Corporate Research Center Research Articles

МОДЕЛІ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The models of the innovation process are analyzed, which are purely structural and are characterized by a significant simplification of ideas about the innovation process, ignoring information and management flows, disruption of some dynamic relationships and sequences of functions. However, such simplified models make it possible to apply the principles of process management methodology and identify “bottlenecks” of the innovation process: cost centers, duplication of functions, as well as the absence or incompleteness of information. The first model of the innovation process “technological push” — is described as a linear sequence of cyclically repeating stages. In the second model of the innovation process — “market challenge” — the market is a source of innovative ideas and forms an order for innovative development, which is transferred either to the corporate research center of the company that conducted marketing research, or external research structure — university, laboratory, etc. The third model of the innovation process is to identify logically consistent, functionally separate, but interacting and interdependent stages. This model is a combination of the first and second with an emphasis on the relationship of technological capabilities and capabilities with market needs and is implemented at the meso-level. The fourth model of the innovation process is the Japanese model of best practices, which focuses on the parallel activities of integrated groups, external horizontal and vertical links. The choice of the basic model of innovation is largely due to historically established institutional systems. Because of the conducted research, the process of creation of the Center of transfer of technologies for commercialization of results of the scientific researches and developments received with use of means of the state budget and functions, which it will carry out, is offered. Public-private partnership programs in industrialized countries are analyzed, which stimulate close contacts between the scientific and industrial sectors of the economy and focus public research on industrial innovation. We also proposed the concept of iterative marketing — which is repeated throughout the innovation cycle of a set of specific activities, the result of which is the active formation of the product or service and future markets for its consumption.

6G - a generation too far? [News - analysis

Now that 5G has arrived with an advertising onslaught from operators like EE, what else could there be for the telecom industry to work on but 6G? Due out around the end of this decade, 6G would keep wireless communications on much the same timescale set since 3G first appeared. But questions are now being asked as to whether these generational shifts are working out the way the industry intended. One of the early aims for 5G was to bring cellular wireless to industrial applications that could not use its predecessors. Although 4G made some attempts to cut the round-trip latency for delivering packets over the air, 5G was designed to cut that to a millisecond or so. In principle, this makes it possible to coordinate robots without having to cable them up, assuming you do not try to have the control systems for those robots running in a data centre overseas. In practice, the wireless operators are, as with 3G and 4G, pushing new phones to consumers and, by all accounts, are not doing that badly at it. Both 3G and 4G suffered from false starts and so took a while to get out of the gate. 5G was somewhat luckier and may have had a boost from the pandemic and the shift to remote working, and living. At the recent 6G World Symposium, Andreas Müller, general chair of the 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation and head of corporate-sector communication and network technology at Bosch's corporate research centre, said there is still some work to do on the standard to get it ready for factories. “The problem for industrials is that a lot for them only comes with Releases 16 and 17,” he said. The 3GPP group's Release 16 or 5G Phase 2 was finalised last summer, two years after the initial Release 15; Release 17 is due to become a finalised standard next year.

Project planning, top management support and communication: A trident in search of an explanation

Top management support, innovative project planning, and communication between stakeholders are three ambiguous success factors: they are essential, but not necessarily effective. Our aim is to provide an in-depth exploration of the combined influence of planning, top management support, and communication on project success. The first research phase consisted of interviews with the project lead and the project director, and a questionnaire distributed to project members of a large corporate research centre. The second phase consisted of a survey targeting senior management in innovative enterprises. A large number of different analyses including SEM were used to reveal mutual influences. Planning shows a positive influence on innovative project performance when the mediation of communication is taken into account. TMS wields a non-constant effect on the three success factors: it is a non-linear relationship that must reach a high level to be effective.

Cybersecurity of Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control Systems for HVDC Applications

The flexibility provided by High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems can be further extended by Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control (WAMAPC) systems. WAMPAC systems enable many HVDC applications and, on the other hand, inevitably introduce cybersecurity concerns that need to be addressed. In this work, a security domain layer and decision framework is reported to detect and mitigate the impact of false data injection (FDI) attacks targeting HVDC stations. Specifically, a rule-based cyber-attack detection method is introduced and implemented on Raspberry Pi and tested on the real-time HVDC simulation facility on the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) platform at ABB U.S. Corporate Research Center.

Year-round monitoring reveals prevalence of fatal bird-window collisions at the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center.

