Coronavirus COVID-19 Pandemic Research Articles

Online Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 Risk and Cost Estimates on Worry and Health Behavior Compliance in Young Adults.

The novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is associated with elevated rates of anxiety and relatively lower compliance with public health guidelines in younger adults. To develop strategies for reducing anxiety and increasing adherence with health guidelines, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to anxiety and health compliance in the context of COVID-19. Earlier research has shown that greater perceived risk of negative events and their costs are associated with increased anxiety and compliance with health behaviors, but it is unclear what role they play in a novel pandemic surrounded by uncertainty. In the present study we measured (1) perceived risk as the self-reported probability of being infected and experiencing serious symptoms due to COVID-19 and (2) perceived cost as financial, real-world, physical, social, and emotional consequences of being infected with COVID-19. Worry was assessed using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PWSQ) and health compliance was measured as endorsement of the World Health Organization (WHO) health directives for COVID-19. Our results showed that greater perceived risk and costs of contracting the COVID-19 virus were associated with greater worry and while only costs were associated with greater compliance with health behaviors. Neither self-reported worry nor its interaction with cost estimates was associated with increased engagement in health behaviors. Our results provide important insight into decision making mechanisms involved in both increased anxiety and health compliance in COVID-19 and have implications for developing psychoeducational and psychotherapeutic strategies to target both domains.

О возможностях расширения полномочий нотариусов в части организации видео-конференц-связи с арбитражными судами и судами общей юрисдикции

In this article, the author considers the possibility of expanding the powers of notaries in terms of granting them the right to assist the courts in organizing court sessions through videoconferencing systems. The author concludes that the legal basis for this has actually been created, and such a consolidation of additional rights of notaries will significantly simplify the procedure for the remote participation of individuals in the consideration of the case. The granting of this right to notaries is especially relevant in the light of the development of the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19, which imposes serious restrictions on the possibility of direct, full-time participation of persons in court hearings.

Compliance and Self-Reporting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study of Trust and Self-Conscious Emotions in the United States, Italy, and South Korea.

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis. Many governments around the world have responded by implementing lockdown measures of various degrees of intensity. To be effective, these measures must rely on citizens’ cooperation. In the present study, we drew samples from the United States (N = 597), Italy (N = 606), and South Korea (N = 693) and examined predictors of compliance with social distancing and intentions to report the infection to both authorities and acquaintances. Data were collected between April 6th and 8th 2020. We investigated the role of cultural orientations of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt related to the infection and trust in the government’s action. Across all countries, vertical collectivism (VC) predicted stronger shame, whereas horizontal collectivism predicted stronger trust in the government. Only in the United States, VC was associated with stronger trust. Stronger feelings of shame predicted lower compliance and intentions to report the infection to both authorities and acquaintances. In contrast, guilt was associated with stronger intentions to report the infection to the authorities. Finally, trust was associated with stronger compliance and intentions to report the infection to the authorities. Unlike Italy and South Korea, the association between trust on compliance was not statistically significant in the United States, implications of the findings, and directions for future research are discussed.

Revealing industry challenge and business response to Covid-19: a text mining approach

PurposeThis study aims to conduct a “real-time” investigation with user-generated content on Twitter to reveal industry challenges and business responses to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. Specifically, using the hospitality industry as an example, the study analyses how Covid-19 has impacted the industry, what are the challenges and how the industry has responded.Design/methodology/approachWith 94,340 tweets collected between October 2019 and May 2020 by a programmed Web scraper, unsupervised machine learning approaches such as structural topic modelling are applied.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on business response during crises providing for the first time a study of using unstructured content on social media for industry-level analysis in the hospitality context.

IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON THE HOTEL BUSINESS IN IMERETI (GEORGIA)

The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is the global health crisis of our time. Every day people lose their jobs and income. The World Health Organization estimates that 25 million jobs could be lost. The pandemic has caused serious damage to the tourism industry. International traffic statistics decreased by 74%. One of the businesses that has been severely affected by the pandemic is the hotel business. More than 75% of which suffered significant revenue cuts and 46% of hotels and restaurants had to lay off staff in full.There are 262 accommodation facilities in Imereti, where 1179 people are employed. Studies have shown that the number of employees in all hotels has been significantly reduced, while 10% of small hotels have closed altogether. Overall, from the first wave of the pandemic to the survey period, 65.8% of hotel staff were laid off (free leave was granted): small hotels reduced service staff by 71%, medium-sized hotels by an average of 65%.Hotel revenue for the first 10 months of 2020 decreased significantly compared to the same period in 2019 (reduced by 75%).It was found that due to delays caused by the coronavirus, additional financial resources were needed to save the business and 34% of the hotels applied to financial institutions.The state is trying to support small and medium-sized businesses with measures such as deferral of rent, subsidies, deferral of taxes.Quarantine zones and coveted hotels were opened in a number of hotels, which helped maintain employment and income for sector representatives and people employed in the sector.

