Correct Answer Rate Research Articles

Toward a comparison and an optimization of CT protocols using new metrics of dose and image quality part I: prediction of human observers using a model observer for detection and discrimination tasks in low-dose CT images in various scanning conditions

In the context of reducing the patient dose coming from CT scanner examinations without penalizing the diagnosis, the assessment of both patient dose and image quality (IQ) with relevant metrics is crucial. The present study represents the first stage in a larger work, aiming to compare and optimize CT protocols using dose and IQ new metrics. We proposed here to evaluate the capacity of the Non-PreWhitening matched filter with an eye (NPWE) model observer to be a robust and accurate estimation of IQ. We focused our work on two types of clinical tasks: a low contrast detection task and a discrimination task. We designed a torso-shaped phantom, including Plastic Water® slabs with cylindrical inserts of different diameters, sections and compositions. We led a human observer study with 13 human observers on images acquired in multiple irradiation and reconstruction scanning conditions (voltage, pitch, slice thickness, noise level of the reconstruction algorithm, energy level in dual-energy mode and dose), to evaluate the behavior of the model observer compared to the human responses faced to changing conditions. The model observer presented the same trends as the human observers with generally better results. We rescaled the NPWE model on the human responses by scanning conditions (kVp, pitch, slice thickness) to obtain the best agreement between both observer types, estimated using the Bland-Altman method. The impact of some scanning parameters was estimated using the correct answer rate given by the rescaled NPWE model, for both tasks and each insert size. In particular, the comparison between the dual-energy mode at 74 keV and the single-energy mode at 120 kVp showed that, if the 120 kVp voltage provided better results for the smallest insert at the lower doses for both tasks, their responses were equivalent in many cases.

AB0902-HPR COVID-19 PANDEMIC: KNOWLEDGE, BELIEVES AND FEARS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

Objectives:To investigate the knowledge, believes, and fears of patients with Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (CIRD) in Morocco regarding the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods:COVID-19 related knowledge was evaluated through following items: clinical presentations, age of infection, transmission routes, self-reported preventive behaviors, patient’s approach in case of suspicion of being infected by COVID-19 and vaccination. We also investigated the source of the patients’ information.Believes and fears of patients regarding COVID-19 was assessed using 2 items that explored participant’s perception of the degree of threat to public health and their individual infection susceptibility compared to the general population.Results:A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with rheumatic diseases using a questionnaire providing information on patients and disease characteristics.350 patients had participated in this online survey (mean age of 46,1 ± 14,4, 68% were women, 15.7% were illiterate, 45.7% were unemployed, rural residence in 11.7% of cases).The correct answer rates of the 6 questions of the knowledge section of the questionnaire were 53.4-100% with an average mean of 90.7%. The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 5,43/6 (SD:0,48). Most participants (96.6%) correctly identified the age group concerned about Covid-19 infection. Remarkably 92.3% of the participants recognized 3 clinical features when 97.7% and 72.3% of the sample recognized perfectly modes of transmission and disease prevention measures. 87.4% of patients knew the recommended course of action to do if they have fever or cough and have recently been in contact with an infected patient. 64% of the study population thought that there was no vaccine available yet.The sources of information on COVID-19 were in descending order: rheumatologist (56.6 %), personal research (on the internet or other) (43.4%), video broadcasts on national television channels (28%), other Awareness Video (24.2%).Regarding the patients believes and fears toward COVID-19, 81.7% of patients believed that the pandemic is a serious threat for the public health and 80.6% thought that their CIRD makes them more exposed to the risk of contamination than general population.Conclusion:The results of this survey show a high prevalence of patient concern about COVID-19. However, the majority of patients responded correctly on the mode of transmission and the means of protection for the COVID-19 infection. Those results could be explained by enormous awareness-raising efforts carried out by our differents departments of our government.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Implementation of Photoplethysmography Measurement System Based on Convolution Neural Network for Personalized Exercise Intensity

