Public Corpus Research Articles

Decades of insight: a 25-year bibliometric analysis of the Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship

PurposeIn celebration of its 25th anniversary, this paper aims to analyze the corpus of publications in the Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship (JRME) since its inception, using bibliometric techniques. It identifies publication trends, scientific productivity, authors’ collaborations and topic clusters within JRME and proposes future research directions for its audience.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses bibliometric techniques to investigate all of the published works in JRME from 1999 (inception) to 2023. It extracts all published articles from the Scopus database and employs VOSviewer and Gephi software to perform bibliographic coupling and network analysis.FindingsThe study identified 278 documents published at JRME between 1999 and 2023, with a notable annual growth of approximately 30% over the past two years. It describes the journal’s productivity and influence, identifies key contributors along with their affiliated institutions and countries and outlines the journal’s most impactful publications. Through bibliographic coupling, this research identifies six thematic clusters within JRME’s body of work and outlines the evolution and impact of each cluster. Although the United States and the United Kingdom were identified as central hubs in the journal’s academic network, the study found robust evidence for the journal’s excellence in fostering international collaborations. The study also identifies important implications for future research at the JRME, highlighting the need to explore emerging topics in the field and adopt more diverse methodologies.Originality/valueThis analysis offers a thorough overview of the intellectual structure that JRME has contributed to literature, highlighting its crucial role in influencing the conversation around marketing and entrepreneurship.

ORIENTAL CODE OF “LISOVA PISNIA” BY LESIA UKRAЇNKA

Despite the considerable corpus of scholarly publications addressing to genius Lesia Ukraїnka’s legacy, we are far from the global multifaceted comprehension of her phenomenon. The article presents a new interpretation of “Lisova Pisnia” by Lesia Ukraїnka through the prism of oriental aesthetics (code), which goes through the life and oeuvre of the poetess, made on the base of the systematic method of research, which includes such modern methods of literary analysis as: contact technique in combination with the biographical method; the parallel method, in particular in the study of literary analogies and contrasts in the literatures of different continents and eras (“Lisova Pisnia” by Lesia Ukraїnka and “The Epic of Gilgamesh”); elements of Freudian psychoanalysis; a hermeneutic and poststructuralist approach (a textual analysis offers many different codes that are at the same time closely intertwined and incomplete); intertextual approach and elements of feminist criticism. The target readership for the article is all the interested in Ukrainian literature and culture in the global context.

TRENDS OF COMPUTATIONAL THINKING RESEARCH IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AREA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This study aims to map the evolution of research on computational thinking (CT) within the context of science and technology, with a particular focus on science education and physics learning. Through a content analysis of a corpus of scholarly publications from 2015 to 2023, this study seeks to identify annual trends in research on computational thinking and computational thinking skills in the context of science and technology, with a deeper exploration of the context of science education and physics learning. A content analysis guide was employed as the research instrument. In synthesizing the articles, four main aspects were examined: (1) the number of publications per year, (2) research subject areas, (3) research types, and (4) the treatments and variables measured in computational thinking research in science education and physics learning. An analysis of the number of publications, research areas, methodologies, treatments, measured variables, and findings revealed a significant increase in interest in CT in 2022, particularly in the social sciences. Quasi-experimental research emerged as the dominant approach, with a focus on developing and evaluating learning interventions that integrate CT. The use of technology in computational thinking activities to enhance students' computational thinking skills in science education and physics learning was highlighted. The findings of this study have important implications for future research, such as expanding the diversity of research methodologies, delving deeper into CT instruments and data analysis techniques, conducting more in-depth studies on technology products designed to enhance computational thinking skills, and exploring a wider range of learning contexts.

A Bibliometric Studies: Digital Learning and Teacher Teaching Quality

This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis aimed at exploring the intersection between digital learning and teacher teaching quality. In recent years, the landscape of education has been significantly influenced by advancements in digital technology, leading to the widespread adoption of digital learning platforms. An overview of the importance of digital learning and high-quality teacher instruction in modern education is given in the introduction section. The problem statement outlines the main obstacles and gaps in the research on digital learning and the calibre of teaching methods. By elucidating these issues, the study aims to address pertinent questions concerning effective pedagogical strategies in the digital era and ways to enhance teachers’ effectiveness. Methodologically, this study employs bibliometric analysis techniques and VOSviewer version 1.16.20 to examine a corpus of scholarly publications retrieved from reputable databases. The focus is on identifying relevant literature, analysing citation patterns, and mapping out thematic trends and research trajectories. Through systematic data extraction and analysis, this approach enables the synthesis of existing knowledge and the identification of prominent themes and research clusters. The results of the bibliometric analysis reveal significant insights into the scholarly landscape of digital learning and teacher teaching quality. Findings include the identification of seminal works, influential authors, key research themes, and emerging trends. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the current state of research on digital learning and teacher teaching quality. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, it provides a foundation for future research endeavours aimed at advancing our understanding of effective educational practices in the digital age.