The Financial Implications of the Coronavirus COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 was a real shock to the entire global community. It hit both the health systems of the infected countries and the economies. Border closures, quarantines for citizens and disruption of production caused economic shock to many organizations. First, the tourism and transport industry suffered, followed by agriculture and mining, and then all other industries. However, the economic crisis also caused some problems in the financial sector: increased risks of non-compliance with loans, cash outs of bank deposits, increased pressure on the insurance market, panic in commodity and securities markets. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the financial system of developed countries. As part of this study, a review of scientific research in the field of pandemics and finances was conducted, how the spread of infection affected the economy, banking, financial markets, and government regulation in the financial sector as a whole.

The reality of distance learning services provided to Deaf students during the Coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic

The reality of distance learning services provided to Deaf students during the Coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic

Preface

The 10th International Conference on Public Organization (ICONPO X 2020) was held at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta of Indonesia from 13 to 14 October 2020 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Unfortunately, with the unprecedented situation during global pandemic, the event was held in virtual conference. Since at this time it is difficult to predict the end of the pandemic, the ambience of participant has affected as well. Which the participant who submit their article is about 105 articles and we only received 66 final articles that are distributed from author to the conference committee. The rest of 39 articles’ author are not sending their progress of work during the review process. The reviewers were some known scientific organizations, such as Thammasat University, Khon Kaen University, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology, Universiti Utara Malaysia.As the Coronavirus COVID-19 Pandemic is gaining an ever-tighter grip on our daily lives, we are seeing that many events are canceled, postponed, or moved. The ICONPO 2020 organizers are concerned about health and we want to do our part to keep everyone safe by conducting meetings in a virtual format.It is for this reason that we believe it to be possible to hold the conference on the date. However, the support and enthusiasm by our participants, partners, and co-host of the conference altogether is an option for us.Despite these ongoing changes, we are committed to keeping ICONPO on track will continue, and we ask all authors of submitted papers for their participation in this conference in a virtual format. We prepare the technical advance accordingly, to make sure all participants are able to present their paper together with all papers accepted through peer-review and fit for publication will be published in the indexed proceedings.The following themes covered the most important topics in the composite sciences field are:• The Artificial Intelligent of Public Sector• Big Data for Evidence Based of Public Policy• The Artificial Intelligent and Complexity in Public Policy Theory• The Artificial Intelligent and Big Data for Decision Making• Risks of Artificial Intelligence• Review of Artificial Intelligence• Artificial Intelligence Survey of Expert Opinion• Modern Risk Society Public Policy• 21st Century Politics in Public Policy• The Complex World of Intelligent Policy• The Artificial Intelligent and Public Policy in Cultural Property• Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Public Healthcare• Artificial Intelligence Applications and Challenges• The Implications of Artificial Intelligent in Public Policy Theory• The Artificial Intelligent in Turbulent World of Public Policy• The Artificial Intelligent Impact in Political Science and Public PolicyList of THE COMMITTEES are available in this pdf.

Dialectical Implementation of Contractual Obligation in Light of the Spread of the coronavirus COVID19 Pandemic between Force Majeure and Unforeseen: A Comparative Study

The paper seeks to examine the situations that have arisen with the global spread of Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the implementation of contractual obligations. This is in light of the fact that governments have been taking multiple measures, for instance issuing orders regarding the closure of unnecessary activities in order to mitigate the spread of coronavirus COVID-19. The fast progression of this pandemic meant that contractual parties have not been capable of being in line with the terms stipulated in the contract because of multiple factors, such as government actions, the implementation of social distancing, the lack of infrastructure in areas such as ports and terminals, or supply chain implications. Thus, legal questions emerged which will be addressed with reference to Bahraini legislation, along with the presenting of suggestions to overcome such issues using analytical method and comparative approach.