Collisions with glass are a serious threat to avian life and are estimated to kill hundreds of millions of birds per year in the United States. We monitored 22 buildings at the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center (VTCRC) in Blacksburg, Virginia, for collision fatalities from October 2013 through May 2015 and explored possible effects exerted by glass area and surrounding land cover on avian mortality. We documented 240 individuals representing 55 identifiable species that died due to collisions with windows at the VTCRC. The relative risk of fatal collisions at all buildings over the study period were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical zero-inflated Poisson model adjusting for percentage of tree and lawn cover within 50 m of buildings, as well as for glass area. We found significant relationships between fatalities and surrounding lawn area (relative risk: 0.96, 95% credible interval: 0.93, 0.98) as well as glass area on buildings (RR: 1.30, 95% CI [1.05–1.65]). The model also found a moderately significant relationship between fatal collisions and the percent land cover of ornamental trees surrounding buildings (RR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.00–1.05]). Every building surveyed had at least one recorded collision death. Our findings indicate that birds collide with VTCRC windows during the summer breeding season in addition to spring and fall migration. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) was the most common window collision species and accounted for 10% of deaths. Though research has identified various correlates with fatal bird-window collisions, such studies rarely culminate in mitigation. We hope our study brings attention, and ultimately action, to address this significant threat to birds at the VTCRC and elsewhere.

High-commitment HRM system, HR capability, and ambidextrous technological innovation

Technological innovation is becoming an increasingly significant driving force of firm competitiveness; however, only a few scholars have attempted to investigate the specific relationship between technological innovation and human resource (HR). In this study, we test the relationships among high-commitment human resource management (HCHRM) system, HR capability and ambidextrous technological innovation, as well as the mediating role of HR capability in the relationship between the other two. For this purpose, we derive HR capability based on two dimensions: (a) factors (skills vs. behaviors) and (b) nature (component vs. combinative capability). Juxtaposing these dimensions enables us to generate the following four elements of HR capability for ambidextrous technological innovation: (a) T-shaped skills (component skills), (b) technology brokering (combinative skills), (c) personal initiative (component behaviors), and (d) cooperation (combinative behaviors). Empirical results based on data collected from the HR and technology planning managers of 105 corporate research and development centers indicate that HCHRM positively affects HR capability and ambidextrous technological innovation. In addition, we find that HR capability fully mediates the relationship between the HCHRM system and ambidextrous technological innovation. We discuss theoretical contributions and practical implications of these findings.

Interview with Paul W. Kruse on the Early History of HgCdTe, Conducted on October 22, 1980

This paper presents an interview with Dr Paul W. Kruse (1927–2012) on the early history of the semiconductor alloy mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe or Hg1−xCdxTe) at the Honeywell Corporate Research Center near Minneapolis, Minnesota. Conducted on October 22, 1980, the interview covers two main areas. One area is the story of how the HgCdTe research effort came about at the Honeywell Research Center in the early 1960s, what technical choices were made and when, and what technical challenges were overcome and how. The other area is the organization, culture, environment and personnel at the Honeywell Research Center that made the early HgCdTe research programs so successful. HgCdTe has emerged as the highest-performance, most widely applicable infrared detector material. HgCdTe continues to satisfy a broad variety of advanced military and space applications. It is illustrative to look back on the early history of this remarkable semiconductor alloy to help to understand why its technological development as an infrared detector has been so successful.

A study on the Flexible Display R&D Technology Design Convergence

In the time that the shape of smart device is transforming from possession to wearing, the R&D technology of flexible display equipment in every industry field and specialized design complex study are considered as an important alternative in need of newly creating job position and new creative growing dynamic engine in future. Therefore, they are the van-guard field to promote in government as well as academic and industrial world principally. Consequently, this convergence study investigated the technology associated flexible display and current design complex case home and abroad through the scientific treatise and specialized data and report of KEIT, KIAT, and NIPA. Particularly, the research regarding LCD, OLED, and e-Paper is processing at KEIT, ETRI, and university institute as well as corporation research center of LG, Samsung and so over. In overall society, flexible OLED display in mobile phone endowed with Bendable / Foldable function to meet the requirement of high clearness and the realization of moving picture mainly by Samsung SDC and LG display is expected to grow quickly. After 2020, OLED display is estimated to occupy more than half of flexible display. Besides, renovation product group is being prepared continuously in company producing mobile equipment such as Apple, Samsung, and LG inside and outside nation, but is in the stage of prototype development yet. Therefore, the purpose of this convergence study is to show the basic data indicating technology development by analyzing the influence to future consumer through figuring out the trend of panel technology, TFT technology, element technology, progress technology, material technology(LCD, OLED). part technology, and e-paper technology.