Infective Endocarditis Due to S. Aureus in Adult Patients: Clinical Study in Neiva (2022-2024)

A documentary review was conducted on the production and dissemination of research papers pertaining to the study of infective endocarditis in adult patients and clinical care. The objective of the bibliometric analysis presented in this document was to ascertain the principal characteristics of the corpus of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2022-2024, resulting in the identification of 95 publications. The data provided by this platform was organized into graphs and figures, which categorized the information by year of publication, country of origin, area of knowledge and type of publication. Subsequently, the position of different authors regarding the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis, once the aforementioned characteristics have been described. The research yielded several noteworthy findings. Notably, the United States led in scientific production, with 40 publications, among countries with authors affiliated with institutions in that nation. The area of knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material related to the study of infective endocarditis in adult patients and clinical care was medicine, with 89 published documents. Furthermore, the most used type of publication during the period indicated above was the journal article, which constituted 88% of the total scientific production. Furthermore, a case study is proposed for the care of this type of patient in a clinic in Neiva, Huila, Colombia. Through the observation technique, it is expected that the cases presented in older adults and their evolution will be characterized.

Tree knowledge structure for better insight: Capturing biomedical science-technology knowledge linkage with MeSH

Measuring the knowledge linkage between science and technology (S&T) is crucial for understanding the interactions between S&T and assisting decision-makers in strategizing research and development investments. Conventional analyses of S&T knowledge linkage have frequently overlooked the semantic structure of knowledge elements thereby introducing biases in the measurements. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel method predicated on the tree semantic structure, which quantifies the S&T linkage by considering the hierarchy and category of knowledge elements within an ontological framework. In this method, knowledge trees are constructed to represent the core knowledge of S&T literature, incorporating hierarchically organized MeSH descriptors. These knowledge trees are subsequently utilized to measure the knowledge linkage between S&T by integrating intra-branch knowledge similarity and inter-branch knowledge distribution. An empirical analysis was conducted on a substantial corpus of scientific publications and patents within the biomedicine sector. The findings predominantly revealed a stronger knowledge linkage between S&T in recent years, relative to the early 2000 s. It was also observed that patents are more inclined to include broader concepts in their titles and abstracts, in contract to the more specific concepts found in scientific publications. S&T literatures have increasingly focused on knowledge related to diseases, equipment, and health care. To verify the reliability of the proposed method, validation was performed with alternative measurements of knowledge linkage. In comparison to single-feature-based linkage measurements and network-based approaches, our proposed method demonstrates superior adaptability in capturing S&T linkage, especially when there is a marked disparity in the sample sizes of S&T literature. This study not only enriches the measurements of S&T knowledge linkage, but also furnishes empirical insights into the evolving patterns of S&T linkage within the biomedical domain.

Trends on Study of Women During Menopausal Transition

This study is a bibliometric analysis with the aim to explore scientific publications related to the psychological well-being of women in the perimenopause transition phase. The analyzed data was sourced from scientific articles indexed by Scopus from 1985 to October 2023. Scientific article search technique was conducted by tracking scientific publication documents in a database through search queries with search string. Analysis results provided four main findings: (1) psychology is not the only scientific discipline that studies issues related to the menopausal transition phase and not the field of study that produces the highest number of scientific publications; (2) publications related to the menopausal transition phase with the highest level of influence in the discipline of psychology are dominated by mental health topics such as depression and sleep disorders; (3) academic interest in studying the menopausal transition phase in psychology is increasing with each publication period; and (4) a diversity of study topics has emerged as interest in studying the menopausal transition phase has increased; however, in the last twenty years, there has been a trend towards stagnation of studies on the topic of perimenopausal depression and decrease of research interest in various dimensions of psychological well-being. The conclusion of this study is that bibliometric metadata of a scientific publication corpus is dynamic, causing metrics to change with time, and that analysis can be utilized to see trends in scientific publications related to the issue of women's physical and psychological health in the menopausal transition phase.

