Dimensional Materials Research Articles

Analytical Modeling and TCAD simulation of Surface Potential and Drain Current for Pocket Doped Negative Capacitance Field-Effect Transistor

Abstract In this work, a 2D analytical model for a Highly Doped Double Pocket Double Gate NCFET (HDDP-DG-NCFET) device has been developed. The framework of the model is derived from the Poisson’s equation, LK equation and solved utilizing appropriate boundary conditions. The developed model is projected for several device variables, including electric field, surface potential and drain current.
Afterward, to verify the model’s accuracy, Sentaurus TCAD has been utilized for device simulation, and a good agreement with 85–95% precision is witnessed. The comprehensive and structured analysis of device is provided by examining variations in dimensions of device, ferroelectric material and oxide materials. The presented analysis shows that, the proposed HDDP-DG-NCFET device has significant potential for low power applications.

Introduction

In May 2022, we held a workshop at the University of Erfurt on aesthetics and affects of power in the context of religion. The idea was to create a forum for exchange on how to approach social-cultural-religious power dynamics in their embodied and material dimensions, and how to explore how religion participates in the formation of subjects through aesthetics and affects. This special issue continues the discussion. The editorial contextualizes the special issue’s theme within various academic discourses. It shortly introduces the key concepts “power” and “aesthetics and affects” as well as the different contributions.

Studying the Materialization of Power in the Body

The body plays a crucial role in a critical study of religion that is interested in the interrelation of religion and social and cultural power dynamics, yet the “body” often remains a floating signifier. This paper seeks to overcome this default mode of critical social and cultural studies by placing the focus on the material body. Through an examination of the aesthetics of the neo-spiritual Israeli movement practice known as Gaga, I demonstrate how power materializes in bodies during practice; how the bodily and material power dimensions, both implicit and non-linguistic, can by critically addressed; and how neo-spiritualities as part of a contemporary religious landscape evolve around the body as a medium of power dynamics. I exemplify my approach by examining two aesthetic processes in the context of Gaga: (1) the connection between the teacher of movement instruction and the Gaga class participant and (2) Gaga’s body techniques that train sensory attention.

Composite Graphene for the Dimension- and Pore-Size-Mediated Stem Cell Differentiation to Bone Regenerative Medicine.

As one of the most promising means to repair diseased tissues, stem cell therapy with immense potential to differentiate into mature specialized cells has been rapidly developed. However, the clinical application of stem-cell-dominated regenerative medicine was heavily hindered by the loss of pluripotency during the long-term in vitro expansion. Here, a composite three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based biomaterial, denoted as GO-Por-CMP@CaP, with hierarchical pore structure (micro- to macropore), was developed to guide the directional differentiation of human umbilical cord MSCs (hucMSCs) into osteoblasts. GO-Por-CMP@CaP could act as a high-efficiency living composite material without a "dead space", effectively regulating the cellular response. The 3D topological structure generated via the two-step modification on two-dimensional graphene could effectively mimic the natural 3D microenvironment of cells, enhancing the stem cell attachment, which is not only conducive for the proliferation of stem cells but also beneficial for the osteogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, the wide existence of interconnected macropores was favorable for bone ingrowth, capillary formation, as well as the nutrients transportation. Furthermore, the concurrent existence of micro- and mesopores significantly promoted the extracellular matrix (ECM) adsorption, which ensured cellular attachment, leading to multiscale osteointegration. Both in vitro and in vivo assay demonstrated the above three factors collaborated mutually with nanosized calcium phosphate (CaP, with chemical similarities to the inorganic components of bone), which provided abundant adhesive sites to adequately induce osteogenic differentiation in the absence of any soluble growth factors. Proteomic analysis experiments confirmed that GO-Por-CMP@CaP promoted the differentiation of hucMSCs cells into osteoblasts by affecting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway through the up-regulation of SPP1 protein. Our study offers a pure material-based stem cell differentiation regulating behavior via engineering the dimension and porosity of material, which provides insights into the design and development of substitutes to bone repair materials.