With increasing interest in health, many people are exercising to lose weight, prevent disease, and improve cardiorespiratory function. For effective exercise, users should proceed with appropriate intensity depending on their physical strength. The system implemented in this paper classifies exercise intensity according to PPG signal using CNN training model for objective exercise intensity classification. The PPG signal was measured after exercise through the PPG sensor, and the training data set was constructed that based on the interval between P-peaks. The training data set is trained on the CNN model to classify the three exercise intensity according to the PPG signal. In order to analyze the accuracy of the implemented CNN training model, the performance evaluation of the classification evaluation metrics and the exercise intensity classification monitoring system was performed. First, the performance evaluation of the CNN model for classifying exercise intensity was conducted. In the performance evaluation, the classification evaluation metrics was calculated according to the training result, the recall rate representing the percentage of successful prediction among the actual correct answers, the precision representing the actual correct answer rate among the predicted data, and the F 1 score representing the harmonic average of recall and precision were confirmed. As a result of CNN training model classification evaluation metrics, it was the accuracy was 99.3%, the recall rate was 99.9%, the precision was 99.8%, and the F 1 score was 99.4%. Second, to evaluate the performance of the exercise intensity classification monitoring system, jump rope experiment was conducted with 5 subjects. The experiment measured PPG at the end of each set after low, moderate, and high intensity jump rope. The classification accuracy was analyzed by entering the measured PPG data into the CNN model 50 times each. As a result of the experiment, the accuracy of low intensity was 98%, moderate intensity was 93.6%, and high intensity was 97.6%, confirming a total accuracy of 96.4%. Some errors are thought to have occurred due to the fact that the data located at the boundary line between the exercise intensity was classified incorrectly. In future studies, we would like to conduct a study of exercise intensity monitoring system that can be applied to various exercises by measuring acceleration signals for each exercise together.

Percepciones de estudiantes de Medicina sobre el impacto de la inteligencia artificial en radiología

ObjectivesTo analyze medical students’ perceptions of the impact of artificial intelligence in radiology. Material and methodsA structured questionnaire comprising 28 items organized into six sections was distributed to students of medicine in Spain in December 2019. ResultsA total of 341 students responded. Of these, 27 (7.9%) included radiology among their three main choices for specialization, and 51.9% considered that they clearly understood what artificial intelligence is. The overall rate of correct answers to the objective true-or-false questions about artificial intelligence was 70.7%. Whereas 75.9% expressed their disagreement with the hypothesis that artificial intelligence would replace radiologists, only 41.9% disagreed with the hypothesis that the demand for radiologists would decrease in the future. Only 36.7% expressed concerns about the role of artificial intelligence related to choosing radiology as a specialty. A greater proportion of students in the early years of medical school agreed with statements that radiologists accept artificial-intelligence-related technological changes and work with the industry to apply them as well as with statements about the need to include basic training about artificial intelligence in the medical school curriculum. ConclusionsThe students surveyed are aware of the impact of artificial intelligence in daily life, but not of the current debate about its potential applications in radiology. In general, they think that artificial intelligence will revolutionize radiology without having an alarming effect on the employability of radiologists. The students surveyed think that it is necessary to provide basic training about artificial intelligence in undergraduate medical school programs.

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Patient Knowledge Questionnaire-Osteoarthritis.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Patient Knowledge Questionnaire-Osteoarthritis (PKQ-OA-K). A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 157 adults with osteoarthritis from the outpatient clinic at a university hospital in Korea. The overall correct answer rate for the PKQ-OA-K was 60.4%; notably, the drug therapy subscale had the lowest median score percentage (42.9%). For structural validity, exploratory factor analysis identified the PKQ-OA-K as two-dimensional, explaining 52.4% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-factor model adequately fit the data. The PKQ-OA-K was positively correlated with education level (r = 0.24) and osteoarthritis outcomes (r = 0.17), thus verifying the hypotheses of construct validity. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.52; alpha was 0.44. The PKQ-OA-K has excellent validity but imperfect reliability for adults with osteoarthritis. This study recommends cautious use of the PKQ-OA-K to assess Korean patients' knowledge of osteoarthritis.