The status of natural gas hydrate research in China: A review

Over the past century, fossil fuels have provided the majority of China's energy. However, their extensive utilization leads to a shortage and environmental pollution. Recently, submarine and permafrost gas hydrate deposits have been investigated as a possible clean and sustainable energy source by governmental institutions, research organizations, and energy industries in China. The primary objective of this paper is to review the potential studies pertaining to gas hydrate exploration and resource assessment, the safe and efficient exploitation of gas hydrates and the basic properties of gas hydrates. To date, there are over 20 institutions and organizations in China committed to gas hydrate investigation, among which the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey (GMGS) and the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS) etc. primarily focus on gas hydrate exploration research, while the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Research Center, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion (GIEC) and China University of Petroleum-Beijing (CUPB) etc. concentrate on gas hydrate mining technologies. In this paper, the occurrence and exploration of gas hydrates in both permafrost regions and the continental slope of China have been determined from numerous research contributions and are presented. Moreover, the latest progress in gas hydrate fundamental studies, including hydrate phase equilibria, hydrate formation mechanisms, hydrate thermal physical properties and the acoustics and resistivity characteristics of gas hydrates are briefly reviewed, and relevant data are gathered and compared. Emphasis is also placed on gas hydrate mining technologies and gas production using depressurization methods, thermal stimulation methods or other methods. Furthermore, the security of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments during gas production and the environmental impacts of gas hydrate are identified. With additional financial and political support and advanced research facilities, research on gas hydrates in China is progressing rapidly but is still in its early developing stage, thus, future work should be undertaken with greater diligence.

“Going Paperless”: The Case for Electronic Submission of Student Work

In 1975, Business Week published an article on “The Office of the Future.” In twenty years, predicted the head of the Xerox Corporation's Research Center, everyone would have a keyboard and monitor...

Examining Magnetic Property Variation: A Look at Specification-Acceptable Electrical Steel

One of the key strategies of electrical machine design is the optimization of the performance of the machine through careful attention to the properties of the materials and systems that will be incorporated in the manufacturing of the machine. An important component of this strategy is the characterization of the magnetic properties of the lamination materials that will be used if the machine is to have a laminated core structure. The nearly universal use of computerized simulation and analysis software in the machine design community has exposed the need for much more precise data on the magnetic properties of these steels. As a result, there has been considerable research into these properties, both within the academic community as well as among material producers and corporate research centers. Yet, as these studies have begun to deliver a more robust body of theoretical and practical knowledge pertaining to the performance of lamination materials, not only under the traditional parameters of mains frequencies and sinusoidal excitation but also such contemporary operating conditions as higher frequency and nonsinusoidal excitation, the practical limitations of commercially produced electrical steels have often been overlooked. As a result, electrical machines that have been optimally designed will, at times, fail to consistently perform as expected. This article examines a narrow range of fully processed, nonoriented silicon steels and their properties to develop an understanding of the potential variation in magnetic properties of lamination steels that are acceptable under current international standards and to present possible strategies for the accommodation of these variations in the manufacture of electrical machines.

Review: Pastoral Capitalism: A History of Suburban Corporate Landscapes, by Louise A. Mozingo

Louise A. Mozingo Pastoral Capitalism: A History of Suburban Corporate Landscapes Cambridge: MIT Press, 2011, 336 pp., 49 color and 45 b/w illus. $32.95, ISBN 100262015439 At the beginning of this carefully researched and illuminating study of suburban corporate headquarters, research centers, and office parks, author Louise Mozingo quotes a principal in the offices of well-known landscape architect Peter Walker. Responding to a comment from her about the scale of the landscape of a suburban office project in Texas designed by the firm, he said, “Well, you know, this is the American Versailles.” On this, Mozingo writes in Pastoral Capitalism : “The comment was professional puffery, to be sure, but this not-quite-offhand remark stuck with me.” Years later, the curiosity that was piqued by the encounter eventually resulted in this book. Amazingly enough, despite the way the landscapes she describes were among the most conspicuous products of postwar America and are fast becoming common elsewhere around the world, this is the first serious study of them. Fortunately, author and subject are ideally matched here. Mozingo, a professor in the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning at the University of California, Berkeley, has produced an important book. Carefully researched, well written, beautifully illustrated, and nicely produced by the MIT Press, it is likely to be a standard work on this subject for many years to come. The core chapters focus on a series of corporate landscapes created during the decades immediately following the end of World War II. Although Mozingo sees prototypes earlier, for example General Electric’s Nela Park complex outside Cleveland in the 1920s, she believes that the real start of the story comes after the war, when American corporations perfected their brand of managerial capitalism and American cities were experiencing a massive shift of population and resources from city centers to the suburbs. Mozingo does a good job describing some of the motivations for companies to move out of cities. To some degree, the …