Polycarbonate–Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Three Dimensional Printing Material Exhibits Biocompatibility and Enhances Osteogenesis and Gingival Tissue Formation with Human Cells

Three dimensional (3D) printing materials are widely used in dental applications, but their biocompatibility and interactions with human cells require evaluation. This study aimed to identify materials meeting biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and tissue-forming requirements for safe dental applications. We assessed the cytotoxicity of resins and thermoplastic filaments in human HaCaT keratinocytes, gingival fibroblasts (hGFs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) using PrestoBlue assays. Three resins, including two types of surgical guide resins, exhibited strong cytotoxicity after 4–72 h, while 2 h exposure to an FDA-approved surgical guide resin did not affect SHED cell viability. In contrast, six thermoplastic filaments showed no significant cytotoxicity even after 72 h. Among these, polycarbonate–acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC-ABS) demonstrated excellent toughness, heat resistance, and surface quality at a low cost. SHED cells cultured on PC-ABS dishes and micro bone structures showed strong proliferation and osteogenic potential. Culture inserts made of PC-ABS also supported the growth of HaCaT keratinocytes and the hGFs formed gingival tissue, which was superior to that formed on commercially available PET inserts. In conclusion, PC-ABS is a promising 3D printing material for dental applications due to its biocompatibility, ability to promote osteogenesis, and support for gingival tissue formation, with no observed cytotoxicity.

Experimental investigation of rotor wound multi disc magneto-rheological fluid brake

Magneto-Rheological fluid (MRF), known for changing properties under a magnetic field, is ideal for brakes and dampers in magnetically controlled devices. This research presents a novel design for a 10-disc MR brake using in-house Magneto-Rheological Fluid (MRF), distinguished by its integration of electromagnet windings directly onto the brake shaft. Magneto-static analysis, performed using Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software, optimized the material selection and dimensions, enhancing the magnetic field distribution across the MRF gap and maximizing braking torque. The design, with rotor windings and a consistent MRF gap, generates a uniform magnetic field, significantly boosting performance. Theoretical braking torque was estimated using Bingham plastic model for MRF characterization, aligning well with experimental results. The compact 10-disc MR brake design, weighing 1.19 kg, shows robust torque performance across varying current levels. Remarkably, prior research had not integrated electromagnet windings directly on the rotor of MR brake, marking this study as pioneering in advancing MR brake performance.

Pablo Matzel y sus gignates

This research is part of a larger project whose main purpose was to generate knowledge about part of the corpus of artistic cultural assets kept by the Museo de La Plata. The aim was to document this heritage and to deepen the study of the collection curator, to add historical and artistic content in support of the collection, in addition to locating it in space and time within the Historiography of local and national art. To this end, our interdisciplinary work integrated the contributions with historical, theoretical, methodological and technical content from the fields of Art History and Museology. Within this framework, we analyzed the only oil mural painting (1.86 x 3.28 m) by artist Pablo Matzel (-1926), made for the Museo de La Plata: The Mastodon and the Glyptodonts (ca. 1921). This analysis builds on the historical and cultural dimensions of the representation of prehistoric fauna, recovering the situations that brought about the encounter between the motif and the public. The mural by Matzel, whose works are mainly recognized in the field of scientific illustration, is inscribed in the naturalist tradition and is part of the Museum's collection, which entails reading the representations in the articulation between science and art. In the second half of the 19th century, any worthy museum needed to possess specimens of the gigantic fossil mammals from South America. The Museo de La Plata boasted an important variety of fossil remains of the true giants that Buenos Aires province could offer to the world. The work studied here expands this material dimension by presenting itself as a place to observe the construction and circulation of multiple and diverse knowledge types.

Beyond Borders: Navigating Cultural Sensitivities In Presenting Tulu Ritual Objects In Western Museums

The Tulu region of Karnataka has evolved various forms of performance-based rituals invoking the native guardian spirits, heroes, animals, etc. One such major seasonal festival of this region, Bhutakola, celebrates the several guardian spirits and tutelary deities (calleddaivas and bhutas) who protect the villages of Tulunadu. These deities are manifest during the festivals through ritual objects–in particular, masks, breastplates, and anklets–that are worn by a human performers. However, these objects have been displaced and displayed at American Art Museums through art collectors, enthusiasts, and the art market. I study the material dimensions of the Bhutakola ritual and its ritual efficacy, and its subsequent of these objects and their subsequent display in museums. I then ask: how might the identities of these objects change once they are displaced and displayed? To borrow from Richard Davis, what are the “disruptions and transformations” of these objects from their previous lives? Keywords: Bhutakola, Tulunadu, Museum Objects, Masks, South Asia