Geriatric Trauma: Identifying Research Gaps and Opportunities for Improvement.

Geriatric trauma is a critical area of research owing to the increasing elderly population and the unique challenges associated with their injuries. This study aimed to explore the intellectual structure, growth, spatial analysis, seminal publications, most frequent keywords, trending topics, conceptual structure, and thematic evolution of geriatric trauma research (GTR).A comprehensive analysis was conducted using VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands) and Biblioshiny (K-Synth Srl, University of Naples Federico II, Italy) to examine a corpus of scholarly publications (N = 682) related to GTR (2004-2024). Bibliographic data were collected from the Scopus database and analyzed to highlight the key findings and trends.The analysis revealed the leading contributors to GTR. Over the years, there has been an increased interest in geriatric trauma, as demonstrated by the increasing trend in research publications. Collaboration patterns among nations were determined through spatial analysis, and insights into significant topics and their influence were offered by influential publications. Keywords used frequently as well as current issues formed part of this study's findings, which give insight into what was most focused on within the GTR. Themes and their development over time were made explicit by revealing their conceptual structures and thematic evolutions.GTR has increased significantly. Interdisciplinary approaches are suggested for future research. Furthermore, gaps need to be addressed using technological advancements that will help improve geriatric trauma management and lead to better patient outcomes.

Work Conflict Map: A Bibliometric Review of Key Elements and Their Development

Work conflict is a pervasive phenomenon within organizational dynamics, garnering significant scholarly attention due to its multifaceted nature and profound impact on organizational performance and individual well-being. This bibliometric review scrutinizes the evolving landscape of work conflict literature, aiming to identify key trends, thematic clusters, and future research directions. By systematically analyzing a corpus of publications retrieved from reputable academic databases, including Scopus and Web of Science, this study provides a comprehensive overview of prevailing research themes and their development over time. Through methods such as overlay visualization, influential author analysis, clustering analysis, and density visualization, this study illuminates the intricate interplay between various constructs associated with work conflict, such as stress, job satisfaction, burnout, and leadership. Key findings underscore the evolving nature of work conflict research, highlighting emergent themes such as the impact of the pandemic, health-related concerns, and gender-specific experiences. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of proactive conflict management strategies and organizational support mechanisms in mitigating the negative consequences of work conflict. The findings of this study have significant implications for both researchers and practitioners, providing valuable insights into the current state of knowledge regarding work conflict and guiding future research endeavors aimed at fostering collaborative and innovative organizational cultures. Keywords: Work conflict, Bibliometric review, Research trends, Conflict management, Organizational dynamics.

Bibliometric Exploration of Factors Affecting Community Involvement in Environmental Law Enforcement

This research conducts a comprehensive bibliometric exploration to unravel the factors influencing community involvement in environmental law enforcement, a critical aspect of safeguarding ecosystems and public health. Environmental law enforcement relies heavily on community participation, yet understanding the determinants shaping such involvement remains incomplete. Through a systematic analysis of scholarly literature, this study aims to bridge this gap by identifying key themes, trends, and gaps in understanding community dynamics in environmental law enforcement contexts. The research employs bibliometric techniques to analyze a vast corpus of publications, exploring factors such as social norms, economic conditions, and enforcement strategies affecting community engagement. The findings not only contribute to theoretical understanding but also offer practical insights for policymakers, environmental agencies, and community organizers to enhance community participation in environmental protection efforts.

The use of artificial intelligence technologies in foreign language teaching: the subject of methodological works for 2023 and prospects for further research

