Coronavirus Infection Research Articles

The triple combination of Remdesivir (GS-441524), Molnupiravir and Ribavirin is highly efficient in inhibiting coronavirus replication in human nasal airway epithelial cell cultures and in a hamster infection model

The use of fixed dose-combinations of antivirals with different mechanisms of action has proven key in the successful treatment of infections with HIV and HCV. For the treatment of infections with SARS-CoV-2 and possible future epi-/pandemic coronaviruses, it will be important to explore the efficacy of combinations of different drugs, in particular to avoid resistance development, such as in patients with immunodeficiencies. This work explores the effect of a combination of 3 broad-spectrum antiviral nucleosides on the replication of coronaviruses. To that end, we made use of primary human airway epithelial cell (HAEC) cultures grown at the air-liquid interface that were infected with the beta coronavirus OC43. We found that the triple combination of GS-441524 (the parent nucleoside of remdesivir), molnupiravir and ribavirin resulted in a more pronounced antiviral efficacy than what could be expected from a purely additive antiviral effect. The potency of this triple combination was next tested in SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters in a prophylactic setup. To that end, for each of the drugs, intentionally suboptimal or even ineffective doses were selected. Yet, in the lungs of all hamsters that received triple prophylactic therapy (but not in those that received the respective double combinations) no infectious virus was detectable. Our findings indicate that co-administration of approved drugs for the treatment of coronavirus infections should be further explored but also against other families of viruses with epidemic and pandemic potential for which no effective antiviral treatment is available.

A case report of prolonged viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient who receive ibrutinib for CLL therapy

Patients on B cell immunosuppressive treatments have been shown to have persistent infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this report, a woman treated with ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia experienced more than 40 days of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Unexpectedly, her peripheral blood experiments showed a normal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody level and a relatively elevated percentage of CD19 + B cells, while an obvious decrease in the percentages of NK cells, CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells. Further SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell analysis in this patient indicated a significant decrease in the percentage of SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ, TNF-α or IL-2 producing CD4 + T or CD8 + T cells. Most notably, ten days after the cease of ibrutinib, the PCR for SARS-CoV-2 turned negative and the reduced proportions of peripheral CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells recovered. Our research predicted that the depleted B-cell function therapies may play considerable role in the development of long COVID-19 and the abnormal T-cell subset distribution might be the underlying mechanism.

Resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in camelid nasal organoids is associated with lack of ACE2 expression

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects a variety of animal species. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is primarily determined by the utilization of the viral receptor, ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a broad range of animal ACE2 isoforms in vitro, including the ACE2 from various camelid species. However, experimental infection of these animals does not lead to productive infection or seroconversion. In this study, we investigate the susceptibility of camelids to SARS-CoV-2 using novel well-differentiated camelid nasal organoids. We show that camelid nasal organoids are highly susceptible to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, but not to infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants (614G, BA.1 or EG.5.1.1). All viruses efficiently infected human airway organoids. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the absence of ACE2 on camelid nasal organoids and dromedary camel upper respiratory tract. In contrast, DPP4 was expressed in both camelid nasal organoids and the camel upper respiratory tract, which correlates with MERS-CoV infection. This study indicates that the camelid upper respiratory tract lacks expression of ACE2, which is associated with resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Control strategies against Corona virus infection in schools of Al-Basrah city, Iraq

Control strategies against Corona virus infection in schools of Al-Basrah city, Iraq

Features of supply and approaches to the use of vitamin D in children in the post-COVID period