Autonomic dysregulation and impairments in the recognition of facial emotional expressions in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Emotions are involved in the identification of safety cues in the environment, and are also related to social interaction through recognition of emotional facial expressions. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be an indicator of the adaptive response of the autonomic nervous system to stressful conditions, including pain. This study aimed to investigate the emotional processing in a sample of patients with chronic musculoskeletal by measuring the resting-state HRV and the ability to recognize facial emotion expressions. This cross-sectional study was composed of 40 participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain and 40 asymptomatic participants. Resting HRV was measured for 10min. The facial emotion recognition task was presented in videos and included modification from a neutral expression to faces of fear, anger, sadness, happiness, and disgust. For the facial emotion recognition task, the hit rate (%) and response time for each emotional category were measured. The symptomatic group had a mean high frequency (HF) lower (mean=34.14; SD=16.95; p<0.001) than the asymptomatic group (mean=51.11; SD=13.01; p<0.001). The emotional facial expressions of disgust (H (1, 80)=7.82; p<0.01), anger (H (1, 80)=13.56; p<0.01), sadness (H (1, 80)=6.58; p=0.01), and happiness (H (1, 80)=12.68; p<0.01) were those for which volunteers from the symptomatic group had a lower hit rate of correct answers compared to the asymptomatic group. The response time to corrected answers showed a major group effect (F (1.77)=21.11; p<0.001) and emotional category (F (4.308)=174.21; p<0.001), without presenting any interaction between the factors (F (4.308)=0.446; p=0.775). The symptomatic group was slower to perform the task of identifying facial emotional expression (7.066s; SD=1.188) than the participants in the asymptomatic group (6.298s; SD=1.203) for all emotional categories. Participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain presented a lower vagal activity evidenced by HRV. Participants in the symptomatic group showed lower ability to recognize faces of disgust, anger, and sadness when compared to asymptomatic participants. Considering that individuals with low resting HF-HRV have difficulties with regulating their emotions, the lower vagal activity and lower ability to recognize faces of emotional expressions observed in chronic musculoskeletal pain may suggest alterations in emotional processing. This study may shed light on changes in the emotional processing and in the autonomic nervous system in this population.

Improvements in the degree of understanding the treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in a nationwide dissemination and implementation study.

BackgroundTo implement clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), it is necessary for psychiatrists to deepen their understanding of the CPGs. The Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE) project is a nationwide dissemination and implementation study of two sets of CPGs for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsA total of 413 psychiatrists (n = 212 in 2016; n = 201 in 2017) learned the two CPGs in the education program of the EGUIDE project, and clinical knowledge of these CPGs was evaluated at baseline and after the programs. To improve the correct answer rate for clinical knowledge after the programs, we revised the lecture materials associated with items that had a low correct answer rate in 2016 and used the revised lecture materials with the CPGs in 2017. The rates of correct answers after the programs between the 2016 and 2017 groups were compared.ResultsThe correct answer rate of one item on the schizophrenia CPG and one item on the MDD CPG tended to be improved (S‐D5 and D‐C6) and that of one on the MDD CPG was significantly improved (D‐D3, P = 0.0008) in the 2017 group compared to those in the 2016 group.ConclusionsWe reported improvements in clinical knowledge of CPGs after the EGUIDE program in the 2017 group following revision of the lecture materials based on results from the 2016 group. These attempts to improve the degree of understanding of CPGs may facilitate the successful dissemination and implementation of psychiatric guidelines in everyday practice.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Secondary School Students Toward COVID-19 Epidemic in Korea

