, and/or parole and to evaluate how correctional control is associated with subjective and objective health outcomes. This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study used patient surveys and retrospective medical record review to assess the experience of correctional control among 200 English-speaking adult patients presenting for care at the Rhode Island Hospital Center for Primary Care between July 9, 2019, and January 10, 2020. Patient surveys included closed and open-ended questions pertaining to personal or familial experiences of incarceration, probation, and parole, as well as health outcomes associated with these experiences. Medical record review abstracted key health indicators and health care use data. In this cross-sectional study of 200 adult patients (1 participant was removed from the full analytic sample owing to missing ethnicity data; 113 of 199 men [56.8%]; mean [SD] age, 51.2 [14.0] years) presenting for primary care, 78 of 199 (39.2%) had a history of incarceration, 32 of 199 (16.1%) were on probation or parole at the time of the study, and 92 of 199 (46.2%) reported having a family member with a history of incarceration. Of the 199 patients, 62 (31.2%) identified as non-Hispanic Black, 93 (46.7%) identified as non-Hispanic White, and 44 (22.1%) identified as belonging to another race (American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, or other nonspecified). Compared with participants without a history of correctional control, those with a personal history of incarceration were at greater odds of having an emergency department visit that did not result in hospitalization in models adjusted for age, sex, and race and ethnicity (odds ratio, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.47-5.75). This cross-sectional study suggests that primary care clinicians should screen for correctional control as a prevalent social determinant of health.

Gaze-controlled Robot-assisted Painting in Virtual Reality for Upper-limb Rehabilitation.

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Robot-assisted rehabilitation systems show great promise for motor recovery after a stroke. In this work, we present a gazecontrolled robotic system for upper limb rehabilitation. Subjects perform a painting task in virtual reality. We designed a novel and challenging painting task to encourage motivation and engagement, as these are critical factors in treatment efficacy. Because the robotic system can be programmed to provide varying amounts of assistance or resistance to the subject, it can be applied to a wide range of patients at different phases of recovery. We describe here the system configured in two modes: resistive control and hierarchical control. The former is designed for later stages of recovery, where the patient's impaired limb has recovered some function. It can be configured to provide varying degrees of resistance by adjusting the properties of an admittance controller. The latter targets patients in more acute phases, where the impaired limb is less responsive. It provides a combination of assistive and corrective control. We pilot tested our system on 10 able-bodied subjects. Our results show that the system can provide varying degrees of resistive control, and that the integration of high level control modulated by gaze can improve engagement. These results suggest that the system may provide a more engaging environment for a wide range of rehabilitative therapies than currently available.

Study on the mechanism of hydrate adhesion on the surface of rocks and minerals

Natural gas hydrate is mainly enriched in the low temperature and high pressure environment such as the extremely cold permafrost zone and the polar continental shelf, which is a renewable energy with great development value. The analysis of the adhesion mechanical properties of gas hydrate on the surface of rock and mineral is of great significance for the correct evaluation and effective control of the influence of gas hydrate on sedimentary layers. In this paper, an experimental device for visualizing the adhesion of hydrate wall under atmospheric pressure was built to directly test the adhesion strength of hydrate on the rock wall. The influence mechanism of the microstructure of rock wall and the types of rock minerals on the adhesion strength of hydrate was studied. It was found that the adhesion strength of hydrate on the sandstone wall was greater than that of carbonate rock salt. The higher the surface roughness of rock and mineral, the higher the adhesion strength of hydrate.

A Novel Non-Uniform Frame Structure Model for Power System Disturbance Propagation Analysis

The disturbance propagation mechanism is crucial for the preventive, corrective, and in-extremis control of power grids. This paper proposes a novel non-uniform frame structure model for power system disturbance propagation analysis. A general state transition model of the power grid is derived from the electromechanical wave propagation process. This is further used together with the Gaussian function to derive the non-uniform heterogeneous inertial continuum model, where the non-uniform parameters of the inertia are estimated using the state transition model. The proposed non-uniform frame structure model can be integrated with the electromechanical wave equation to study the disturbance propagation process. These novel developments allow us to tackle the inertial loss and uniform homogenous assumption in existing models. Extensive comparison results carried out on both the chain grid and the IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate that the proposed model can achieve 5- and 3-times accuracy improvements of the state-of-the-art SHU-FSM and ISHU-FSM models, respectively.