Ship to Grid: Medium-Voltage DC Concepts in Theory and Practice

Corporate research centers, universities, power equipment vendors, end users, and other market participants around the world are beginning to explore and consider the use of dc in future transmission and distribution system applications. Recent developments and trends in electric power consumption indicate an increasing use of dc-based power and constant power loads. In addition, growth in renewable energy resources requires dc interfaces for optimal integration. A strong case is being made for intermeshed ac and dc networks, with new concepts emerging at the medium-voltage (MV) level for MV dc infrastructure developments.

Ti-13Cr-1Fe-3Al 合金の機械的性質に及ぼす冷却速度の影響

Effect of Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Ti13Cr1Fe3Al Alloy Michiharu Ogawa1, Toshiharu Noda1, Masato Ueda2 and Masahiko Ikeda2 1Advanced Materials Research Dept., Special Steel Research Lab., Daido Corporate Research & Development Center, Daido Steel Co., Ltd., Nagoya 4578545 2Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita 5648680

Evidence for the involvement of early insulin resistance in the development of cachexia in mice bearing colon‐26 tumors

Cachexia occurs in ~30% of cancer patients, resulting in severe muscle and adipose atrophy, and poor prognosis. As resistance to insulin has been associated with cachexia, we sought to determine if this occurs prior to weight loss and whether sensitization to insulin attenuates cachexia in CD2F1 mice bearing colon‐26 (C26) tumors. Insulin sensitivity, measured by insulin tolerance test area under the curve, worsened in mice with tumors (T) compared to those without tumors (NT) ≥ 2 days before body weight differences were detected. Decreased quadriceps Akt activation corroborated these findings. Treatment of T mice with the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone (ROSI, 20mg/kg/d) improved insulin resistance, evidenced by a larger blood glucose response to insulin 60 minutes after insulin administration compared to T mice without ROSI. Treatment with ROSI also prevented tumor‐induced depletion of adiponectin, an insulin‐sensitizing adipokine, and resulted in higher body weight at the end of the study. In conclusion insulin resistance occurred before weight loss, and sensitization to insulin by ROSI prevented weight loss in tumor‐induced cachexia. These data suggest a role for early insulin resistance in the pathology of cancer cachexia and sensitization to insulin in decreased severity of this disorder. Supported by Cognis Corporation and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center.

Development of New Diagnosis and Treatment Facilities for Chemical Sensitivity: Construction of Full-scale Model Room and Evaluation of Air Cleanliness

The purpose of this study is establishment of reducing contaminant concentrations upon the construction of new diagnosis and treatment facilities of Chemical Sensitivity. In this paper we describe the results of a full-scale model experiment, which was conducted in a model room constructed at the Shinryo Corporation Research & Development Center before the construction of diagnosis and treatment facilities.Firstly we proposed new construction materials selected and/or developed for the present facilities. Secondly we designed and proposed a new HVAC system adapted for them. These facilities are equipped with special activated carbon (SAC) filter, a special outgas-free air handling unit/blower, degreasing of metallic components, no-binder HEPA filter and inorganic joint sealant. In addition both new chemical concentration monitoring and control system were developed for the new facilities. Finally cleanliness assessment of the model room was conducted by using Non-Methane Hydro Carbons (NMHC), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM). It was indicated that concentration levels of all three subject materials were extremely low in a model room and the present proposals were usable for the construction of new diagnosis and treatment facilities of Chemical Sensitivity.

