Austrian public law creates a system of cooperation between the state and recognized religious societies. These societies enjoy the status of public law corporations and constitutional guarantees for their internal autonomy. One of these societies, the Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich (IGGÖ) recently aimed to incorporate exclusive legal representative of (non-Alevi) Islam in its constitution. This paper will show why such a concept of exclusivity, while never legally in force, could appear a plausible interpretation of Austrian public law. The latters’ unique relationship with Islam has deep roots. These include the recognition of Bosnian Islam and the Hanafi School of jurisprudence in 1912 as well as the evolution of organized Islam in a context designed for Catholic, Lutheran and Orthodox churches. Moreover, the paper will highlight some of the specific concerns in the context of Islam. These include the reference to the schools of Islamic jurisprudence as the theology of the IGGÖ and the conflation of leaving a religious society with leaving Islam. Current Austrian law, embedded in the European system of human rights protection, does not monopolize institutional Islam. However, it enables unified representation based on free choice of those represented.