Li-Ion Battery and Supercapacitor Modeling for Electric Vehicles Based on Pulse – Pseudo Random Binary Sequence

Energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are arousing a growing interest in many areas of industrial applications since they allow improving the dynamic response and efficiency. In this sense, the availability of electric models of batteries and supercapacitors is necessary for the correct sizing, control, and energy management of power systems. In order to identify the parameters of the equivalent electric model, the identification current profile is often a pulse of charge or discharge. Subsequently, these models are validated with a current verification profile. However, the verification profile compared to the identification profile is more dynamic in amplitude and frequency, producing validation errors due to the identification signal's limited bandwidth. This paper proposes a novel Pulse – Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (Pulse – PRBS) identification current profile, with similar spectral characteristics to the verification profile, in order to improve the modeling accuracy. The parameters of a Lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor are obtained with this new identification current profile and the Optimization Toolbox of Matlab, using the electrical models in Simulink or Simscape. Finally, the models are validated with the Urban Driving Cycle ECE-15 and the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) for electric vehicle applications.

A method for optimal operation of HVAC with heat pumps for reducing the energy demand of large-scale non residential buildings

One of the key elements for improving the energy performance of large-scale non-residential buildings is recognized as the correct management and control of the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. In real applications, the main shortcomings are represented by the lack of involving occupants presence and behavior, and by the lack of application of dynamic control able to guarantee optimality of operation with the aim of controlling building energy demand. This present study aims at evaluating the perspective of energy savings achievable with the broadening of the energy perspective to indoor air quality thanks to occupants’ monitoring and at showing some of the potentialities arising from the implementation of an optimal control of the HVAC. This provides insights about the possibility of achieving significant energy savings by using measures of minimal complexity. The proposed measures involve demand-controlled ventilation as representative of occupant-centric control strategies, and an improved control of the heat pump and chiller supply water temperature, and of heat recovery equipment as representative of supervisory control strategies. The analysis which is carried out by means of dynamic simulation has been applied to an academic building situated in Pisa. The achieved energy saving can reach the value of 44%, a significant part (33%) of which is guaranteed by the application of demand-controlled ventilation, consequent to a direct monitoring of the presence inside the building. This shows the major importance of implementing occupant-centric control strategies, which will also return useful in the new paradigm of building occupation after COVID-19 pandemic experience.

Simulation of Crane Trolley Motion Control to Reduce Load Sway

the work aims to develop a method for controlling a crane trolley, providing a decrease in the swinging of the load on the rope at a given positioning accuracy and minimum time for moving the load.Computer simulation of the trolley controlled movement with a load on a rope was carried out within the "Universal Mechanism" software.The 2D computer model includes a trolley with a pulley, a rope with a hook, and a load. T-force represents the wind force effect.The control system (CS) contains three blocks that ensure the movement of the trolley with limited speed and acceleration, the positioning accuracy of the trolley, limiting the deviation and acceleration of a load. List of requirements for the crane CS comprises six issues.The simulation results illustrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method. The swing angle and trolley positioning accuracy can be controlled within the acceptable range and the external wind disturbance on the load can be successfully suppressed. The optimal parameters of the proportional-differential corrective control, which ensure the minimum travel time of the trolley with limited oscillation of the load, have been determined. The optimal values of the control parameters depend on the inertial characteristics of the load. The maximum permissible values of speed, acceleration, and positioning errors of the trolley limit from above the optimal values of the control parameters.