Level of Satisfaction of the Practical Studies Teachers with the Distance Education Experience in Kuwait in Light of the CoronaVirus COVID-19

The study aimed to identify the level of satisfaction of the practical studies’ teachers with the distance education experience in Kuwait in light of the coronavirus covid-19 pandemic. To achieve that, the researchers used the survey method. It was applied on a sample of (120) male and female practical studies’ teachers in Mubarak Al-Kabeer governorate in the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The researchers built a questionnaire consisting of (20) items to measure the level of their satisfaction with the distance learning experience, and verifying its validity and reliability. The results of the study showed that the level of satisfaction of the practical studies’ teachers with the distance education experience in Kuwait was moderate. The results also revealed that there are no statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) in the level of satisfaction of the practical studies’ teachers due to the gender variable. While there are statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) in the level of satisfaction due to the variable of educational experience and in favor of who hold an experience with less than (5) years.

Межстрановые сопоставления безработицы и экономического роста в условиях пандемии COVID-19

Introduction. The factor of a sharp slowdown in economic growth in almost all countries since the beginning of 2020 has been quite atypical. Whereas previously we had seen shocks mainly related to economic processes, this time the “black swan” was a public health emergency – the new coronavirus pandemic COVID-19. A feature of this crisis was the unprecedented measures of states to restrict the movement of citizens, as well as the suspension of the activities of both industrial enterprises and enterprises in the sphere of trade and services. The aim of this work is to make cross-country comparisons of the impact of increased unemployment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on different countries’ economic growth. Theoretical analysis. The relationship between the actual output gap and potential and cyclical unemployment rates has traditionally been studied according to the well-known law of A. Okun. Okun’s Law can be viewed as a linear algebraic equation for the function of real gross domestic product (GDP). The essence of the law is that with an increase in cyclical unemployment, total output should decrease, since the number of people employed in GDP production falls. Empirical analysis. Cross-country comparisons of economic growth and characteristics of the labor market in Russia, the USA, China, Canada and Germany from 2000 to 2020, including the period of the new coronavirus infection pandemic, were carried out. Results. Based on the analysis of time series of GDP and the unemployment rate, it is shown that, depending on the depth and effectiveness of state support measures for business in terms of maintaining employment, deviations of the actual values of GDP from those calculated in accordance with Okun’s empirical law are observed. The largest and smallest deviations in real GDP changes from the predictions for the first half of 2020 have been recorded in Germany and Canada, respectively.

Statistical Analysis of the Dynamics of Performance Indicators of Russian Universities

The article presents the results of a study based on statistical methods for analyzing trends in the Russian higher education system over the five-year period preceding the global crisis provoked by the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19. This study is one of the first attempts at a large-scale analysis of the growth rates of the performance indicators of universities in recent years. Its results, according to the author, make it possible to form both a general picture of changes in Russian higher education and a detailed picture for individual groups of universities.The author has analyzed the dynamics of six indicators of the activity of organizations of higher professional education (535 universities from 80 constituent entities of the Russian Federation): the passing score of the Unified State Examination (USE), the qualifications of academic staff, their publication activity, the internationalization of the student body, the profitability of activities and the provision of educational and laboratory premises. Trends in the change in the values of these indicators are revealed depending on the form of ownership, specialization and status of the university.It was found that, in general, the average values of the indicators for five years increased: the passing score of the USE - by 5%; the share of the teaching staff with an academic degree in the total number of teaching staff - by 5%; the number of publications per one scientific and pedagogical worker (SPW) - 2.2 times; the share of foreign students in the total number of students - 1.5 times; profitability of activities - 1.3 times; the total area of educational and laboratory premises - by 8%.At the same time, in non-state universities, the USE passing score has decreased, and they lag behind state universities in terms of growth in the publication activity of the teaching staff and the internationalization of the student body. However, their results are higher in terms of the growth of profitability of activities and provision of educational and laboratory premises.Specialized universities have achieved an increase in the indicators of the publication activity of academic staff and the internationalization of the student body. Among the negative trends, a decrease in the passing score of the USE in medical universities, as well as in the equipment of teaching and laboratory facilities of medical and sports universities, was revealed.The highest growth in the publication activity of SPW was observed in national research universities (24.5%), and in the internationalization of the student body - in federal universities (33.3%).Changes in the operating conditions of universities during a pandemic are likely to have an ambiguous effect on the analyzed indicators in subsequent periods. For their adequate assessment, it may be necessary to adjust the methodology for calculating indicators of the activity of higher education institutions, taking into account their intensive use of distance learning technologies.