본 연구는 중ㆍ고등학교 학생들에게 코로나19에 대한 지식과 태도를 알아보고 코로나19(코로나바이러스감염증-19, COVID-19) 감염예방과 교육을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구는 C도 소재 중ㆍ고등학생 339명을 대상으로 구글(Google) 설문지를 이용하여 2020년 10월에 실시하였다. 코로나19에 대한 관련 지식, 태도는 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차로 분석하였다. 코로나19 관련 지식과 태도의 상관정도는 Pearson’s correlation coefficient로 분석하였으며, 상관분석의 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 중ㆍ고등학생들의 지식 점수는 14점 만점에 10.30±1.96으로 나타났다. 개인별 최소 점수는 5점 이었으며, 최대 점수는 14점 이었다. 전체 각 문항에 대한 평균 정답률은 73.6%였으며, 문항 중 가장 낮은 정답률은 33.33%, 가장 높은 정답률은 95.58%으로 나타났다. 코로나19에 대한 태도 점수는 55점 만점에 42.16±6.80으로 나타났다. 개인별 최소 점수는 16점 이었으며, 최대 점수는 55점 이었다. 전체 문항에 대한 평균 점수는 4.11점이였으며, 문항 중 가장 낮은 점수는 3.48점, 문항 중 가장 높은 점수는 4.37점으로 나타났다. 이처럼 높은 정답률과 점수는 코로나19의 확산 정도가 범세계적으로 대 유행을 하고 있는 팬데믹(Pendemic) 상황에서 감염에 대한 불안감이 무엇보다도 높았기 때문이라고 생각된다. 또한, 정부 및 지자체, 각종 방송, 학교에서 코로나19에 대한 방역 예방 지침들을 지속적으로 홍보했기 때문이라고 생각된다. 코로나19와 같은 바이러스로부터 자신의 건강과 사회적, 국가적, 범세계적 확산을 방지하기 위해서는 질병관리청(질병관리본부)과 같은 국가기관에서 신뢰성 있는 정보와 예방 활동 수칙 등을 지속적으로 교육하고 홍보할 필요가 있으며, 이러한 기회를 살려 국가재난시스템을 정비하고 관리하는 능력을 배양할 필요가 있다고 생각한다.This purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of secondary schools students at the time COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic in Korea to provide the necessary data for preventing and educating COVID-19. In the month of October 2020, a web-based survey, Google Questionnaire, was used to collect data with a total of 339 students in middle and high schools located in C -do. The frequency, percentile, mean and standard deviation of the knowledge and attitude on COVID19 were collected for data analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare linear relationships between the knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Out of 15 points, the average score of knowledge toward COVID-19 was 10.30±1.96 while the lowest and highest individual scores were 5 and 14 points. An average of 73.6% of participants answered correctly for each selected-response question while the lowest and highest correct answer rates were 33.33 and 95.58%. Out of 55 points, the average score of attitude toward COVID-19 was 42.16±6.80 while the lowest and highest individual scores were 16 and 55 points. The average score for all questions was 4.11 points while the lowest and highest score were 3.48 and 4.37 points. We believe that achieving high percentage of correct answers and scores on COVID-19 questionnaire by the participants in this study due to the high degree of anxiety about the rapid spread of global pandemic COVID-19 and also our government and local governments, various broadcastings, and schools have continuously promoted the quarantine prevention guidelines for COVID-19. In order to protect ourself and others from COVID-19 and prevent the spread of COVID-19 worldwide, it is necessary to continuously educate and promote reliable information and prevention activities by the national institution such as KDCA (Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency). In conclusion, making use of this opportunity, it needs to be cultivated the ability to maintain and manage the national disaster system.

Assessing the compliance with the direction indicated by emergency evacuation signage

The type and relative position of evacuation signage to evacuees’ location can affect their likelihood to understand and comply with the information provided. To address this issue, a Virtual reality (VR) experiment with 60 participants was carried out to investigate the effect of signage vs viewer placement on the compliance with the indicated direction in case of evacuation. The VR experiments were conducted with a head mounted display. Different independent variables linked to the signage placement/type were investigated in a VR underground square scenario, namely (1) the installation position (i.e., distance, angle of interaction), and (2) the arrow type in use on the signage. Participants selected evacuation routes in VR and a questionnaire investigating their degree of confidence regarding their choice was performed. Results show that the angle of interaction affects the evacuees’ chosen direction. Participants showed a higher degree of confidence when the arrow pointed towards the centre of the route. In addition, after a distance of 2.0 m from the centre, the correct answer rate of the evacuation signage for the cases of arrows pointing left, right and up become comparable. The use of an up arrow performed as well as the use of left and right arrows, while an arrow pointing down was not as clearly understood. The concept of visible area ratio is suggested to evaluate the compliance with the direction indicated by evacuation signage. The result is supported by the relationship between the lateral position of the signage and the calculated angle of interaction.

Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19: a cross-sectional study among nursing and midwifery students in Jalingo, Nigeria

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection rate and mortality among Nigerian health care workers appear to be on the increase. Aside from health workers, it has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide. This study determined the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of nursing and midwifery students towards COVID-19 in a North-Eastern Nigerian state.Methods: A total of 156 respondents were involved in this institutional-based cross-sectional study, conducted after the lockdown period. A total of 17 questions were used to assess the KAP with knowledge appraised with 12 questions, attitudes with 2 questions, and practices with 3 questions.Results: The majority of the students (53.80%) possessed a good level of knowledge regarding COVID-19, while 40.4% had fair knowledge regarding COVID-19 with only 5.80% having poor knowledge of COVID-19. The mean knowledge of COVID-19 in this study was 9.40±1.353 with an overall 78% correct answer rate. A vast majority of the respondent (82.7% and 98.1%) had strong confidence in Nigeria and believed that the pandemic will soon be over, respectively. Only a few avoided large gatherings of people (30.8%) with the vast majority reporting to have worn a mask when going out (84.6%) and washing their hands with running water and soap frequently as recommended (73.1%). In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score (OR: 0.39-0.40, 95%CI: 0.26 – 0.62, P&lt;0.05) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative preventive practices towards COVID-19.Conclusions: The participants in this study showed good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices toward COVID-19. There is still a need to strategize and implement periodic educational interventions and training on infection control practices among healthcare workers including students.

Differences in Basic Life Support Knowledge Between Junior Medical Students and Lay People: Web-Based Questionnaire Study.

BackgroundEarly cardiopulmonary resuscitation and prompt defibrillation markedly increase the survival rate in the event of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). As future health care professionals, medical students should be trained to efficiently manage an unexpectedly encountered OHCA.ObjectiveOur aim was to assess basic life support (BLS) knowledge in junior medical students at the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine (UGFM) and to compare it with that of the general population.MethodsJunior UGFM students and lay people who had registered for BLS classes given by a Red Cross–affiliated center were sent invitation links to complete a web-based questionnaire. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in a 10-question score regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge. Secondary outcomes were the differences in the rate of correct answers for each individual question, the level of self-assessed confidence in the ability to perform resuscitation, and a 6-question score, “essential BLS knowledge,” which only contains key elements of the chain of survival. Continuous variables were first analyzed using the Student t test, then by multivariable linear regression. Fisher exact test was used for between-groups comparison of binary variables.ResultsThe mean score was higher in medical students than in lay people for both the 10-question score (mean 5.8, SD 1.7 vs mean 4.2, SD 1.7; P<.001) and 6-question score (mean 3.0, SD 1.1 vs mean 2.0, SD 1.0; P<.001). Participants who were younger or already trained scored consistently better. Although the phone number of the emergency medical dispatch center was well known in both groups (medical students, 75/80, 94% vs lay people, 51/62, 82%; P=.06), most participants were unable to identify the criteria used to recognize OHCA, and almost none were able to correctly reorganize the BLS sequence. Medical students felt more confident than lay people in their ability to perform resuscitation (mean 4.7, SD 2.2 vs mean 3.1, SD 2.1; P<.001). Female gender and older age were associated with lower confidence, while participants who had already attended a BLS course prior to taking the questionnaire felt more confident.ConclusionsAlthough junior medical students were more knowledgeable than lay people regarding BLS procedures, the proportion of correct answers was low in both groups, and changes in BLS education policy should be considered.