Real-Time Coordinated Scheduling for ADNs With Soft Open Points and Charging Stations

This paper proposes a real-time coordinated scheduling method for active distribution networks (ADNs) with soft open points (SOPs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) via multi-timescale framework under uncertainties. Specifically, this method is achieved with day-ahead pre-scheduling and intra-day corrective control stages by coordinating various flexible resources at different timescales. The day-ahead stage is designed to reduce operational cost, regulate voltage profile and avoid risk exposure through joint scheduling of traditional devices, SOPs and PEVs on hourly basis. In intra-day corrective control stage, an hour is further divided into two timescales. The slow-timescale scheduling (STS) aims to corrective coordination of SOPs and across-time-and-space energy transmission of PEVs, and nested within the STS, the fast-timescale scheduling optimally coordinates the active & reactive power of SOPs and PV inverters to handle fast voltage fluctuations as well as against real-time uncertainties. The formulated three models are all transformed into second-order cone programming problems via sample weighted average approximation (SWAA), linearization and conic relaxation, which can be thus efficiently solved. Case studies based on three modified distribution systems (including two IEEE test systems and one actual distribution network) are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Bus Holding of Electric Buses With Scheduled Charging Times

In high-frequency electric bus services, bus operators strive to increase the service regularity by minimizing the deviation between the planned and actual headways. In this pursue, bus operators apply corrective control strategies, such as bus holding(s) at control point stops. This study expands the traditional headway-based, bus holding models to cater for the planned arrival times of electric buses at the respective charging points. To this end, this study models - for the first time - the bus holding problem for electric buses considering the scheduled charging times in the objective function. Additionally, it introduces an analytic solution that can return an optimal holding decision in real-time. Our approach is tested using realistic data from bus line 15 in Amsterdam demonstrating a significant reduction of charging delays with only a marginal increase of the average passenger waiting times when compared to existing holding strategies. Its closed-form expression is suitable for real-time holding control and can be applied to obtain a reliable solution or perform stochastic optimization in the case of travel time uncertainty.

비-기본 모드 고장이 존재하는 비동기 순차 회로에 대한 모델 정합 제어

This paper proposes a novel corrective controller that achieves model matching for asynchronous sequential circuits vulnerable to faults occurring to transient states. When such faults occur, asynchronous sequential circuits, in the course of exhibiting their transient behaviors, experience unauthorized state transitions, thereby reaching faulty next stable states. We will address the existence condition and the design procedure for a proper corrective controller that matches the stable-state behavior of the controlled asynchronous sequential circuit to that of a reference model while eliminating the adverse effects of all faults occurring in transient states. The corrective controller and the asynchronous sequential circuit will be implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to evaluate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed control scheme.

An isolated‐boost‐converter‐based unidirectional three‐phase off‐board fast charger for electric vehicles

In this work, a novel three-phase unidirectional off-board Electric Vehicles (EVs) fast charger is proposed. Each phase of the proposed converter consists of a two-stage converter. The first stage is an AC–DC front-end converter with power factor correction (PFC) control. The front-end AC–DC converter is based on an isolated boost converter, which has a boosting capability and provides galvanic isolation. In this stage, parallel-in parallel-out isolated boost converter modules are employed in each phase. This enables sharing the current among modules to avoid implementing one module with a high current rating to meet the fast-charging requirements. The multimodule option provides fault-ride through capability for the proposed charger. The DC outputs of involved phases, that is, three isolated DC voltages, are fed to three cascaded DC–DC unidirectional buck converters. The charging terminals are used to charge the EV battery through a filter inductor with a charging current controller's aid. A detailed illustration of the suggested closed-loop controllers is presented to ensure a successful operation for the proposed architecture. A simulation case study for a 25-kW charger is presented. Finally, a 1-kW prototype is implemented for experimental validation.

A risk‐based multi‐step corrective control method for mitigation of cascading failures

Minimizing the risk of cascading failures in a power system is vital to balance the operational economy and security. A multi-step corrective control (MSCC) method is proposed to mitigate cascading effects in terms of reducing risk of blackout by considering the multi-step propagation characteristics of cascading failures caused by overload. Based on fault chain model and the DC power flow equation, the dynamic interaction between the process of cascading failures and control schemes is first discussed. The corrective control problem is then expressed as a multi-step decision-making optimisation problem based on the defined risk indices. The MSCC model with flexibility of control timing is designed by optimizing probability weighting expected cost and overload risk of cascading failure. In this control method, generation re-scheduling and load shedding are selected as the main remedial actions, and a multi-layer coding genetic algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal remedial control schemes. The numerical results indicate that control schemes generated by the proposed method could mitigate the cascading failures and result in better performance than non-recurring corrective control (NCC) in terms of economy and operational risk.