Importance. The rapid spread of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and the use of AI tools in education have stimulated the emergence of a large body of scientific and methodological works devoted to methods of foreign language teaching based on AI. At the same time, most of the publications are not distinguished by obvious scientific novelty or practical value. The purpose of the research is to analyze and classify scientific articles on methods of foreign languages teaching, published in Russian highly rated scientific publications in 2023, to highlight the main subjects of the works of scientists and to identify methodological gaps and prospects for further methodological research.Materials and Methods. The research is conducted on the basis of scientific articles on methods of foreign languages teaching, published in scientific journals listed by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation (K1, K2) for 2023. The research is based on an expert approach, which allows, through analysis of the corpus of scientific publications, to summarize the data obtained, highlight existing patterns, put forward hypotheses regarding the prospects for further research in the chosen area, and also identify a range of issues that have not been resolved. Within the framework of this approach, the following theoretical research methods are used: analysis of scientific publications, classification and summarization of data.Results and Discussion. In the course of the research, the main subjects of scientific and methodological work on methods of foreign language teaching based on AI are determined: a) vectors of using artificial intelligence in education; b) chatbots and voice assistants in teaching foreign language verbal communication; c) corpus technologies of artificial intelligence in the formation of students’ lexical and grammatical skills and research work; d) automation of the process of monitoring the development of foreign language speech skills and the formation of students’ language skills; e) the use of neural networks in foreign language teaching; f) the use of neural networks in research work; g) requirements for the competence of a foreign language teacher in the field of artificial intelligence; h) requirements for the competence of students in the context of the integration of artificial intelligence into education.Conclusion. The author included the following issues of foreign language teaching based on artificial intelligence technologies as research prospects: a) methodology for foreign language teaching based on AI; b) linguodidactic potential of existing and emerging AI tools; c) types of feedback from generative artificial intelligence; d) types of intelligent learning systems and their capabilities; e) teaching according to an individual trajectory; f) risks and threats arising in the process of integrating artificial intelligence into education; g) competence of a foreign language teacher in the field of artificial intelligence.

Youth is Prized in Medicine, Old Age is Valued in Law: Analysis of Media Narratives Over 200 Years.

This is the first study to explore how age has influenced depictions of doctors and lawyers in the media over the course of 210 years, from 1810 to 2019. The media represents a significant platform for examining age stereotypes and possesses tremendous power to shape public opinion. Insights could be used to improve depictions of older professionals in the media. This study aims to understand how age shapes the portrayals of doctors and lawyers. Specifically, it compares the difference in sentiments toward younger and older doctors as well as younger and older lawyers in the media over 210 years. Leveraging a 600-million-word corpus of American media publications spanning 210 years, we compiled top descriptors (N=478,452) of nouns related to youth × occupation (eg, younger doctor or physician) and old age × occupation (eg, older lawyer or attorney). These descriptors were selected using well-established criteria including co-occurrence frequency and context relevance, and were rated on a Likert scale from 1 (very negative) to 5 (very positive). Sentiment scores were generated for "doctor/physician," "young(er) doctor/physician," "old(er) doctor/physician," "lawyer/attorney," "young(er) lawyer/attorney," and "old(er) lawyer/attorney." The scores were calculated per decade for 21 decades from 1810 to 2019. Topic modeling was conducted on the descriptors of each occupation in both the 1800s and 1900s using latent Dirichlet allocation. As hypothesized, the media placed a premium on youth in the medical profession, with portrayals of younger doctors becoming 10% more positive over 210 years, and those of older doctors becoming 1.4% more negative. Meanwhile, a premium was placed on old age in law. Positive portrayals of older lawyers increased by 22.6% over time, while those of younger lawyers experienced a 4.3% decrease. In the 1800s, narratives on younger doctors revolved around their participation in rural health care. In the 1900s, the focus shifted to their mastery of new medical technologies. There was no marked change in narratives surrounding older doctors from the 1800s to the 1900s, though less attention was paid to their skills in the 1900s. Narratives on younger lawyers in the 1800s referenced their limited experience. In the 1900s, there was more focus on courtroom affairs. In both the 1800s and 1900s, narratives on older lawyers emphasized their prestige, especially in the 1900s. Depending on the occupation, one's age may either be seen as an asset or a liability. Efforts must be expended to ensure that older professionals are recognized for their wealth of knowledge and skills. Failing to capitalize on the merits of an older workforce could ultimately be a grave disservice not only to older adults but to society in general.

RewriteLM: An Instruction-Tuned Large Language Model for Text Rewriting

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in creative tasks such as storytelling and E-mail generation. However, as LLMs are primarily trained on final text results rather than intermediate revisions, it might be challenging for them to perform text rewriting tasks. Most studies in the rewriting tasks focus on a particular transformation type within the boundaries of single sentences. In this work, we develop new strategies for instruction tuning and reinforcement learning to better align LLMs for cross-sentence rewriting tasks using diverse wording and structures expressed through natural languages including 1) generating rewriting instruction data from Wiki edits and public corpus through instruction generation and chain-of-thought prompting; 2) collecting comparison data for reward model training through a new ranking function. To facilitate this research, we introduce OpenRewriteEval, a novel benchmark covers a wide variety of rewriting types expressed through natural language instructions. Our results show significant improvements over a variety of baselines.

