Corporate Social Responsibility Indicators Research Articles

Impact of corporate social responsibility on profitability: A case study of oil and natural Gas corporation Ltd

In present scenario the companies are not only concentrating on the profitability but also on the sustainability. The dual objective of the company does motivate to investigate the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on firm’s profitability. A case study of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) has been undertaken to examine the impact of CSR on profitability. The study is based on secondary data which were collected from the financial report of ONGC for the period of ten years from 2013-14 to 2022-23. Correlation and simple regression analysis have been employed to find out the impact of CSR on company’s financial performance by taking in to consideration different variables such as the amount of CSR expenditure, return of equity, return on investment, profit after tax, earning per share and sales revenue. The finding of the study shows that there is no impact of CSR on firm’s profitability, but there are positive moderate correlations between CSR and profitability indicators.

Formation of models of corporate social responsibility of poultry enterprises based on marketing

The purpose of the research paper is analysis of the main provisions of corporate social responsibility in the US and the implementation of CSR in the poultry industry. Research methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method of cognition, fundamental provisions of economic theory and marketing management, and scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of corporate social responsibility. The following methods were used in the research process: monographic (studying the experience and features of CSR formation based on marketing), analysis and synthesis (studying the current state and trends in the development of CSR of poultry enterprises); abstract-logical (when studying publications on the topic of the dissertation, when interpreting the results obtained); theoretical generalization and comparison (with theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions, arrangement of terminology); economic analysis (to analyze and assess the state of CSR development at domestic and foreign poultry enterprises); structural and logical (to identify relationships between CSR elements), graphic interpretation (when processing CSR statistical data of MHP PrJSC). Research results. An analysis was conducted on the main provisions and principles of corporate social responsibility models in Europe, America, Japan, and Britain. The research also involved a comparative analysis of the primary indicators of corporate social responsibility of MHP JSC and Purdue Farm. The data used for this analysis was obtained from the World Benchmarking Alliance. Elements of scientific novelty. A harmonized model of corporate social responsibility for Ukrainian poultry enterprises was developed, considering the CSR experience of the European Union, the United States, and Great Britain. Practical relevance. The comparative analysis of corporate social responsibility indicators of PrJSC "Myronivskyi Hliboprodukt" and Perdue Farm highlights areas for improvement in the CSR strategy of PrJSC "MHP". Keywords: corporate social responsibility; European, American, Japanese, and British models of corporate social responsibility; harmonized model of corporate social responsibility of Ukrainian poultry enterprises; key indicators of corporate social responsibility; PJSC "Myronivsky Hliboproduct"; Perdue Farm; holistic marketing.

An Empirical Study of the Relationship Between Digital Transformation, Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance

The article investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and digital transformation (DT) on corporate financial performance (CFP) indicators, as well as the moderating effect of DT on the relationship between CSR and CFP indicators. The study was conducted using Stata 17.0 software based on data (5709 observations) on 558 A-share listed manufacturing companies of the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock for 2012-2021 (excluding financial and insurance companies, ST and ST* companies, as well as companies with incomplete data). The independent variable used in the modelling process is the CSR rating report of the Hexun website, indicators of which are reconstructed by dividing them into strategic CSR (shareholder responsibility, employee responsibility, customer responsibility) and altruistic CSR (environmental responsibility and social contribution). The dependent variable is 2 CFP indicators: return on equity (ROE) and TOBIN’s Q. The DT index is used as a moderating variable, for the calculation of which the texts of companies’ annual reports were segmented using the Python programming language and standardised data on the frequency of keywords in 4 dimensions: digital technology application, Internet business model, intelligent manufacturing and contemporary information system; the weights for each dimension index was determined using the entropy approach. The control variables are corporate assets (Size), financial leverage level (Lev), current ratio (Cur), firm growth (Gro), shareholding ratio of the largest shareholder (First) and technological innovation (RD) of companies. The study also considered the year and industry factors. To study the moderating effect of DT on the relationship between CSR and CFP indicators of companies in different situations, the grouping variables chosen were the ownership type (state-owned and non-state-owned companies), the enterprise lifecycle (cash flow portfolio method was used to identify its stages) and the degree of market competition (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index). The modelling is based on a fixed-effects regression model. The study found that both CSR and DT have a positive impact on CFP, and that DT moderates the relationship between CSR and CFP, indicating that integrating digital technologies with sustainable development strategies can enhance financial benefits. The study also highlights the importance of different dimensions of corporate social responsibility. A high level of digital transformation strengthens the promotion effect of strategic social responsibility on current and future financial success of companies. Meanwhile, the promotion effect of altruistic social responsibility on current financial performance is significant. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive moderating effect of digital transformation on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance mainly applies to private firms, firms in the mature stage, and firms with low market competition. The article offers practical advice for businesses seeking to use digital transformation to maximise economic and social value.

