Corporate Capture Research Articles

Pengaruh Pembiayaan Sindikasi Terhadap Peningkatan Portofolio Pembiayaan Pt Bank Sumut Unit Usaha Syariah

This study aims to determine the effect of syndicated financing on increasing the financing portfolio of PT. Bank Sumut Unit Usaha Syariah. Syndicated financing emerged to respond to the growing corporate business and capture infrastructure financing because the need for corporate and infrastructure financing funds was very large. One of the benefits of syndicated financing is the increase in ujrah/fees that can affect the financing portfolio. The method used is a quantitative method. The primary data in this research is in the form of documentation based on the financial statements & reports of an independent accountant (Final Report) of PT. Bank Sumut in 2018 to 2021, and literature study in obtaining theories and those related to this research. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that syndicated financing could increase the financing portfolio of PT. Bank Sumut Unit Usaha Syariah.

Addressing Commercial Determinants of Health in African Pesticide Research

Pesticide research, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continues to identify exposure risks and why pesticide poisonings continue (e.g., poor surveillance, weak legislation, use of highly hazardous pesticides, high-risk use and application practices). Focus often is on highlighting specific pesticide products, exposure risk contexts and vulnerable populations, as well as behaviours of farmers, workers and consumers. What is, however, less often assessed in pesticide research is the impact of commercial determinants on health (CDoH), which is referred to as "strategies and approaches used by the private sector to promote products and choices that are detrimental to health”, and the role of corporate capture. In this review, the aim was to identify the key components of CDoH impacting on health outcomes for populations, particularly in Southern Africa, exposed to pesticides. Five strategies of the pesticide industry were identified that result in exposure risks and negative health outcomes. These strategies and concepts include: the social responsibility approach (e.g., responsible and safe use), mis- and lack of information (e.g., confidential business information), corporate capture (e.g., revolving staff door with regulators), apportioning blame (e.g., "misuse”), and uncertainty science (e.g., products are innocent until proven guilty, corporate research funding). The findings and complexity of each of these strategies will be presented. The impact of epidemiological research for evidence policy making will continue to be undermined as long as the CDoH are not addressed along side research. It is recommended that researchers include an analysis of pesticide commercial determinants as part of epidemiological research and that environmental health curricula include training on commercial determinants of environmental health. Young pesticide researchers need guidance on navigating corporate research funding, conflicts of interest and the long-term impact on their careers. To reduce pesticide poisonings in LMICs, CDoH need to be identified and addressed by researchers.

Corporate Capture of Blockchain Governance

AbstractWe develop a theory of blockchain governance. In our model, the proof-of-work system, the most common set of rules for validating transactions in blockchains, creates an industrial ecosystem with specialized suppliers of goods and services. We analyze the interactions between blockchain governance and the market structure of the industries in the blockchain ecosystem. We show that the proof-of-work system may lead to a situation in which some large firms in the blockchain industrial ecosystem—blockchain conglomerates—capture the governance of the blockchain.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Community safety or corporate capture? Hybrid privatization of social control in a Downtown Core

Community safety or corporate capture? Hybrid privatization of social control in a Downtown Core

Some Imperfections of the Modern Economic System

The modern economic system has promoted corporate value creation and capture as well as national growth, but is not lacking imperfections. Platform owners such as Amazon, Facebook, Apple and Google have become dominant, but their stakeholders have suffered under their grip, with loss of privacy and private choice, increased wealth concentration and economic inequality, and overconsumption and abuse of natural resources. I discuss the societal grand challenges linked to these caveats of the economic system, noting that current efforts to remedy this system are unlikely to suffice. I then identify the root cause of these problems, which I attribute to greed and consequent opportunistic behavior. Countering such behavior is a first step towards a solution.

Excavation du docudrame de CBC The Tar Sands

This article examines the political controversy around the banned 1977 CBC docudrama _The Tar Sands_, which portrays the personal and political struggle of Alberta Premier Peter Lougheed to secure the Syncrude agreement to develop Alberta’s bitumen sands. Immediately following the docudrama’s broadcast, Lougheed launched a lawsuit which ultimately resulted in the show’s expulsion from CBC archives. While the CBC docudrama sought to dramatize and elevate political critiques of the tar sands, Lougheed’s litigious reaction quickly buried them, obfuscating the real possibility that The Tar Sands—while a work of fiction—portrays the genesis of Alberta’s corporate capture by foreign oil.

Trust, but Verify Comment on "'Part of the Solution': Food Corporation Strategies for Regulatory Capture and Legitimacy".