Новые направления актуализации творчества сибирских авторов конца XIX — начала XX века: междисциплинарный аспект

The article examines the problems of demand for works of pre-revolutionary regional authors published on the pages of local periodicals. A review of book series published by both Soviet and modern publishing houses indicates that the work of regional writers, including Siberian ones, is constantly in the attention of publishers. However, not all authors whose works may arouse the interest of readers are still known today. This is due to the fact that most of the texts of local literary talents were not published as separate publications: they are still part of the corpus of newspaper and magazine publications. The purpose of the article is formulated as identifying new directions for updating the work of Siberian pre-revolutionary authors and clarifying the prospects for further activity in reprinting works of interest to the modern reader. The interdisciplinary nature of the research is emphasized, since it is carried out at the intersection of literary studies, journalism, the history of regional press and publishing. The work raises the question of the quality and aesthetic significance of texts published in periodicals, and identifies the circle of authors whose texts may be of interest to the modern reader. The author offers various options for adapting the material in accordance with the reading practices of young people. The conclusions emphasize that the identified new directions for updating the creativity of Siberian pre-revolutionary authors make it possible to combine the efforts of researchers from different scientific fields. The combination of traditional “paper” and digital formats for presenting literary texts will help introduce modern readers to the works of undeservedly forgotten pre-revolutionary writers.

Two decades of research on ocean multi-use: achievements, challenges and the need for transdisciplinarity

This paper offers a comprehensive, analytical, and critically informed overview of the current state of ocean multi-use research. It delves into the origins, trajectory, and driving forces behind this emerging research field, all within the broader context of investigations addressing the management of increasingly diverse and intensifying activities at sea. The Bibliometrix R package is employed to analyze the social, geographical, and conceptual dimensions of multi-use scientific production. The results obtained are then compared to a larger corpus of publications focusing on both multiple-use Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Finally, the paper addresses research gaps, with a particular emphasis on the transdisciplinary challenges associated with translating this new marine policy concept into practical implementation and extending its application beyond European seas.

Transactional distance theory in distance learning: Past, current, and future research trends

The accelerated adoption of distance learning in post-pandemic times has resulted in increasing research publications and review studies in a short time. This necessitates the exploration of a large corpus of academic publications for effective distance learning and learning strategies. As distance learning stakeholders have assimilated the transactional approach to understanding distance learning, transactional distance theory (TDT) is relevant to understand ways to reduce the distance between learners and educators for maximum effectiveness of distance learning. Our study applies TDT to review distance learning from a supply perspective and as a tool to ensure the improved quality of distance learning. This paper has two key contributions: we have presented evidence synthesis and conducted a foresight exercise. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, 275 documents published between 1994 and 2022 were identified for review. Our analysis revealed patterns, relationships, and trends in the application of TDT in various distance learning contexts. Most TDT research is conducted in social sciences (83.7%), with computer science accounting for 42.6% of the studies. The course materials’ structure and design have also received considerable attention, with around 40.0% of the research focused on this area. For distance learning, studies revolve around factors such as student engagement, satisfaction, and TDT, which examine the distance between learners and instructors in various learning environments. Through systematic review and meta-analysis, we identify the three thematic areas in TDT research on distance learning. We have chartered themes on the effect of alternate design distance learning platforms on learner success, pushing the development boundaries in distance learning success through TDT, and the practical processes for designing successful distance learning courses via TDT-based pedagogical frameworks. In doing so, we streamline research in TDT and distance learning thematically and provide insight into further work. In addition, this study analyzed the relationships between sustainable development goal (SDG) and TDT literature. The co-citation analysis suggested that the strongest links were observed between education and innovation (SDG 4 and SDG 9), followed by education and gender equality (SDG 4 and SDG 5).