Vitamin D is an important component of immune function, and deficiency in childhood is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory viral infections. Purpose. To assess the dynamics of vitamin D supply in children after a new coronavirus infection with the use of cholecalciferol. Material and methods. We examined 55 children aged 0–17 years (10.0 [9.2; 10.6] years), 52.7 % boys with COVID-19, who received cholecalciferol in a dose of 1000 to 3000 IU for 30 days in depending on the concentration of 25(OH)D. After 30 days of taking vitamin D3, the levels of total vitamin D in the blood serum were re-determined. Results. The median 25(OH)D level in children with COVID-19 was 24.5 [23.9; 26.7] ng/ml. 34.5 % of children had vitamin D deficiency status (≤ 20 ng/ml), 32.7 % had insufficiency (21–30 ng/ml), a third of patients had normal vitamin D status (≥ 30 ng/ml). As a result of treatment with cholecalciferol, the number of children with hypovitaminosis D decreased by 2 times (35.4 %, p < 0.05), with an adequate level — doubled (65.5 %, p < 0.05). Depending on the level of 25(OH)D, no statistically significant differences were found in the severity of coronavirus infection (χ² = 0.872, p = 0.929). Conclusion. In 2/3 of cases, children infected with SARS-CoV-2 had hypovitaminosis D. Children under 6 years of age were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency, while patients 7–17 years of age had a deficiency. The distribution of vitamin D levels did not differ depending on the severity of coronavirus infection. Doses of cholecalciferol taken for 30 days were sufficient to increase the concentration of vitamin D in the blood serum of children with deficiency but did not reach standard values in patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Creating a speech portrait of a modern Chinese teacher in online media

The purpose of the study is to identify the speech characteristics of modern Chinese teachers. The object of the study is the blog(s). Special attention is paid to the visual and auditory design of the video material: the presence of music, the design of the room, the style of the blogger's clothes, the manner of speech. The desire to show their own market attractiveness against the background of competitors, the desire to become popular and have their own audience on the Internet motivates bloggers to show authority in a variety of ways. The research material was two commercials of English language courses on the "bilibili" platform. The coronavirus infection has pushed the Chinese government and private educators to develop online teaching platforms, among which the bilibili video hosting can be cited as example. Users of this platform have the opportunity not only to watch videos, but also to purchase video courses on various topics. The work uses a descriptive method (observation, interpretation, generalization). In the course of the study, the speech analyzer programs Text-Analyzer and Cathoven were used, with the help of which the approximate level of oral text on the CEFR scale was determined. As a result of the analysis, the main features of the speech portrait of the teacher-blogger were highlighted, and the importance of the image on the Internet for attracting an audience was emphasized. The main contribution of the author is a comprehensive study of the image of a modern teacher in Chinese linguoculture. Along with the economic boom and the development of social networks in China, there has been a reassessment of traditional values. The penetration of Western mass culture has had a strong impact on the population, especially on the younger generation, who use the Internet to a greater extent and consume entertainment and educational content. This influence has not spared modern Chinese teachers. Studying the image of a Chinese teacher in modern realities will help to update information about Chinese culture, its synthesis with modern mass culture and traditional Confucian values.

Боковой амиотрофический склероз и его маски, коморбидная патология с быстрым летальным исходом: клинический случай

INTRODUCTION. Despite the fact that more than 150 years have passed since the first mention of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this disease are still not fully resolved. However, the results of recent research in the field of genetics with the identification of genes associated with ALS, understanding the mechanisms of disease development and, as a result, the creation of effective drugs give hope that in the near future the disease will cease to be fatal. AIM. To analyze domestic and foreign publications on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To present a clinical case of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The analysis of domestic and foreign publications for the period 1997-2024 is carried out. The sources of the Russian scientific electronic library eLibrary, RSCI databases, PubMed were used. CASE PRESENTATION. A patient is presented who, at the age of 56, developed mixed paresis of the right hand, followed by the development of mixed tetraparesis and simultaneously bulbar syndrome within 3 months. Differential diagnosis was performed between spondylogenic cervical myelopathy, endocrinopathy and ALS. Based on anamnestic data, clinical picture, rate of progression of symptoms, results of electroneuromyography, lack of improvement against the background of therapy, the main diagnosis was made: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a primary generalized form with mixed tetraparesis, bulbar syndrome. 2 weeks after discharge from the hospital in a stable condition, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 coronavirus infection, with a rapid fatal outcome from respiratory failure (7 months after the debut of ALS). CONCLUSION. A feature of the described ALS case is a rather rare primary generalized form of the disease (having such unfavorable prognosis factors as the development of bulbar syndrome at the beginning of the disease, a short time period from the appearance of the first symptoms to diagnosis), the presence of masking pathology in the form of spondylogenic myelopathy and the addition of COVID-19 with a rapid fatal outcome. With all the severity of ALS and an unfavorable prognosis, the presence of comorbid pathology can make the course of the disease even more dramatic. KEYWORDS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comorbid pathology, coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