‘Everything I can do at home, I will do it at home’: the materialities, temporalities, and spatialities of telemedicine abortion care

ABSTRACT The advent of telemedicine abortion in 2020 in the United States meant that abortion care was increasingly pushed out of clinical settings and into the home. Yet, within the context of abortion inequalities and restrictions in the US, there is often more focus on provision of and access to medication abortion via telemedicine than there is on what happens after the abortion pills are acquired. This paper brings together and advances scholarship in abortion, care, and home geographies to address this empirical gap by exploring the material, temporal and spatial dimensions of telemedicine abortion care at home, and examining how these dimensions shape the embodied, emotional, and affective experience of abortion care. Telemedicine abortion allows individuals to self-manage the timing, symptoms, and space of their abortion, thereby creating a caring atmosphere. A geographical perspective on telemedicine abortion reveals that taking the abortion pills at home shapes the experience of abortion care.

Multidimensional well-being and income inequality in Central and Eastern Europe: A comparative analysis of CEE North and CEE Continental countries.

Central Eastern European countries (CEEc) are characterized both by huge diversity in income inequality and, on average, by lower levels of well-being than in the other European Union (EU) countries. Given that income inequality may affect well-being negatively, the present study aims to explore the links between income inequalities and different dimensions of well-being in the eight CEEc, i.e. Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. The analysis is conducted in the two groups of CEEc regarding low and high inequality in income distribution, namely CEE Continental group and CEE North group (corresponding to post-socialist corporatist and post-socialist liberal, respectively). The multidimensional concept of well-being is applied, enabling deep exploration of its links with income inequalities in the following dimensions: subjective well-being (happiness) and objective well-being (material, health, educational, and environmental dimensions). We estimate the vector autoregression (VAR) models based on annual data disaggregated into quarterly data covering 2004 to 2020. The empirical results of Granger causality testing, which was used to investigate the links between income inequality and multidimensional well-being, indicated that not only are there differences between the groups in the studied patterns of interconnectedness, but also the groups of CEE North and CEE Continental countries are not homogeneous in those links.

A Cd-based crystalline network material: catalytic properties and post-synthetic metal-ion metathesis with enhanced stability and gas sorption behaviour.

This study presents the synthesis of a Cd(II) based hydrophobic three dimensional crystalline network material (CNM), [Cd3(L)2(LH)2(bpe)2], {L = {4,4'-(hexafluroisopropylidine)bis(benzoate)} and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl) ethylene (bpe)}, 1(Cd), by employing the slow-diffusion method. The three-dimensional structure of 1(Cd) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Subsequently, post-synthetic modification of 1(Cd) with Cu(II) at room temperature led to the formation of isostructural 1(Cu) with partial substitution. This transformation, unattainable through de novo synthesis, was monitored using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), PXRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, and through visual observation confirming a single crystal to single crystal metal exchange. The modified material, 1(Cu), exhibited red-shifted emission with enhanced thermal stability and a tenfold increase in N2 uptake. Furthermore, the catalytic potential of 1(Cd) in aza-Michael addition reactions of α,β-unsaturated olefins to nucleophilic aromatic/aliphatic amines was demonstrated successfully under ambient conditions. This approach employed a heterogeneous and acid-base free methodology, showcasing the versatility and effectiveness of 1(Cd) as a catalyst.

Influence of the Transducer-Mounting Method on the Radiation Performance of Acoustic Sources Used in Monopole Acoustic Logging While Drilling.