According to Lacy-Nichols and Williams, the food industry is increasingly forestalling regulation with incremental concessions and co-option of policy-making discourses and processes; bolstering their legitimacy via partnerships with credible stakeholders; and disarming critics by amending their product portfolios whilst maintaining high sales volumes and profits. Their assessment raises a number of fundamental philosophical questions that we must address in order to form an appropriate public health response: is it appropriate to treat every act of corporate citizenship with cynicism? If voluntary action leads to better health outcomes, does it matter whether profits are preserved? How should we balance any short-term benefits from industry-led reforms against the longer-term risk stemming from corporate capture of policy-making networks? I argue for a nuanced approach, focused on carefully defined health outcomes; allowing corporations the benefit of the doubt, but implementing robust binding measures the moment voluntary actions fail to meet independently set objectives.

Learning to Resist(ance) in Gujarat

The Banni grassland, of Gujarat state of western India, has emerged as a site of multipronged contestations over land and livelihoods. Structural transformations seek to refashion Kachchh’s economy, society, and nature along capitalist and neoliberal lines threatening the livelihood of the 25000 mobile pastoralists inhabiting the grassland. Embedded within this context, the Salim Mama Youth Course, initiated through the a collaboration between local civil society, research and academic organizations, trains the youth in the region to recognize connections between pastoralism and their ecosystems. It achieves two main goals: firstly, the course attempts to secure the long-term sustainability of the grassland by developing the technical know-how of the youth as well as generating enthusiasm for pastoralism. Secondly, it contributes to the ongoing resistance against state induced corporate capture both practically, by providing information and tools to sustain contestations, and ideologically by reimagining the role and value of pastoralism in the region. This article unpacks the pedagogical approach of the course as a form of active and positive grassroots resistance against neoliberal environmentalism.

Global Food Governance.

This article helps lay a basis for the kind of deep analysis of the stakes of global food governance that is required today, under the impact of the COVID 19 crisis and with the threat of corporate capture of decision-making spaces. The article reviews the history of global food governance, identifies the critical questions that need to be asked, and suggests some directions that may contribute to strengthening the agency of rights-holders, weakening that of corporations, and democratizing multilateral governance.

The Latin American and Caribbean Counter-Mobilization Against the UN Food Systems Summit: Magdalena Ackermann in Conversation with Saúl Vicente and Sofía Monsalve.

What is the diagnosis of the main problems of the Latin American and Caribbean region, including the corporate capture of food systems? How did the regional counter-mobilization against the UN Food Systems Summit arise? What were the positions of the Latin American governments and regional organizations on the Summit? What is the common vision for overcoming corporate food systems? These are some of the questions that are discussed in this thought-provoking conversation with Sofía Monsalve and Saúl Vicente, in which they share their insights and experiences on the challenges of the Latin American region and the outcomes of the regional counter-mobilization against the UN Food Systems Summit.

It Is Not Enough to Assess Conflicts of Interest When We Bring the Commercial Sector to the Policy Table Comment on "Towards Preventing and Managing Conflict of Interest in Nutrition Policy? An Analysis of Submissions to a Consultation on a Draft WHO Tool".

Ralston et al offer us an interesting analysis of the consultation process of World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) "Draft approach on the prevention and management of conflicts of interests in the policy development and implementation of nutrition programs at country level," in which it shows us how the industry tries to frame the discussion in individual conflicts of interest, avoiding structural conflicts of interest. We must not forget other issues of importance in policy-making, such as the imbalance of power between different actors and the strategies of undue influence used by food and beverage corporations. It is essential to develop regulatory-based tools and procedures that embody ethics and good governance and that can be applied systematically and routinely to prevent corporate influence in health policy-making. A global observatory of corporate practices would also be needed to recommend to governments efficient actions to avoid corporate capture of their policies.

Towards Building Comprehensive Legal Frameworks for Corporate Accountability in Food Governance.

Given the failures of the UN Food Systems Summit and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to tackle the problems related to the corporate capture of food governance, this article calls for developing comprehensive legal frameworks for corporate accountability in food governance. In doing so, the authors identify key regulatory elements that need to be taken into account in food governance discussions. Their recommendations are borrowed from the guidance developed in the context of the negotiations for an International Legally Binding Instrument on TNCs and other Businesses with Respect to Human Rights, as well as in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the WHO Framework of Engagement with Non-State Actors, and the WHO Financial Regulations and Financial Rules.

Peoples' Solutions to Food Systems Transformation in Asia and the Pacific.

Peasants and fisherfolk around the world, supported by academic and NGO allies, have denounced the UN Food Systems Summit for its overt corporate capture instead of what should have been a democratic process with strong grassroots participation from social movements. Across the globe, food sovereignty activists and allies have organized autonomous counter-mobilizations, including in Asia and the Pacific, to share what a radical transformation of our food and agriculture systems should really look like. This article shares the peoples’ proposals and current grassroots activities towards radical food systems transformation that were shared at the Asia Pacific peoples’ regional dialogue.

Climate strategy in the balance who decides?

Climate change and impact mitigation is central to the shipping industry. Targets and standards that aim to reduce emissions and mitigate impact will apply either to all ships or to certain ship types or ship activities. The impact of this regulatory agenda on maritime activities is heavily dependent on international conventions and decisions taken at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Some scholars have pointed to the undue influence of firms on the IMO via ‘corporate capture’. Mainstream scholarship assumes that decisive influence comes from powerful states. This article deploys a polycentric approach to argue that governance outcomes are often a function of the particularities of the negotiating process as opposed to the characteristics and resources of the negotiating parties.