Using COVID-19 Pandemic as an Opportunities for Technology Usage Inspiration and Innovation for African Countries

In developing nations, and on the African continent in particular, the uptake and impact of technological and other developments is often slower than in other parts of the world. While pockets of development exist on the continent as a source of work, education and access much of Africa remains trapped in a cycle of poverty.In this worldwide health crisis, the medical industry is looking for new technologies to monitor and controls the spread of COVID19 (Coronavirus) pandemic. AI is one of such technology which can easily track the spread of this virus, identifies the high-risk patients, and is useful in controlling this infection in real-time. Educators have created online classrooms in a matter of days. Information resources to educate the public and track the spread of the virus using big data sprang up seemingly overnight. Finally, those of us fortunate enough to have jobs that allow us to work from home are learning the full potential of the communication technologies that the 21stcentury has bestowed upon us. None of these tasks have been easy, but individuals and organizations have demonstrated the motivation and mind shifts needed to research, innovate, and act quickly.AI embodies the field of knowledge that seeks to create machines (computers) thatcan emulate human cognitive functions such as learning, reasoning, understanding, vision, perception, recognition, and problem solving to a reasonable level. Computers that have AI capabilities are currently being used in severalreal-worlddomains to solve problems. AI has already played a significant role in each stage of fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Some areas where we saw immediate applications include the processing of large amounts of data to find patterns that could lead to the discovery of potential treatment drugs; as well astreating infected people.The novel aspect of this pandemic involves several unknowns and is likely to have a lingering impact for years to come. However, despite the current climate, I am somewhat comforted that the history of past pandemics and crises suggests an eventual recovery plan for the world. After all, necessity is the mother of all invention. New creations arise out of disruption.

Corona-Nidaan: lightweight deep convolutional neural network for chest X-Ray based COVID-19 infection detection.

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is today’s major public health crisis, we have faced since the Second World War. The pandemic is spreading around the globe like a wave, and according to the World Health Organization’s recent report, the number of confirmed cases and deaths are rising rapidly. COVID-19 pandemic has created severe social, economic, and political crises, which in turn will leave long-lasting scars. One of the countermeasures against controlling coronavirus outbreak is specific, accurate, reliable, and rapid detection technique to identify infected patients. The availability and affordability of RT-PCR kits remains a major bottleneck in many countries, while handling COVID-19 outbreak effectively. Recent findings indicate that chest radiography anomalies can characterize patients with COVID-19 infection. In this study, Corona-Nidaan, a lightweight deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), is proposed to detect COVID-19, Pneumonia, and Normal cases from chest X-ray image analysis; without any human intervention. We introduce a simple minority class oversampling method for dealing with imbalanced dataset problem. The impact of transfer learning with pre-trained CNNs on chest X-ray based COVID-19 infection detection is also investigated. Experimental analysis shows that Corona-Nidaan model outperforms prior works and other pre-trained CNN based models. The model achieved 95% accuracy for three-class classification with 94% precision and recall for COVID-19 cases. While studying the performance of various pre-trained models, it is also found that VGG19 outperforms other pre-trained CNN models by achieving 93% accuracy with 87% recall and 93% precision for COVID-19 infection detection. The model is evaluated by screening the COVID-19 infected Indian Patient chest X-ray dataset with good accuracy.

Science online learning during the covid-19 pandemic: difficulties and challenges

Students, parents, and teachers in Indonesia get the tremendous effects of the coronavirus (Covid-19 Pandemic) when schools are closed and the rules of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) were set to overcome the global pandemic. While the government is doing its best to handle the outbreak of the epidemic, teachers respond and strive to provide qualified education for their students during these difficult times. Sciences should be learned through minds-on and hands-on, hence teachers must be able to create virtual classroom conditions that help students maintain learning momentum while they cannot interact each other physically. This study aimed to identify the difficulties experienced by science teachers during online learning and describe the efforts of science teachers to conduct online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research data were obtained through a survey using a semi-structured online questionnaire. The respondents were 82 junior high school teachers and 104 biology high school teachers in Indonesia. Data analysis used a quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the majority of science teachers (77.5%) got difficulty in managing online learning. This difficulty was identified in three main factors namely technology, students, and teachers. Internet access was a technological factor that causes the greatest difficulty (42.4%) in online learning. Other difficulties came from the students by 21.5%, including low motivation, time management skills that were not optimal, and the lack of communication devices such as smartphones. The third factor, namely teachers, contributed 36.1% of difficulties, especially related to the explanation of concepts and the use of online learning applications. Based on these difficulties, 77.4% of teachers made an effort to carry out online learning optimally by presenting the material and providing slide presentation, discussion, as well as learning evaluation. A small percentage of teachers (22.6%) used online classes only for task assignments and learning evaluation. The efforts of science teachers to manage online learning have not optimized students’ varied learning experiences because science can’t be learned by reading and discussion only, but also by hands-on activities.