Effect of demographic characteristics of enterprises on the implementation of corporate social responsibility in SMEs context

Research background: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a rapidly developing field within business management, the effects of which manifest themselves in the practical management of organisations. At present, research within academia is focusing on the analysis and evaluation of the demographic characteristics of enterprises on entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards the implementation of socially responsible business management practices. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to quantify the influence of the demographic characteristics of an enterprise on the implementation of corporate social responsibility. Demographic characteristics, such as the country of business, company size, business sector, gender of the entrepreneur, their age and educational attainment level, are all thought to play important roles in this. Methods: The research was conducted in three European countries on a selected sample set. The research hypotheses were verified by non-parametric testing using the parametric One-way ANOVA test and the Scheffe method. Findings & value added: The results confirm that the country in which a company conducts its business activities and company size are significant factors affecting perceptions concerning the implementation of CSR. Entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic are significantly less likely to agree with the importance and implementation of CSR than entrepreneurs in Poland. Similar results were attained when comparing micro-enterprises and medium-sized enterprises, with micro-enterprises significantly less likely to agree with statements on CSR. Between men and women, no significant differences were found in their attitudes towards the incorporation of CSR into business management practices. The result was likewise with regards to the entrepreneur’s age. However, the business sector in which a company operates and the entrepreneur’s educational attainment level do have an influence on selected CSR indicators, with the impact on financial performance most positively perceived by those companies operating in retail. Those companies operating in the services sector attached the least importance to the implementation of CSR for acquiring new customers and improving financial performance than other sectors. Of interest is also the finding that enterprises run by owners or managers with lower levels of educational attainment neither perceive the concept of CSR nor the implementation thereof as a significant element of future business management.

CSR in Ukrainian Retail Enterprises in Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Russian Invasion (2019–2022)

The corporate social responsibility (CSR) landscape of Ukraine’s retail sector underwent profound and global transformations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the extensive Russian incursion into Ukraine in 2022. These transformations were precipitated by rapid changes in the operational activities of the retail sector’s enterprises, resulting from significant external disruptions. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to analyse the indicators of the CSR status of Ukraine’s retail enterprises and ascertain the extent of the changes that occurred due to the pandemic and Russia’s incursion. The study also aims to determine the influence of these transformations on CSR initiatives and identify key issues within the realm of corporate social responsibility in Ukraine’s retail sector. To quantify these changes, indicators of CSR status encompassing key aspects of corporate social responsibility (economic, legal, environmental, and social indicators) were selected (Carroll, 1979). To achieve the set objectives, research methods such as analysis (measuring CSR indicators), comparison (relating the examined indicators chronologically), induction (identifying specific factors affecting the overall CSR status of retail enterprises), and deduction (determining the nature of the impact of the overall CSR status on its individual aspects) were employed. Throughout the investigation, the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic along with the comprehensive Russian incursion into Ukraine on the CSR status of retail enterprises was revealed. It was observed that enterprises reduced nonessential and irrelevant activities at that time not only to support stakeholder interests and enhance working conditions for employees, but also to aid community support.