INTERLAMINAR AND INTRALAMINAR DAMAGE MECHANISMS OF IMPACT RESISTANT AIRCRAFT MATERIALS UNDER LOW‐ENERGY IMPACT

For low-velocity impact, drop‐weight impact tests performed by EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company) Corporate Research Center Germany have been carried out for 2‐D woven E‐Glass/epoxy composite systems to determine material response as a function of absorbed energy and damaged area. Nondestructive techniques like visual inspection and analysis of impact response of the woven fabric laminates at different energy levels are utilized to assess the initiation and progression of interlaminar and intralaminar damage. The dominant damage modes for woven reinforced composite systems were found to be matrix cracking with branching into the adjacent layers, intralaminar cracking by mixture of localized matrix shear and matrix/fibre interfacial debonding, front face indentation, and back face fibre damage. The use of woven fabrics as opposed to cross‐ply unidirectional prepreg tapes is specifically discussed from the point view of microstructure and property. In the case of low‐energy impact, damage resistance under impact loading of woven and multiaxial non‐crimp fabrics is presented and compared. The assumption that shear‐response dominated for woven reinforced composite systems was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

Smart NDT tools: a new generation of NDT devices

EADS Corporate Research Center (EADS CRC) designs specific NDT solutions for EADS business units. Prototypes often appear to be difficult to turn into industrial tools, because of adaptable device price or the impossibility to adapt existing apparatus to specific uses. That is why EADS CRC decided to have its own electronics developed, aiming at low cost, portable, versatile and easy-to-use NDT devices. These were designed as computer peripherals so that some smart adapted functions can be more easily implemented and transferred to end-users. Besides, these peripherals are powered via the connection to the computer, which allows their use on portable computers. Under a given environment, the device may use procedures, settings, modelling results as inputs and produce formatted reports, specific imaging or even simply a diagnosis - for instance a 'go/no go'answer - as outputs. These developments will lead to a much easier and cheaper use of NDT devices for our end-users, and thus to a much wider dissemination.

Biography of Aureal T. Cross: World class coal geologist, palynologist, paleobotanist and educator

Abstract An Ohioan by birth, June 4, 1916, in Findlay, Hancock County, Aureal T. Cross grew up an Iowan on a dairy farm near Waterloo at Castle Hill. He was the second of five children of Congregational Minister Raymond W. and Mrs. Myra Jane Coon Cross. Aureal's grade school education was mostly in a one-room school at Castle Hill, then to East Waterloo, junior high and high school, where music was as important as farm work before and after classes. On a history and music scholarship at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Aureal was drawn to L. R. Wilson's physical geology course and the summer reconnaissance trips. Graduating from Coe College in 1939 with an honors thesis on pollen analysis, Aureal completed his Masters in 1941 and a PhD thesis in 1943 at the University of Cincinnati with J. H. Hoskins on Pennsylvanian age plants from coal-balls. During 1942–1946 he taught premedical U.S. Navy students at the University of Notre Dame with a 1943–1944 leave as a National Research Council Fellow. Aureal and Christina Aleen Teyssier met during 1943 in Pittsburgh and married in 1945. Aureal replaced K. E. Caster, his paleontology mentor, for three and one half years (1946–1949) in the Geology Department at Cincinnati, and did field mapping for the Ohio Geological Survey during the summers. Cross established (1949–1957) productive graduate training and research programs in the West Virginia University Geology Department and the West Virginia Geologic and Economic Survey where he had dual appointments. His move (1957–1961) to Exploration Geology, at Amoco's Pan American Petroleum Corporation Research Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma, permitted him to develop and supervise a major palynological research group. The return to academia (1961) at Michigan State University in East Lansing resulted in one of the most comprehensive graduate training programs in paleobotany, palynology, biostratigraphy and paleoecology in North America. Although Aureal Cross officially retired in 1986, he has continued research projects, publication of manuscripts, attends professional meetings with Aleen, and has kept in touch with several generations of his students as well as with many colleagues. He has received numerous awards, none more deserved than those recognizing his outstanding contributions as a teacher, coal geologist, and paleobotanist.

Gigahertz and Nanotubes – Perspectives for Innovations with Novel Industrial Microwave Processing Technology

AbstractA novel industrial microwave system HEPHAISTOS‐CA2 (High Electromagnetic Power Heating Automated Injected Structures Oven System) for curing of carbon fibre reinforced plastics is being developed at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK). The system is based on the HEPHAISTOS‐CA1 prototype system at FZK which has been evaluated for the application in composite manufacturing together with EADS Corporate Research Centre and the Institute of Aircraft Design (University of Stuttgart). The system, which is in duty since the end of 2005 integrates advantageously the basic processing steps as tooling, tempering of the resin and lay up, the impregnation of the fibres, pre‐forming techniques as well as finally the process curing of the composite structures.