The Impact of Integrating ICT in Malay Foreign Language Teaching and Learning

COVID-19 affects 213 countries and territories around the world. This pandemic prompts substantial negative repercussions on social, health, economic, education, and tourism domains. New norms of life activities are designed as a solution so that life can be continued as before. This situation includes the education field, whereby various methods are created so that the progression of learning and teaching can be carried out even in limited circumstances. An imperative solution was chosen to integrate ICT into this field. Thus, the ICT applications in teaching and learning were the researchers’ focus of attention. This research centred predominantly on Malay foreign language teaching and learning that must adapt and renew itself to be compatible with the ICT. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of ICT and highlight the positive effects of it in order to keep up with the prevailing situation of the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. The writing of this paper was based on research focusing on Malay foreign language teaching and learning using ICT. Studies revealed that the application of ICT in language learning begins to get recognition from educators. Although there are some strengths in integrating the ICT on the other, it still holds considerable vulnerability which requires improvements to be made in order to meet teaching and learning requirements. Therefore, this study further illustrated the level of impact of integrating ICT in the education as a source of reference to the educator and education apps developer who created more sophisticate apps and fulfilled the demand of education. This analysis too would become a reference to literature review in extemporising the quality of teaching and learning in Malay foreign language.

From COVID-19 herd immunity to investor herding in international stock markets: The role of government and regulatory restrictions

We study if government response to the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic can mitigate investor herding behaviour in international stock markets. Our empirical analysis is informed by daily stock market data from 72 countries from both developed and emerging economies in the first quarter of 2020. The government response to the COVID-19 outbreak is measured by means of the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, where higher scores are associated with greater stringency. Three main findings are in order. First, results show evidence of investor herding in international stock markets. Second, we document that the Oxford Government Response Stringency Index mitigates investor herding behaviour, by way of reducing multidimensional uncertainty. Third, short-selling restrictions, temporarily imposed by the national and supranational regulatory authorities of the European Union, appear to exert a mitigating effect on herding. Finally, our results are robust to a range of model specifications.

From COVID-19 herd immunity to investor herding in international stock markets: The role of government and regulatory restrictions

We study if government response to the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic can mitigate investor herding behaviour in international stock markets. Our empirical analysis is informed by daily stock market data from 72 countries from both developed and emerging economies in the first quarter of 2020. The government response to the COVID-19 outbreak is measured by means of the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, where higher scores are associated with greater stringency. Three main findings are in order. First, results show evidence of investor herding in international stock markets. Second, we document that the Oxford Government Response Stringency Index mitigates investor herding behaviour, by way of reducing multidimensional uncertainty. Third, short-selling restrictions, temporarily imposed by the national and supranational regulatory authorities of the European Union, appear to exert a mitigating effect on herding. Finally, our results are robust to a range of model specifications.

Global Supply Chains: New Trends in the Context of the Coronavirus Pandemic

The article is dedicated to the new trends emerging in the global supply chain, related to the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19, substantially affected production, transportation and marketing of goods. The authors underline a high risks of initial chain location in China, which sporadically leads to a localization of production supply within national borders. This biase in the international logistics is rather long term than short term I terms of national sustainability. The authors underline the icreasing significance of risk reduction and supply chain reliability over minimization of cost in the logistical decision makings. The ambivalency in the trade of the pandemic emergency goods is analysed in a sense of providing specifically favourable terms for its sirculation among the countries on the one side and the national protection issued for such goods by the national governments, pursuing its sufficient provision on the domestic market on the other side.

The impact of Covid-19 on gold and gemstone artisanal and small-scale mining in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Ghana and Kenya

ABSTRACT Artisanal and small-scale miners are facing unprecedented challenges due to the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. The paper adopts a practice-based approach to examine the impact of Covid-19 on gold and gemstone artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) practices in sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights the informality of ASM and discusses how the Ghana and Kenya governments’ measures have significantly increased the vulnerabilities of the miners and mining communities. Based on a document analysis of the governments’ responses to Covid-19, mining industry reports, and interviews with 29 mining stakeholders in Ghana and Kenya, the paper identifies the economic and social impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on gold and gemstone ASM in both countries. We highlight the key policy challenges and suggest actions that can help mitigate the negative impacts the pandemic has had on ASM, which include the need to address informality in the ASM sub-sector.