Changes in Cell Morphology and Actin Organization in Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured under Different Conditions.

The cellular cytoskeleton provides the cell with a mechanical rigidity that allows mechanical interaction between cells and the extracellular environment. The actin structure plays a key role in mechanical events such as motility or the establishment of cell polarity. From the earliest stages of development, as represented by the ex vivo expansion of naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the critical mechanical role of the actin structure is becoming recognized as a vital cue for correct segregation and lineage control of cells and as a regulatory structure that controls several transcription factors. Naïve ESCs have a characteristic morphology, and the ultrastructure that underlies this condition remains to be further investigated. Here, we investigate the 3D actin cytoskeleton of naïve mouse ESCs using super-resolution optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). We investigate the morphological, cytoskeletal, and mechanical changes in cells cultured in 2i or Serum/LIF media reflecting, respectively, a homogeneous preimplantation cell state and a state that is closer to embarking on differentiation. STORM imaging showed that the peripheral actin structure undergoes a dramatic change between the two culturing conditions. We also detected micro-rheological differences in the cell periphery between the cells cultured in these two media correlating well with the observed nano-architecture of the ESCs in the two different culture conditions. These results pave the way for linking physical properties and cytoskeletal architecture to cell morphology during early development.

Patterns of Care for Incarcerated Head and Neck Cancer Patient Receiving Radiation: A Single-Center Retrospective Descriptive Cohort Study

United States (US) have the highest incarceration rate in the world. In the context of the US justice system, many inmates are older than 55 years of age and as such are at an increased risk of cancer development. Additionally, largely due to mass incarcerations, correctional control is associated with significant racial disparities, further layering the complexity of the prison population's health. The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of care in incarcerated head and neck (H&N) cancer patients who received radiation treatment (RT) as a part of the management of their malignancy.Following IRB approval, a total of 44 charts of patients who were imprisoned for at least a part of their radiation treatment were manually reviewed. The variables extracted included demographic data (age, race, gender), vital status, tumor site, stage, social history, cancer history, RT purpose, RT plan details (start, end, duration, dose, fractionation, completion as prescribed, concurrent systemic treatment), weight loss, surveillance (loss to follow-up) and oncologic outcomes (tumor recurrence.) Data was summarized using descriptive statistics.A total of 41/44 inmates were males (93%), 13/44 (29.5%) were African American. Median age at diagnosis was 49.5 years (range 27-68). A total of 21/44 tumors (47%) were oropharyngeal tumors, followed by 9 laryngeal tumors (20%). A total of 41 patients (93%) had a previous smoking history (median 20 pack years), and 30 (68%) had documented history of alcohol abuse. Most common treatment purpose was post-operative (47%) followed by definitive (40%). The most common tumor histology reported was squamous (77%), and the most common stage at diagnosis was stage IV, reported in a total of 32 (72%) of patients. Median time between surgery date and RT start date was 65 days (9.28 weeks), median time from radiation oncology consult to radiation treatment start was 29.5 days. Overall, a total of 7 patients (15%) did not complete treatment as prescribed. A total of 11 (25%) of patients progressed. The median progression-free survival for those who progressed was 409 days (range 102 - 2310). The time interval between the detection/confirmation of progression and an intervention was 89.4 days on average (range 0 - 252 days). The frequency of loss to follow-up was 77%. A total of 12 patients (27%) died.Incarcerated patients represent a vulnerable population, yet very little is known about patterns of care for those who require RT as a part of the management of their H&N cancer. Oropharyngeal cancers were predominant in our cohort, while oral tongue is the most common anatomic site of H&N cancer in the US. We noted the median time between surgery and RT of almost ten weeks (NCCN recommends initiating radiotherapy within 6 weeks), and the average time of almost 90 days from confirmation of disease progression and intervention. These data suggest that there may be venues for quality improvement in oncologic care for incarnated patients.