Proselytizing your employees into university brand evangelists: an empirical test from the higher education sector in Tanzania

ABSTRACT Although the majority of firms nowadays formulate their strategies based on corporate social responsibility, the current literature in higher learning institutions (HLIs) raises questions about the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). HLIs are now expected to shift their focus away from philanthropic endeavors and instead transform their strategies by adopting responsible approaches in management practices and service delivery. This study aims to develop and test a conceptual model to investigate whether HLIs adopt and implement a long-term perspective that involves internal stakeholders, specifically employees, in their branding strategies, with the goal of enhancing their positive impact on society. Drawing on existing literature, the study selects indicators of internal CSR and develops a structural model that predicts the causal relationship between internal CSR and university brand evangelism among employees. The statistical analysis technique employed is structural equation modeling, applied to a sample of 477 employees from public universities. The analysis confirms the proposed hypotheses in the conceptual model. Consequently, the results lead to the conclusion that internal CSR acts as a driver of university brand evangelism through the psychological contract fulfillment among employees in HLIs. Based on these findings, the study provides important recommendations and suggests future research areas in the field.

A Combined Evaluation Method of Corporate Social Responsibility Based on the Difference and Similarity: A Case Study of Transportation Industry in China

Currently, it is becoming more essential for a company to operate in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner. This study aims to evaluate corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China’s transportation industry by applying indicator weighting approaches. This study evaluated 68 transportation companies with 82 associated CSR indicators. Firstly, this paper established an indicator system, including seven criteria layers that conform to the characteristics of the Chinese transportation industry. Secondly, by integrating the G1 method, standard deviation method and CRITIC (criteria importance though intercriteria correlation) approach, a combined weighting method, CWMDS (combined weighting method based on the combination of difference and similarity), was constructed, which embodies the two goals of “horizontal similarity and vertical difference”. The experimental results show that CWMDS achieves better results in many aspects. The empirical results show that the air transportation subindustry was the best in CSR performance while the high-speed transportation subindustry was the worst. Finally, this paper put forward some policy suggestions to promote China’s transportation enterprises to fulfill their social responsibility.

Corporate social responsibility and economic growth in the mining industry

This research provides insight into the effects of implementing Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives in the mining industry in the European context. In many cases, the strategy is not coincident for shareholders and stakeholders, and as a result, the mining activity could be jeopardized. Achieving socially responsible goals can be a challenging task to conduct. This study aims to examine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance and the economic growth of European mining companies using fixed effects regression models in addition to content analysis. Data from 45 medium- and large-sized mining companies is analyzed from 2018 to 2021. The models were created to assess the relationship between the companies' economic and social responsibility performances. The findings of this paper confirm that Corporate Social Responsibility positively affects the economic growth of companies, including their profitability and firm value. Furthermore, the affecting CSR indicators are identified with respect to each economic indicator, with training, health & safety, and community development being the most common impacting indicators.

Corporate social responsibility and financial reporting quality: evidence from US firms

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and measures of financial reporting quality. Design/methodology/approach The authors explore the link between CSR and several indicators of firms’ financial reporting quality. Estimation with firm and year fixed effects is based on a sample of US publicly traded firms covering the period from 1991 to 2018. Findings Empirical results demonstrate that firms with higher CSR scores are associated with higher accuracy of financial forecasts, fewer earnings surprises and greater coverage by financial analysts. This positive relationship is more profound for firms that face low agency concerns, firms that have a higher level of customer awareness, firms that have more long-term institutional ownership or firms that do not face financial constraints. Originality/value The study contributes to the ongoing debate on the value of CSR. The results support the stakeholder value maximization view of CSR and identify the impact of several factors on its relationship with the quality of financial reporting.

A Study on the Key Factors of CSR Indicators for Tenderers in Procurement Screening Using the Delphi Method and DEMATEL-Based Analytic Network Process

European Union public procurement law increasingly allows countries’ authorities to take corporate social responsibility (CSR) into account in public procurement decisions. Up to 2022, few public procurements were determined by these key factors of CSR scoring items. It is worthy to study whether there is consistency in tenderers’ views on CSR indicators and factors. In this study, 10 experts working in companies from different government entities were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. In this study, a DEMATEL-based analytic network process (DANP) was applied to find out the weights of each indicator. Our finding shows the important criteria selected for tenderers were measures to support “work–life balance” for employees and “salary increase for employees”. These are important responses to the problems encountered by companies in CSR practices and can be used as a reference to enhance corporations’ CSR goals or pursue future sustainable business excellence.