Global Food Governance.

This article helps lay a basis for the kind of deep analysis of the stakes of global food governance that is required today, under the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and with the threat of corporate capture of decision-making spaces. The article reviews the history of global food governance, identifies the critical questions that need to be asked, and suggests some directions that may contribute to strengthening the agency of rights-holders, weakening that of corporations, and democratizing multilateral governance.

Regulatory Capture in Product Markets and the Power of Business Interests

This article explains pervasive regulatory failure, lagging productivity, and the corporate capture of policy and policymakers as possibly unintended, but not unpredictable, outcomes of the New Zealand Treasury’s radical adoption during the 1980s of public choice and Chicago school doctrines. With deregulation and a limited role of government written into statutes and embodied in regulatory practice, the pathologies identified and described by Buchanan, Tullock, Stigler and their collaborators became more, rather than less, prevalent in the New Zealand regulatory landscape. Privatisation opened the way for looting; the Commerce Act and new regulatory guidelines enabled rather than blocked anticompetitive practices and monopolistic renttaking; relaxed oversight meant that foreign direct investment became more extractive and less productive. From relatively inclusive politics and strong regulatory enforcement, New Zealand shifted towards more extractive institutions and weaker regulation. As a result, market power is exercised by the current business and financial elite in ways that have worsened wealth and income distributions, imposed deadweight burdens (both static and dynamic) on the economy, and now confront policymakers with roadblocks to achieving more inclusive institutions and pursuing a ‘wellbeing’ agenda.

Re-grounding Human Rights as Cornerstone of Emancipatory Democratic Governance.

Envisioning democratic and internationalist ways of exercising peoples’ sovereignty beyond local and national borders requires the enrichment of human rights thinking with non-European cosmovisions, normative and legal thinking. Integrating human rights, environmental and climate law and the rights of nature plays a key role in building institutions and policies that can genuinely address the root causes of ecological destruction. Likewise, human rights should be at the forefront of the struggle to re-shape financial capitalism and its destructive economic model. They can guide transition processes towards more sustainable ways of production, distribution and consumption, but also towards the necessary protection of and support for care work. Finally, there is an urgent need for innovation in human rights institutions and practices. This goes from securing funding for independent work and combating corporate capture, addressing the colonial legacy still present in international law and human rights architecture, rebalancing the local, national, sub-regional, regional and international dimensions of human rights work, and finding ways to address the dilemmas of a state-centric human rights accountability and governance which do not fall into the traps of multi-stakeholderism.

Productivity divergence: state policy, corporate capture and labour power in the USA

Abstract What factors explain the divergence between returns to labour and overall productivity across US counties? We model the role of power at the subnational state level: Republican partisan control, corporate lobbying (measured by ALEC-sponsored bills) and labour power (unionisation). We find where state policy is captured by corporate interests, this undermines inclusive growth. Our hierarchical models use 2012 data for county areas in the continental USA and find labour returns are higher in states with more unionisation, but lower in states with Republican control and more corporate penetration of state legislatures. Labour and local government power have limited effect.

Introduction: The Politics of Open Access — Decolonizing Research or Corporate Capture?

ABSTRACTThis introductory article looks beyond the conventional framing of open access (OA) debates in terms of paywalls and copyrights, to examine the historical processes, institutional and digital infrastructures, and political dynamics shaping the effects of OA in development research. From a historical perspective, it focuses on tensions and crises in the relationship between scholarly and corporate publishing ecosystems. The spectrum of open access models is also examined, with a focus on green, gold, diamond and black, which tend to obscure the underlying scholarly publishing infrastructures that shape the parameters of openness and access. A closer look at distinctive for‐profit and non‐profit OA infrastructures reveals the inequitable and often neo‐colonial effects of for‐profit models on Southern researchers and the social sciences. Accounts of the politics of OA highlight processes of political capture of the OA agenda by Northern corporate and state interests and draw attention to alternative interest coalitions which are more suited to prioritizing the global public good over private profit. Reflecting on the requirements of OA in low‐resource environments, this article echoes calls for more equitable forms of openness and access in development research ecosystems, with a view to decolonizing as well as advancing OA.

When EU Political Convergence Fails in New Member States: Corporate and Party State Capture in Croatia and the Czech Republic

The unifying theme of our study is that democratic backsliding in the post-socialist new EU member states occurs against the backdrop of existing or emerging cases of state capture. Following an extensive overview of corporate and party state capture, we update and develop new empirical indicators for tracing each phenomenon. Our claim is that while both varieties of capture have negative effects on democratic legitimacy, there are striking differences in their modus operandi. In that regard we provide two critical case studies, Croatia and the Czech Republic.