Товарищеские суды в СССР и европейских странах "народной демократии"

Comrades’ courts were a special form of public justice during the Soviet period of Russian statehood, which was adopted by almost all European countries of “people’s democracy” at the turn of the 1960s. The aim of the present research is to form a scientific understanding of the phenomenon of comradely justice, characteristic of socialist legal systems. The stated scientific problem involves understanding the essence of the system of comrades’ courts, the internal periodization of its development at the stage of Soviet statehood, and understanding the mechanism of its perception by European states of “people’s democracy”. The conducted research is based on normative legal acts that define comradely justice. These include constitutions, civil procedural and criminal procedural codes, criminal codes, regulations and laws on comradely and public courts. The study uses a corpus of scientific publications by domestic and foreign authors that have not received proper understanding in Russian historical and legal science. The logical and functional methods were used as general scientific methods in the study, where the former made it possible to highlight the analogy and identity of comradely justice, and the latter promoted the study of the functions of comradely courts. The applied special scientific methods (historical and axiological) determined the understanding of the essence of comrades’ courts as a specific form of justice in people’s democracies. Comparative legal and formal legal techniques became the reference special research methods, which made it possible to compare comrades’ courts in various people’s democracies. In the course of the research, a comprehensive understanding of the essence of comrades’ courts, the specific forms of their organization, and the peculiarities of their functioning in the USSR and the countries of “people’s democracy” was developed. Comrades’ courts are quasi-judicial agency of public and state power, organically integrated into the concept of a socialist nation-wide state. Despite the general similarity of goals, objectives, and jurisdiction of comrades’ courts, officially, at the legislative level, in most cases they were not included in the judicial system that administered justice. The exceptions were the local people’s courts of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the public courts (conflict commissions) of the German Democratic Republic, which, in accordance with the constitutional legislation of these states, were part of the judicial system and administered justice within the framework of the tasks assigned to them by law. The phenomenon of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the German Democratic Republic gives us every reason to use the term “public justice”. The comrades’ courts that operated in the Hungarian People’s Republic can also be considered as part of the judicial system. However, both the Soviet comrades’ courts and the Polish public court also cannot be considered in isolation from the judicial system: they de-facto carried out public justice delegated by the state.

Methodology of processing bibliographic data in Russian language to construct collaboration networks (using the example of the eLibrary database)

The methodology for processing bibliographic data in Russian is presentedbased on the example of analyzing publications of Russian sociologists in the eLibrary, Russia's largest electronic library of scientific publications.The developed methodological approach involves the use and adaptation of technological solutions to form a bibliographic database, builds networks for further analysis and applies network analysis methods to study various fields of knowledge. The main steps of collecting and preprocessing data in Russian from the eLibrary are described. Examining a corpus of sociological publications within the eLibrary, this study delves into common challenges encountered during the preprocessing stage of bibliographic information related to author names and affiliations. The paper suggests potential solutions to address these issues. Additionally, the paper suggests various solutions to address these challenges. The methodology is applicable to the analysis of various publications by Russian-speaking authors indexed in the eLibrary.

Meta-semantic practices in social interaction

Abstract In social interaction, different kinds of word-meaning can become problematic for participants. This study analyzes two meta-semantic practices, definitions and specifications, which are used in response to clarification requests in German implemented by the format Was heißt X (‘What does X mean?’). In the data studied, definitions are used to convey generalizable lexical meanings of mostly technical terms. These terms are either unknown to requesters, or, in pedagogical contexts, requesters ask in order to check the addressee’s knowledge. Specifications, in contrast, clarify aspects of local speaker meanings of ordinary expressions (e.g., reference, participants in an event, standards applied to scalar expressions). Both definitions and specifications are recipient-designed with respect to the (presumed) knowledge of the addressee and tailored to the topical and practical relevancies of the current interaction. Both practices attest to the flexibility and situatedness of speakers’ semantic understandings and to the systematicity of using meta-semantic practices differentially for different kinds of semantic problems. Data are come from mundane and institutional interaction in German from the public corpus FOLK.

Framework for Effective Smart Contracting

Smart contracts are event-driven computer programs used to automatically execute all or parts of the agreements between two or more entities, pursuant to their specifications. The self-executing and self-enforcing attributes of smart contracts present numerous potential benefits, such as cost efficiency, accuracy, and reliability, as well as the potential to support several sustainable development goals. Smart contracts can be very efficient in many sectors, with important automation, procurement, financial, and other supply chain management features. For this study, a systematic literature review was performed, with a view to assessing, synthesizing, and critique the current state of legal and security aspects of smart contracts. The analysis of publications and reports gathered allowed the identification and mapping of the most relevant aspects and revealed numerous issues and vulnerabilities associated with the use of this technology. This paper provides the following contributions: the study and organization of a large corpus of relevant publications; the review of smart contract definitions, from several perspectives; an outline of smart contract characteristics; a framework for effective smart contracting, addressing legal and security issues and proposing several improvements.