Evolution of corporate social responsibility towards sustainability in Mexico 2013-2019

Since the Millennium Development Goals set out in 1999 by the UN, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) under the framework of ISO 26000, 2011 and the Objectives for Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030, 2015, Mexico's Business Sector has been taking full relevance in the triple Bottom Line actions (economic, social and environmental). This study shows the results of a questionnaire structured under the ISO 26000 reference framework, designed by ResPonsable, which was applied to a representative sample of the Mexican Business Sector in 2013-2019, to describe, infer and project the degree of knowledge, interest and management of CSR in large companies and MSMEs in Mexico. The main results are flattering since companies during these six years (2013-2019) have decided to create CSR Committees, this being more frequent in large companies and have an annual budget for Social Responsibility activities, with more trained managers in the area, and with more knowledge, importance and maturity of CSR. The term Social Responsibility has evolved as an investment and not as an expense for large companies, while MiPymes still see it as an expense. It is possible to see a decline in CSR indicators as a profitable investment in the short, medium and long term. Concerning the CSR employees’ profile, the positions are vastly occupied by women, between 32 and 42 years, with a professional education level with CSR studies. The most active sector in the CSR is transportation and logistics, banking, energy and extractive industry, food and beverage, automotive and construction and infrastructure, focusing on labor practices, environment and human rights, being Corporate Governance the least developed in the companies.

Corporate social responsibility in the water industry: A critical review

AbstractThe public demand for companies to assume responsibility for social and environmental impacts of their operations has led to an increase in the number of industries adopting corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. The water industry, defined in this article as public and private suppliers of water, holds the unique responsibility to manage a critical natural resource. As such, a review of scholarship on CSR in the water industry provides an entry point to assess the specific role the water industry plays in addressing societal and environmental concerns. This review identifies three prominent themes that appear in the existing literature. The first theme investigates the motivations for the water industry to utilize CSR strategies; the second describes the limitations of current CSR frameworks; and the last is an assessment of whether CSR policies and practices differ between public and private water companies. Through a critical review of each theme, this article evaluates the level of CSR engagement in the water industry, and if CSR activity supports further privatization. Taken together, this review article provides a summary of the current state of research on CSR within the water industry, analyses limitations on current evaluation methods and frameworks, and connects the literature to broader themes on the privatization of water and market environmentalism. We conclude with a discussion of future research topics such as CSR barriers to implementation, water‐related CSR indicators, and the relationship of CSR policies to remunicipalization of water providers.This article is categorized under: Human Water > Water Governance

Assessing social performance of construction companies in public-works procurement: Data envelopment analysis based on the benefit of the doubt approach

There is an urgent need to improve the assessment of construction companies' Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in public-works procurement. Current procurement procedures assign a high level of subjectivity to CSR assessment and lack transparency. Existing research basically highlights the need to define weighting systems in which the importance of each social criterion is objective and based on the social weaknesses in the context of a project. In order to fulfill this gap, this research proposes a composite indicator for assessing CSR in public construction procurement. A Data Envelopment Analysis based on the Benefit of Doubt Approach (DEA-BOD) was chosen to define the weighting system based on the main social weaknesses that exist in the country where the contract is procured. The research employs simulation to assess the validity of this indicator. The results highlight that the use of national indices as a proxy for CSR indicators can be helpful in determining the level of importance of CSR in public procurement. The simulation showed that the proposed approach allows the objective comparison of CSR performance of construction companies, regardless of their size. This research assists decision-makers in properly integrating social sustainability in procurement procedures.