Analysis of pediatricians’ knowledge about autism

Background/Aim: In autism spectrum disorders (ASD), early diagnosis is important for treatment, and pediatricians are health professionals who are likely to encounter ASD at the earliest stages. In this study, we aimed to examine the information sources of pediatricians, their current knowledge about autism and the affecting factors. Methods: The study was conducted as an online cross-sectional self-report questionnaire and the data of 145 pediatricians were analyzed. The sociodemographic information form created by the researchers and the Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge of Childhood Autism Questionnaire-Turkish Version were filled by the participants. Correct response rates were divided into quantile values and under 3rd Quartile (Q3) was considered “insufficient information.” Logistic regression analysis was used for descriptive data and factors affecting the level of knowledge. Results: Of 145 participants, 59.3% completed Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) internship during their medical education, 60.7% completed CAP rotation, and 49.7% attended training or meetings related to autism. The highest rate of correct answers in autism knowledge evaluation questionnaire was on "Information on social interaction," while the lowest rate of correct answers was on "Information on neurodevelopmental diseases." For the total correct answer rates, the Q3 and Q1 values were 68.1% and 89.5%, respectively. According to the logistic regression model, being single (Mean: 3.60) and not having an MCS rotation (Mean: 8.49) predicted a score below Q3. Conclusions: Our research shows that in this disorder, where early diagnosis is of foremost importance, pediatricians who regularly monitor children have a high level of knowledge about recognizing autistic symptoms; however, there are some deficiencies in answering questions that will resolve the concerns of families about autism. For this reason, pediatricians who examine a child at least 3-4 times a year need pediatric psychiatry training that will give them specific skills in diagnosing and making recommendations, as well as initiating interventions. Another option is being more involved in departments that will enable them to gain experience in autism.

Heat Conceptions of Elementary School Students and Correct Answer Rate According to Level of Familiarity and Task Contexts

Heat Conceptions of Elementary School Students and Correct Answer Rate According to Level of Familiarity and Task Contexts

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Resident Cape-Verdean Population

Context: The first case of COVID-19 in Cabo Verde was confirmed on March 19, 2020. Since the pandemic beginning in the country, the government and health authorities have adopted a set of restrictive measures to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV- 2, as well as a well-defined risk communication and community involvement strategies. The present study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Cape Verdean resident population towards COVID-19.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1996 participants, aged 16 years old and above. Data collected from 5 to April 12, 2020, via an online self-reporting questionnaire, adapted from a Chinese study. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19.Results: The overall correct answer rate related to the knowledge about COVID-19 was 82% (9.0251 / 11 * 100), 1970 (98.70%) of the participants declared they had stayed at home in recent days, 1926 (96.49%) had not attended parties, funerals or crowded places and 1860 (93.19%) confirmed changes in daily routines due to COVID-19. The majority 1797 (90.26%) of the participants prefered receiving information about COVID-19 in Portuguese and trusted information transmitted by health professionals. Furthermore, television, radio and newspapers were the preferred means of transmitting information about COVID-19. The level of knowledge of the participants does not fully explain the prevention and control practices and attitudes towards COVID-19 (R2 = 0.012; EP = 0.860; F (1.1995) = 24083; P-value = 0.000).Conclusions: These fuindings showed that the resident population had a good level of knowledge about COVID-19 however, there is need for the use of more effective strategies to improve attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 to attain better results in controlling the pandemic in Cabo Verde.Funding: The study did not receive any external funding.Declaration of Interest: None to declare.

Effects of Attitude, Barriers/Facilitators, and Visual Differentiation on Oral Mucosa Pressure Ulcer Prevention Performance Intention.

Oral mucosa pressure ulcers (PUs) can result in frequent pain and discomfort, and have negative effects on quality of life. We aimed to examine attitude, barriers/facilitators of oral mucosa PU prevention, the ability to differentiate oral mucosa PU, and to identify factors influencing PU prevention performance intention. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 112 nurses in seven tertiary hospitals and three secondary hospitals. The data collection period was from August to December 2018. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used. The mean score of attitudes toward oral mucosa PU prevention was 3.74 ± 0.39. Barriers to oral mucosa PU prevention were 5.65 ± 1.66, and facilitators were 5.35 ± 1.34. The mean correct answer rate of visual differentiation ability was 13%. The factors affecting intention to perform oral mucosa PU prevention were facilitators of oral mucosa PU prevention (β = 0.32, p = 0.001) and attitude (β = 0.26, p = 0.005). To increase intention to perform oral mucosa PU prevention, positive attitudes and enhanced facilitators should be encouraged. Therefore, standardized guidelines and strategies, such as educational opportunities and allocation of resources and personnel focused on oral mucosa PU prevention, need to be provided.