Transducers used in acoustic logging while drilling (ALWD) must be mounted on a drill collar, and their radiation performance is dependent on the employed mounting method. Herein, the complex transmitting voltage response of a while-drilling (WD) monopole acoustic source was calculated through finite-element harmonic-response analysis. Subsequently, the acoustic pressure waveform radiated by the source driven by a half-sine excitation voltage signal was calculated using the complex transmitting voltage response. The calculation results were compared with those obtained using finite-element transient analysis to verify the accuracy of the calculation method. The influence of transducer-mounting methods on the radiation performance of the monopole acoustic source was examined by modifying the material and structural dimensions of the coupling medium between the transducer and drill collar as well as the material and thickness of the protective cover. Numerical simulations were performed, and a transducer-mounting method suitable for ALWD was proposed based on the simulation results. Results showed that soft rubber (as the coupling material; thickness = 2 mm) enabled the WD monopole acoustic source to radiate robust acoustic energy in an infinite fluid. Increasing the height of the coupling material enhanced the radiated acoustic energy and reduced axial vibrations on the drill collar. The radiated acoustic pressure signal was unaffected by a steel protective cover (thickness = 0.5 mm). Conversely, increasing the cover thickness reduced the energy of the radiated acoustic signal. With increasing pulse width of the half-sine excitation voltage signal, the amplitude of the radiated acoustic pressure of the transducer initially increased and then declined, reaching a maximum at a pulse width that was 0.6 times the resonant period. Overall, the findings help in designing acoustic-source structures and excitation signals for ALWD tools.

Pepe López’s Crisálida

This article offers a theoretical reading of Pepe López’s Crisálida, an installation that has become one of the most emblematic artistic works to emerge from and about the Venezuelan diaspora. Focusing on the material, temporal, and affective dimensions of the installation and drawing from an interdisciplinary corpus that conceptualizes slowness, thingness, visuality, and liminality, the article develops a framework that theorizes translucency, protection, and intimacy, and that situates diaspora’s spatiotemporality in a moment rarely explored in diasporic art, which is the moment before departure, when everything—the migrant condition, the transformation of “home” into “house”—is still undetermined. The article thus departs from academic works on diasporic art that rely on discourses of nostalgia, ruins, precarity, and violence, and focuses instead on the emergence of new subjectivities and forms of care that ground themselves on the multidimensional intimacy Crisálida stages. As such, it contributes to the scholarship on the relationship between art and migration in the Latin American context, and to the conceptual debates currently defining the fields of new materialism, memory studies, and affect theory.

Assembly of van der Waals structure from CVD-grown 2-dimensional materials using plasma-treated polyvinyl chloride

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) stacking structures have gathered significant attention owing to their unique properties.

Implementation of multiple soliton state fiber laser using a promising saturable absorber of silver indium phosphorus sulfide.

Based on the nonlinear broadband saturation absorption, ultrafast carrier recovery rate, and ultrashort recovery time of new low dimensional materials, ultrafast photonics has rapidly developed as an interdisciplinary field. We have demonstrated multiple solitons state output in an erbium-doped fiber laser based on saturable absorption characteristic of AgInP2S6. By preparing AgInP2S6 with a modulation depth of 10.3% as a saturable absorber, a soliton mode-locked operation state with a pulse duration of 292fs was achieved. The pulse repetition frequency is 43 MHz, and the signal-to-noise ratio is as high as 82 dB. In addition, a bound state soliton with a pulse width of 332fs and a harmonic mode-locked with a frequency of up to 645 MHz were also achieved. The experimental results support the possibility of AgInP2S6 as a saturable absorber; therefore, AgInP2S6 material may be a strong candidate for future promising saturable absorber materials.

Twist Angle Dependent High Degree of Anisotropic Emission and Phonon Scattering in WS2/NbOCl2 Heterostructure

Van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures provide a superior platform to combine different low dimensional materials together to tune their physical properties for different types of applications. Specifically, anisotropic heterostructures possess...

Do materialism and shopping enjoyment impact luxury brand purchase intention?

Some consumers have adapted to a modern lifestyle centred on projecting their status to society through materialistic presentations, including displaying luxury brand products. Our goal is to extend existing studies on this phenomenon and explore the direct effect of two dimensions of materialism (materialism self-projection vs. materialism evaluation of others) on shopping enjoyment and luxury brand purchase intention. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse data from 136 Malaysian respondents and found that materialism self-projection is responsible for shopping enjoyment and purchase intention. In contrast, the materialistic evaluation of others is only responsible for purchase intention but not shopping enjoyment. Finally, shopping enjoyment also directly impacts purchase intention. This study offers an alternative model of purchase intention, theoretical and practical implications, and several avenues for future studies.