Arterial stiffness in adults with Long COVID in sub-Saharan Africa.

Severe acute coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with endothelial damage, and impaired nitric oxide production, which results in arterial stiffness and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Long COVID is a term used to describe the persistence or the development of new symptoms that can occur after an acute infection. Little is known about the association between arterial stiffness and Long COVID. An observational, cross-sectional study in which arterial stiffness was measured with pulse wave velocity (PWV) was carried out in 74 participants between 19 and 40 years old (53 with Long COVID, 21 age and gender-matched controls). Data was collected from participants between 1 and 9 months after acute COVID-19 infection using the Complior analyze unit protocol. The Long COVID group had higher carotid-radial-PWV (crPWV) than controls (10 m/s interquartile range [IQR] 8.5-11.2 m/s) versus 8.8 m/s (IQR 7.7-9.2 m/s) as was their carotid-radial-arterial stiffness index (crASI) (2.26 cm/ms (IQR 1.9-2.56 cm/ms) vs. 2.01 cm/ms (IQR 1.82-2.27 cm/ms); p < 0.05) in both. They also had more type-A waveforms, indicating increased arterial stiffening. Peripheral arterial stiffness was higher in adults with Long COVID than in controls who were never infected with SARS-CoV-2 as noted by the elevated levels of crPWV and crASI among adults with Long COVID.

Invasive Listeriosis After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection.

Acute deteriorated consciousness is commonly reported in elderly COVID-19 patients. Secondary bacterial infection is common in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultatively intracellular rod-shaped bacterium ubiquitously distributed in the environment and is an opportunistic and foodborne pathogen. Pregnant women and their newborns, adults aged 65 years or older, and immunocompromised people are more vulnerable to Listeria -related invasive disease. A 74-year-old man with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with initial presentations of headache and acute disorientation, which was finally diagnosed with L . monocytogenes bacteremia and meningitis. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex PCR) assay was used to rapidly diagnose it in the emergency department.

Antiviral Activity of Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanocomposites Against Murine Betacoronavirus.

The high infectivity of coronaviruses has led to increased interest in developing new strategies to prevent virus spread. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) have attracted much attention in the antiviral field. We investigated the potential antiviral activity of GO and AgNPs combined in the nanocomposite GO-Ag against murine betacoronavirus MHV using an in vitro model. GO, AgNPs, and GO-Ag characterization (size distribution, zeta potential, TEM visualization, FT-IR, and EDX analysis) and XTT assay were performed. The antiviral activity of GO-Ag nanocomposites was evaluated by RT-qPCR and TCID50 assays. The results were compared with free AgNPs and pure GO. Cell growth and morphology of MHV-infected hepatocytes treated with GO-Ag composites were analyzed by JuLI™Br. Immunofluorescence was used to visualize the cell receptor used by MHV. Ultrastructural SEM analysis was performed to examine cell morphology after MHV infection and GO-Ag composite treatment. A significant reduction in virus titer was observed for all nanocomposites tested, ranging from 3.2 to 7.3 log10 TCID50. The highest titer reduction was obtained for GO 5 µg/mL - Ag 25 µg/mL in the post-treatment method. These results were confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. The results indicate that GO-Ag nanocomposites exhibited better antiviral activity compared to AgNPs and GO. Moreover, the attachment of AgNPs to the GO flake platform reduced their cytotoxicity. In addition, the GO-Ag composite modulates the distribution of the Ceacam1 cell receptor and can modulate cell morphology. Graphene oxide sheets act as a stabilizing agent, inhibiting the accumulation of AgNPs and reducing their cellular toxicity. The GO-Ag composite can physically bind and inhibit murine betacoronavirus from entering cells. Furthermore, the constant presence of GO-Ag can inhibit MHV replication and significantly limit its extracellular release. In conclusion, GO-Ag shows promise as an antiviral coating on solid surfaces to minimize virus transmission and spread.