Pharmacist intervention to improve patients' knowledge and attitude towards hepatitis B infection.

Lack of knowledge/awareness of people living with hepatitis B (PLH) often leads to misinformation and stigmatisation. This study aimed to assess the contribution of the clinical pharmacist (CP)-led education on knowledge of PLH about their disease. This prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out between 1 October 2017 and 1 April 2018, at infectious disease and gastroenterology outpatient clinics in a university hospital. All PLH were interviewed face-to-face by a CP and a questionnaire about hepatitis B virus (HBV) knowledge was applied both at the beginning of the study (first interview) and 3months later (second interview). Correct information was provided verbally to the patients by the CP concerning their incorrect answers during the first interview. A 10% increase in the number of correct answers was targeted for the second interview. A total of 147 PLH with a mean age of 43.05±13.25years were included in the study (55.8% female). In the first interview, the mean (±standard deviation) number of correct answers was 35.53±9.15 out of 51 questions. In the second interview, correct answers were 48.67±2.74 with an increase of 25.8% (P<.001). In the first interview, the number of correct answers was higher for the following groups: 20-39 age group, people with monthly income of>1081 $ and university graduates. The number of correct answers to all questions but one was elevated (P<.001) in the second interview. Answers to the question "there is a carrier state in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)" did not change (P=.125). Significant improvement was observed in the correct answer rate after CP's contribution, therefore as a team member, CP has an important role in improving patients' knowledge and attitude towards HBV infection.

Investigation of awareness level concerning radiation safety among healthcare professionals who work in a radiation environment

ABSTRACT Radiation safety has become more important issue due to increased use of ionizing radiation in diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness and knowledge level concerning radiation safety among healthcare professionals who work in a radiation environment. The study population consisted of healthcare professionals who work in a radiation environment at a state hospital, a university hospital and a private hospital in Edirne province. The survey used in this study was prepared by the investigators after reviewing previous studies on similar subjects, and opinions were sought from experts in relevant fields. The survey consists of two parts and a total of 28 questions. Results of this study revealed that the rate of correct answers was 68.6% for questions on radiation safety among all healthcare professionals. The present study demonstrated an insufficient level of knowledge and awareness on radiation safety, even in the occupational groups that continuously work in a radiation environment. Periodic trainings should be conducted in hospitals. Pre-test and post-test exercises should be performed in order to increase the effectiveness of the trainings, and interactive case studies specific to the clinic should be included in the program. Finally, with electronic learning programs which may be implemented at national level, all relevant persons would have access to these programs.

The impact of online physics testing on correct answer rates

The impact of online physics testing on correct answer rates

The Impact of Test Time and Question Order on Answer Rate and Correct Answer Rate in Japanese Language Placement Tests

The Impact of Test Time and Question Order on Answer Rate and Correct Answer Rate in Japanese Language Placement Tests

Retracted] Monitoring System of Key Technical Features of Male Tennis Players Based on Internet of Things Security Technology

Nowadays, the development and innovation of tennis have basically been integrated with the Internet, and the penetration of big data is accelerating the development of tennis. Collect data and statistics about tennis matches, analyze the key winning factors of the game, assign players’ gains and losses, and assign points. Fully understand the game’s tactics and various key technical functions of the player and enhance the influence of the game’s attention. Therefore, as the era of the Internet of Things is about to come, the development of sports events in my country should seize the opportunity of innovation in the application of Internet of Things technology, accelerate the process of upgrading informatization and intelligence, and achieve leapfrog development. This article is aimed at studying the use of the Internet of Things security technology, research, and design a monitoring system for the key technical characteristics of male tennis players. This paper proposes to develop a novel real‐time video semantic analysis prototype system for tennis matches, taking the video from the monitoring perspective of tennis matches as the analysis object. The experimental results in this article show that from Wimbledon to the Australian Open, the Australian Open is very slow, and finally, to the French Open, the speed of the ball slows down and improves the accuracy of the tennis crisis system. The average level and the correct answer rate are 61.37%. Eventually, it rose from the highest 86.13% to 86.92%, and the highest was the lowest. It seems that a monitoring system for the basic technical characteristics of male tennis players is more feasible.