Implementation of the concept of corporate social responsibility management for quasi-public sector companies

Corporate social responsibility affects the financial efficiency of the company, but this influence is most significant under certain environmental conditions, demonstrating a tendency to improve the situation in macroeconomics. However, the very mechanism of such influence remains unexplored. For the practical application of corporate social responsibility for the company’s benefit, it is important to connect corporate social responsibility indicators, environmental parameters with financial metrics. The research purpose is to justify the concept of adaptive management of corporate social responsibility for quasi-public sector companies in the context of macroeconomics changing factors. Research methodology: general scientific methods of cognition: comparison, analysis and synthesis, as well as system-situational, dialectical, abstract-theoretical, structural-functional, and systemic. The study hypothesized that by introducing the impact of the quality of CSR management on the financial performance of a quasi-public sector company, it is possible to provide a high gross domestic product growth rate. The concept of corporate social responsibility management for companies in the quasi-public sector has been developed. It was stated that the largest numerical values of the coefficients for 2018 and 2019 are more than 0.7 units. It was during those years, in accordance with the research results, that low (less than 6 %) inflation and a high GDP growth rate (more than 5 %) took place. Using the concept will make it possible to implement a systematic approach in the management of corporate social responsibility and ensure the conditions for achieving goals in the company of the quasi-public sector

Corporate social responsibility as a significant factor of competitive advantage - a case study of energy companies in Poland

Adapting enterprises to a rapidly changing world pursuing the goal of sustainable development is accomplished through a strategic approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Due to its holistic nature, this concept can permeate business activities at every level of the supply chain, allowing for the perception of the company’s opportunities in various areas.This article presents an assessment of CSR indicators that impact the competitive advantage (CA) of companies in the energy sector. The analysis was based on data collected from 392 surveys conducted with management representatives of the power sector in Poland. The scientific resources and standardisation documents on the intersection of CA and CSR were analysed. This enabled the selection of key indicators within three CSR areas: social, economic, and environmental.This case study provides meaningful insights into the most important aspects of CSR implementation. The findings indicate that the social dimension of CSR has the largest impact on CA, particularly offering products and services of the highest quality, which was considered the most crucial indicator among those analysed. Among the remaining social groups, the education of participants throughout the supply chain and relationships with suppliers were also important. The environmental aspect, in particular energy security, also has a significant effect on the CA of energy companies. Furthermore, economic indicators had the most negligible impact on CA. The resulting hierarchy of selected indicators is a guide to achieving CA and understanding how the energy sector perceives CSR.

КОРПОРАТИВНАЯ СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ КАК ФАКТОР УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ КОМПАНИИ

Within the framework of this article, the influence of internal indicators of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a factor in the sustainable development of companies is analyzed, a definition of sustainable development is given and its distinctive features in relation to corporate social responsibility are noted, positive data and examples of its application are presented. This study provides an insight into the criteria for sustainable development and CSR indicators in the company’s commitment to society and will be useful for self-study by students and people interested in the topic.

Analysis of the Impact of Ecological Governance Capacity on the Enterprise Capital Configuration Efficiency: Mediating Effects Based on Social Responsibility

Improving the ecological governance capacity is necessary in order to achieve high-quality economic development. As the main part of the promotion of social and economic development, enterprises’ inefficient investment (overinvestment and underinvestment) has impeded the development of the economy chronically and steadily. Therefore, improving the efficiency of enterprises’ capital allocation has become a problem that needs to be studied and solved urgently. This article mainly studies the influence of ecological governance capability on the enterprise capital configuration efficiency and mechanism of action by using Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies data from 2011 to 2017. The study found that ecological governance capability can remarkably strengthen the corporate capital allocation efficiency, and it can do so by improving corporate social responsibility (CSR). This conclusion is supported after the replacement of robustness tests, for example, the enterprise capital configuration efficiency and the measurement indicators of CSR. The heterogeneity test indicates that the ecological governance can obviously forward the enterprise capital configuration efficiency in state-owned enterprises and less-polluting enterprises. These findings can provide some theoretical support to the mechanism of ecological governance capacity effect on corporate capital allocation efficiency from the aspect of corporate social responsibility.