Equine coronavirus infection and replication in equine intestinal enteroids

Equine coronavirus infection and replication in equine intestinal enteroids

Male sexual disorder in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Background At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus infection disease, named COVID-19, emerged in China. In this context, couples’ sexual lives could have been significantly altered. Fear of the COVID-19 pandemic implications affects their lives, or the lives of friends and relatives might produce feelings of anxiety and panic. Sometimes, these feelings can degenerate into further negative psychological reactions, including adjustment disorder and depression. Aim To find the relation between COVID-19 pandemic and occurrence of male sexual disorders. Patients and methods In this retrospective study 300 cases with past history of COVID-19 virus infection were included in this study. They were recruited from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Al-Azhar University (Assiut) Hospital. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the prepandemic and postpandemic erectile dysfunction scores (P=0.043). There was a statistically significant difference between prepandemic and postpandemic scores according to premature ejaculation (P=0.022). There was a significant difference among erectile dysfunction and both depression degree (χ 2=90.706, P&lt;0.001) and anxiety degree (χ 2=263.652, P&lt;0.001) likewise, it has been found that there was a significant difference among premature ejaculation and both depression degree (χ 2=109.542, P&lt;0.001) and anxiety degree (χ 2=165.382, P&lt;0.001). Conclusion Significant difference between prepandemic and postpandemic scores according to erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Among erectile dysfunction and both depression degree and anxiety degree likewise, it has been found that there was a significant difference among premature ejaculation and both depression degree and anxiety degree.

Bacterial co-infections in cancer patients with COVID-19: predictors and antimicrobial resistance trends.

Within the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study investigated the multifaceted challenges of bacterial infections in cancer patients with COVID-19. It focuses on clinical predictors, resistance patterns, and microbiological characteristics. Over 18 months, 112 adult cancer patients with coronavirus infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were enrolled. Bloodstream and respiratory samples were evaluated for bacterial infection using the Phoenix automation system for definitive species identification. In vitro susceptibility testing followed the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100-Ed30 guidelines. Bacterial infections affected 25.0% of patients, encompassing bacteremia (21.4%) and respiratory tract infections (8.0%). Multivariable analysis identified hypertension, age < 60, and critical COVID-19 as significant predictors for bacterial infections (p-values = 0.024, 0.029, and 0.039, respectively). Most patients received antimicrobial therapy (93.8%), including last-resort carbapenems (52.7%) and colistin (8.9%). Thirty-three bacterial isolates were identified, with secondary infections doubling co-infection rates. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common co-infecting species, while Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species were more frequently associated with secondary infections. Alarmingly, 84.8% of isolates displayed high resistance patterns. All isolated S. aureus species were methicillin-resistant, and 62.5% of Gram-negative bacteria were exclusively sensitive to colistin. The dominance of highly transmissible hospital-acquired bacterial species, with increased resistance and extensive antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients, necessitates strict infection control and antimicrobial stewardship. Developing customized antimicrobial strategies for cancer patients with COVID-19 is crucial to managing bacterial infections effectively and improving patient outcomes.