How structural and individual factors help explain socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors

Abstract Socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors have been attributed to both structural and individual factors, but untangling the complex pathways through which these factors influence inequalities requires more research. We examined whether and how two factors, material conditions and time orientation, sequentially impact socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors. Dutch adults 25 and older self-reported socioeconomic position (SEP) (educational level); material conditions (financial strain, housing tenure, income); time orientation; health behaviors including smoking and sports participation; and health behavior-related outcomes including body mass index (BMI) and self-assessed health in three waves (2004, 2011, 2014) of the longitudinal GLOBE study. Two hypothesized pathways were investigated during a ten-year time period using sequential mediation analysis, an approach that enabled correct temporal ordering and control for confounders like baseline health behavior. Educational level was negatively associated with BMI, positively associated with sports participation and self-assessed health, and not associated with smoking in the mediation models. For smoking, sports participation, and self-assessed health, a pathway from educational level to the outcome mediated by time orientation followed by material conditions was observed. Time orientation followed by material conditions may help explain socioeconomic inequalities in certain health behaviors, providing empirical support for the interplay between structural and individual factors. Smoking may be determined by prior smoking behavior regardless of SEP, potentially due to its addictive nature. While intervening on time orientation in adulthood may be challenging, the results from this study suggest that policy interventions targeted at material conditions may be more effective in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in certain health behaviors when they account for time orientation. Key messages Socioeconomic inequalities in certain health behaviors were mediated by time orientation followed by material conditions, showing the importance of considering both structural and individual factors. Policy interventions targeted at material conditions may be more effective in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in certain health behaviors when they account for time orientation.

State-Burst Feedback Control for Fault Recovery of Input/State Asynchronous Sequential Machines

Static corrective controllers are more efficient than dynamic ones since they consist of only logic elements, whereas their existence conditions are more restrictive. In this paper, we present a static corrective control scheme for fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of input/state asynchronous sequential machines (ASMs) vulnerable to transient faults. The design flexibility of static controllers is enlarged by virtue of using a diagnoser and state bursts. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a diagnoser and static fault tolerant controller are presented, and the process of controller synthesis is addressed based on the derived condition. Illustrative examples on practical ASMs are provided to show the applicability of the proposed scheme.

Variable Duty Cycle Control with PSO-PI Controller for Power Factor Correction and Fast Regulation

Variable Duty Cycle Control with PSO-PI Controller for Power Factor Correction and Fast Regulation

Hemofiltration in the Management of Severe Pediatric Burns: Experience in a UK Burns Centre and Systematic Review.

Pediatric burns are life-threatening injuries due to the acute injury and secondary complications. In acute-phase burns, hypovolemia and vasoconstriction cause renal impairment. Sepsis and multiorgan failure compound the problem resulting in morbidity and mortality. This paper outlines 5 years' experience using hemofiltration in major pediatric burns, and a review of the current literature. Retrospective patient data collection was undertaken identifying relevant pediatric burns undergoing Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration. Data were analyzed to identify demographics, indication, duration of therapy, and outcomes. A systematic review was also performed using PRISMA principles. PubMed, Science Direct, and OVID databases were explored and relevant papers were included. From January 2015 to December 2019, hemofiltration was utilized in five cases. Age range 3 to 15 years (mean: 12), four males/one female, and mean weight 56 kg (12-125 kg). TBSA 21% to 61% (mean: 37.6%), mechanism of injury was scald-60%, flame-40%. Overall survival was 100%. Three patients were filtered for a brief period during the first 24 hours to correct metabolic acidosis and control temperature. Two patients required prolonged therapy. All patients recovered without further long-term renal support. A total of 3814 papers were identified for systematic review. Three were considered relevant for inclusion. This paper reflects the benefits of hemofiltration in the management of severe pediatric burns. Renal replacement therapy is useful in managing metabolic acidosis, temperature control, and renal failure. The current literature supports judicious use on a patient-by-patient basis. Given the lack of evidence in the literature, further studies are required to establish guidelines for the use of hemofiltration in pediatric burns.