The Impactof PT PLN Tanjung Jati B's Corporate Social Responsibility on the Welfare of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a responsibility towards the environment in realizing the social welfare of the community. This study aims to determine the effect of the CSR of PT. PLN Tanjung Jati B on the welfare of the UMKM under its guidance. CSR indicators are the goals of corporate social responsibility (X1), corporate social issue (X2), corporate relations programs (X3) and the welfare of MSMEs (Y).This study uses primary data in the form of data obtained directly in the field, the research sample is 47 MSME CSR respondents guided by PT. PLN Tanjung Jati B 2019. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The study was conducted using questionnaires and interviews, the data analysis method used was quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis approach.In a small scope, based on the results of the T Test (Partial Test), partially the corporate social responsibility goal variable (X1) from tcount 2,300> ttable 1,68107 shows that the goals of corporate social responsibility have a significant positive effect on the welfare of MSMEs. In corporate social problems (X2) from tcount 1.087 <ttable 1.68107 it shows that corporate social issue have a positive and insignificant effect on the welfare of MSMEs and in the corporate relations program variable (X3) from tcount 2.108> ttable 1.68107 shows that the company relations program has an effect significantly positive on the welfare of MSMEs. Meanwhile, the F test (Simultaneous Test) proves that the objectives of corporate socialresponsibility goal, corporate social issue, and the corporate relations program of PT. PLN Tanjung Jati B significantly affects the welfare of MSMEs by 14,445%.

Theoretical approaches to the development of corporate social responsibility of business

Subject. This article discusses the problematic aspects associated with theoretical approaches to the formation of corporate social responsibility of organizations of various forms of management. Objectives. The article aims to study the theoretical foundations of the formation and development of corporate social responsibility of business. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparison, systematization, and data generalization. Results. The article reveals problematic aspects of formation and presentation of corporate responsibility of business in modern economic conditions. The article offers a classification of indicators of corporate social responsibility, indicators for assessing the effectiveness of socially important business, and it presents principles according to the International Standard ISO 26000:2010 Guidance on Social Responsibility. Conclusions and Relevance. The role and significance of corporate social responsibility of business should be evaluated not only from the point of view of contribution to socially significant and environmental projects, but from the point of view of economic efficiency for the business itself as well. The results of the study can be applied in the development of the theory of corporate social responsibility and in the practice of socio-economic activities of an economic entity in the context of sustainable business development.

Корпоративная социальная ответственность: сравнительный анализ методических подходов

Corporate social responsibility is becoming an important condition for a successful business. In this connection, it becomes relevant to assess the level of development of corporate social responsibility, including from the perspective of the social usefulness of the results of the organization's activities. The development of methodological tools is required in connection with the need to assess the current state, planning and forecasting, and generally the management of corporate social responsibility in order to reduce social tension in the organization's management. The study uses the method of comparative analysis. We analyze the methodological approaches to assessing the level of development of corporate social responsibility, both those recommended by representatives of the authorities and those we developed. As a result of the analysis, we identified the advantages and disadvantages of the methodological approaches. In most cases, the limitation of the applicability of the analyzed methodological approaches was the fact that the ongoing qualitative assessment of the level of corporate social responsibility development is reduced to the analysis of indicators depending on the presence or absence of certain criteria. In addition, there is no universal methodological approach for assessing the level of development of corporate social responsibility for organizations at different stages of the life cycle. The analysis lays the foundation for the development of a methodological approach that takes into account the elimination of all identified limitations. We believe that the system of indicators should be invariant depending on the aim and objectives of the study. For example, the system of indicators of corporate social responsibility may include groups of indicators of responsibility to employees, to shareholders, to society. Undoubtedly, any rating system is subjective; nevertheless, the issues of measuring the level of development of corporate social responsibility are as complex as they are relevant. At present, socially responsible organizations are viewed as financially stable and competitive in the market, and their social reports complement the indicators of investment attractiveness. Awareness of this has contributed and promotes: (1) establishment of consensus between representatives of stakeholders; (2) establishment of forms of interaction within the framework of corporate social responsibility; (3) creation of a strong basis for further development and implementation of corporate social responsibility programs.