To the question of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with COVID-19

COVID-19 is characterized by various adverse consequences and complications, the prevention of which affects the outcome of the disease. Aim of the study was to investigate the thrombohemorrhagic events of COVID-19 infection. Material and methods. This study involved 403 patients with novel coronavirus infection; the patients were divided into 2 groups: 75 with COVID-19 complications and 328 patients without complications. Metabolic disorders, features of lung damage, comorbidity, signs of inflammation and coagulation, treatment outcomes, peculiarities of thrombotic events and hemorrhages development were studied. Results and its discussion. Thrombohemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 occurred mostly in patients with angina pectoris, coronary artery sclerosis and chronic heart failure of functional class II–III, as well as decompensated diabetes mellitus and obesity. These coronavirus infection effects are often accompanied by an increase in content of inflammatory markers such as CRP and ferritin, as well as of hypercoagulability (D-dimers). Conclusions. Manifestations of inflammatory coagulopathy in patients infected by COVID-19 increases risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications.

Features of gender, age, social factors and polymorbidity in patients, undergone COVID-19

Aim of the study was to identify the features of susceptibility to a new coronavirus infection СOVID-19 depending on gender, age, social factors and polymorbidity. Material and methods. An analysis of the structural features of gender, age, and social factors in 620 patients who underwent examination and treatment at the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine clinic (Novosibirsk) was carried out. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group (group 2, age 56.4 ± 0.7 years) included 272 patients who underwent a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, confirmed by a positive PCR test or antibody testing, a comparison group (group 1, age 60.7 ± 0.7 years) – 348 people who did not have COVID-19 and were undergoing examination and treatment for chronic non-communicable diseases. Results. An analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 depending on gender showed that disease was more common, by 22 %, in women than in men. Patients who had COVID-19 were statistically significantly more likely (30%) to be in the second adult age period than those in the comparison group. When studying the social features of patients who underwent COVID-19, it was found that employees and employees of the administrative and managerial apparatus were significantly more likely to suffer from this infectious disease. An analysis of the structure of polymorbid pathology revealed that patients with COVID-19 had a significantly higher value of transsystemic polymorbidity.

Questionnaire survey on “The impact of the new coronavirus infection on hearing-impaired children attending hearing special-needs schools and special-needs classes”

Questionnaire survey on “The impact of the new coronavirus infection on hearing-impaired children attending hearing special-needs schools and special-needs classes”

Discovery of the potent covalent inhibitor with an acrylate warhead for SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease

COVID-19 has caused severe consequences in terms of public health and economy worldwide since its outbreak in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro), crucial for the viral replications, is an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. In this study, several kinds of Michael acceptor warheads were utilized to hunt for potent covalent inhibitors against 3CLpro. Meanwhile, novel 3CLpro inhibitors with the P3-3,5-dichloro-4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl moiety were designed and synthesized which may form salt bridge with residue Glu166. Among them, two compounds 12b and 12c exhibited high inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Further investigations suggested that 12b with an acrylate warhead displayed potent activity against HCoV-OC43 (EC50 = 97 nM) and SARS-CoV-2 replicon (EC50 = 45 nM) and low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 10 μM) in Huh7 cells. Taken together, this study devised two series of 3CLpro inhibitors and provided the potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitor (12b) which may be used for treating coronavirus infections.

COVID-19 and pregnancy: impact, outcomes, and potential therapy

The impact of the new coronavirus COVID-19 infection on the course of pregnancy, maternal and child health is largely unclear and controversial. The presented literature review analyzes changes in the immune, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems in women in physiological pregnancy. The peculiarities of the course of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus in pregnancy, depending on the virus variant, are presented, the issues of infection pathways into immune and non-immune cells, including placental cells, as well as the issues of transplacental transfer of the virus – the key moment of infection of the embryo or fetus, on which the outcome of pregnancy also largely depends, are considered. Promising approaches to COVID-19 therapy are presented: use of inhibitors of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), furin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, amnion epithelial cells and their exosomes. At the same time, the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia is reviewed. Difficulties and questions regarding the use of the above therapeutic methods in pregnant women are highlighted. Aspects of the use of surfactant preparations in newborns at risk of new coronavirus infection are considered.

Vaccination Status, Vaccine Awareness and Attitudes, and Infection Control Behaviors of Japanese College Students: A Comparison of 2021 and 2023.