A Trapped Body or a Living Stone? The Case of Grisaille and Demi-grisaille Paintings by Hans Memling

The en grisaille convention appeared in painting at the beginning of the fourteenth century in Italy, although it was already known in Antiquity – for instance, it is mentioned by Pliny the Elder, who calls it “monochromata.” It was quickly adopted by the French painters, especially illuminators. In the early fifteenth century, Dutch artists began to use it as well to decorate the closed wings of altarpieces with images imitating stone carvings. Monochrome was also used by Hans Memling, who introduced several innovations to this technique. There are several variants of monochrome in his works; though it should also be noted that he did not always use it. In almost all of his works, Memling gave the figures painted en grisaille an ambiguous character. They combine in varying proportions the qualities of living, corporeal beings and at the same time the qualities of a stone sculpture. They are also materially different from the accompanying lay persons and various accessories painted in multicolour. The reverses are fundamentally different from the open versions of the retables, where the scale and intensity of colour is incomparably richer; moreover, they are shallower in space and more modestly arranged. One of the most salient features of retables with movable wings is the transformation that takes place in the process of opening them. In Memling’s work, it has several stages: it begins with the closed wings, where, by means of illusion, the stone is transformed into a figure and the sculpture into a painting; it is then followed by a further, more radical stage after the opening of the wings: sacred reality appears in its full material and colour dimension, close to, but not identical to, the empirical world. The transformations of form, colour, and conventions that occur in Memling’s retables cannot be explained by purely liturgical considerations; such may have come into play in the large retables from Gdańsk and Lübeck intended to furnish chapels, while the small triptychs served private devotions and very possibly functioned in secular spaces. What is certain is that Memling’s monochrome images have an indeterminate status both in terms of their materiality – they are neither stone nor living being – and in terms of their genre – they are neither an imitation of a sculpture nor a painting, or in other words: they are at once stone and living beings, imitation sculpture and direct painting. This precarious state of the permanent intermingling of matter and means of expression made it all the more inviting to open the wings in order to find there – in the open retable – the solution to the riddle posed by the images outside.

Fabrication of cZIF-67/Ti3C2 Nanocomposites As Sulfur Host For Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

It is of great importance to develop high-performance energy storage systems that modern society needs for next-generation technologies such as electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and grid-scale storage. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the promising candidates for high-performance energy storage systems due to the high theoretical capacity of the sulfur. On the other hand, some drawbacks such as insulating nature of the sulfur and the polysulfide solubility limits the wide-spread application of Li-S batteries. Nanocomposite host materials with high surface area and conductive nature has a potential to improve the stability of sulfur cathodes. In this study, the MOF-derived heteroatom doped carbon (cZIF-67) and two dimensional Ti3C2 MXene materials were used to fabricated cZIF-67/Ti3C2 nanocomposites. The fabricated nanocomposites were used as sulfur host material for Li-S batteries. After the structural and chemical characterizations, S/cZIF-67/Ti3C2 nanocomposite cathodes were used in Li-S batteries, and their performance-related properties were examined. With the fabricated S/cZIF-67/Ti3C2 cathodes, the adverse effects caused by the insulating nature of sulfur and lithium polysulfides are eliminated.

Materiality, Religion and the Digital

This article proposes that the material dimension of religion can be articulated and experienced online. Considering that religion is an embodied phenomenon which relies on material elements, this paper will particularly focus on religious practices taking place in immersive virtual platforms in order to comprehend how the material dimension is manifested by users in their everyday life. Through a theoretical analysis, we propose that 3D social virtual worlds efficiently enable users to experience key material aspects such as embodiment and space, due to their high levels of immersivity, interactivity, and agency, by embodying avatars in customizable spaces. Meyer’s theory of mediation, Hoover and Echchaibi’s Third Spaces of Digital Religion, and Campbell’s theory of Religious–Social Shaping of Digital Technology (RSST) allows us to center the discussion on how religions are practiced and experienced by individuals and communities through various mediation practices, and how digital media acquires more affective meanings when they are involved in religious pursuits.