Background: Now that the spread of COVID-19 has been controlled, it is important to investigate changes in young people's perceptions of the vaccine and their behavior toward infection. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to investigate the association between Omicron strain vaccination rates among college students, their perceptions of the vaccine, and past adverse reactions to the vaccine; (2) to compare 2021 (when COVID-19 was spreading) and 2023 (when COVID-19 was strained) to identify changes in attitudes toward vaccination and motivations for vaccination and changes in infection prevention behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted via e-mail from 5 January to 30 January 2023. All students at Hiroshima University were sent an e-mail, which provided them access to the survey form and requested their cooperation. The questionnaire consisted of 33 items related to attributes, vaccination status, adverse reactions after vaccination, motivation for vaccination, perception of the vaccine, presence of coronavirus infection, sequelae, and infection prevention measures. Results: A total of 1083 students responded to the survey. Over 50% of the students were vaccinated with the Omicron booster. Regarding trust in vaccines, the majority of both male and female respondents said they had some trust in vaccines, although this was less than that observed in the 2021 survey. As for infection control measures, only 2% of males and 0.3% of females answered that they did not take any infection control measures. The most common response was "wear a mask", as in the 2021 survey, with 476 men (96.6%) and 575 women (99.5%). Conclusions: The survey showed a high Omicron-responsive vaccination rate of more than 50%. In addition, more than 99% of the students were found to be taking measures to prevent infection, such as wearing masks.

Assessment of Troponin Levels as a Biomarker of Myocardial Injury in Patients with Fatal Covid-19 for the Period 2020 to 2022: A Literature Review

Background: COVID-19 initially described at the end of 2019. COVID-19 is caused by an uncommon ‎coronavirus infection. Since then, it has been spreading rapidly and has caused a global pandemic, infecting more than 29 million people and causing more than ‎‎900,000 deaths as of September 15, 2020. In most cases this disease mainly affects the respiratory ‎system and can cause a syndrome called acute respiratory distress, leading to acute ‎respiratory failure. However, COVID-19 causes other systemic ‎indications, such as myocardial injury, coagulopathy, and cytokine storm. Myocardial injury patients were determined by elevated troponin levels by large number of COVID-19 patients, ranging from ''7.2% to 36%''. COVID-19 patients may experience myocardial injury due to other complications such as ‎arrhythmias, heart failure, or even sudden cardiac arrest, as well, COVID-19 is a complex disease that can cause severe respiratory ‎failure. Understanding these complications is crucial for ‎managing the disease ‎and developing effective treatment. Aim: This review research aims to assess the roles of troponin in COVID-19 patients at a higher risk of ‎myocardial injury, as well as shed light on the most significant research articles conducted in this ‎field of regard area between 2020 and 2022. Methods and Materials: This review outlined the latest scientific research for the period from 2020 to ‎‎2022 ‎associated with the involvement of cardiac injury in the population of COVID-19 ‎‎patients by focusing on the use of troponin levels as a vital ‎indication. Additionally, it is starting from ‎encountered patients with COVID-19, as well as it‎‏ is ‏‎related to the increased risk of ‎death data and it had a crucial role in the identification of COVID-19 with a high risk of hypoxia in the blood. At that point, it was going through the evidence regarding COVID-19 and ‎cardiovascular biomarkers, such as troponin articles recognized using the electronic ‎search, as performed via PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar Database through a ‎comprehensive search conducted by combining key terms for instance; “biomarkers”, ’’myocarditis”, “COVID-19”, “troponin”. English-language articles were screened for ‎relevance and a full review of publications for the important studies was conducted, ‎including additional publications identified from individual article ‎reference lists. Conclusion: Cardiac troponin (cTn) is the most reliable test for detecting heart disease, particularly myocardial injury. Elevated levels of troponin (both cTnI and cTnT) are a critical risk factor for severe myocardial injury and hospitalizations, especially for COVID-19 patients who face a higher risk of adverse events. Therefore, measuring cTn levels is critical to monitor the progression of heart disease and effectively manage patients'