Coronavirus Era Research Articles

Occupational safety and health of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, the missing part of quality care: a qualitative study

ObjectiveThis study explored the consequences of COVID-19 on the occupational safety and health of nurses.DesignQualitative conventional content analysis.Participants14 nurses selected by purposeful sampling method.SettingFive educational and non-educational hospitals in the...

NEOLOGISMS OF THE ERA OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC: LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECT

In the last century scientists have noted unprecedented growth of neologisms. The cause of neological boom in 2020 was precisely due to spreading coronavirus pandemic, which left a mark in many languages around the world.
 Language, in turn, is the reflection of all relevant phenomena and events in society. This article is devoted to the study of
 neologisms that arose during the coronavirus pandemic and are considered in the linguocultural aspect. We analyze
 words appearing in the Russian language that reflect the mentality of the creatoras well as being the result of the influence
 of other cultures on their emergence.The article is based on the materials of investigations of lexical units which reflect
 a new reality and are widely used in mass media, have already recorded in the National Corpus of Russian Language and in the dictionary of the Russian language of the coronavirus era. The analyses showed that the neologisms of the
 pandemic era deserve the attention not only because of their formal-semantic features, but also are one of the manifestations of elements of the culture of different peoples and perception of the surrounding reality by speakers of the language.

Asian entrepreneurship in the coronavirus era

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a deleterious impact on the world economy. Studies have documented the disproportional impact of the pandemic on minorities, immigrants, and business owners in the USA. In this study, we use Current Population Survey monthly data spanning from January 2014 through December 2021 to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected Asian entrepreneurship. We show that the pandemic disproportionally hurt Asian entrepreneurship, particularly among immigrants, up until the end of 2020. A detailed analysis of Asian business dynamics reveals a substantial increase in self-employment exits during the first year of the pandemic. We fail to find convincing evidence of differential industry/job-type concentration, individual preferences, majority-minority disparities, narrower clientele, or differential access to government support as primary drivers for such patterns. Instead, we find suggestive evidence of discrimination playing a non-negligible role that subsided in 2021, coinciding with the rollout of vaccines.

Types of Сovid-Protologisms Formed in the Language Content of Kazakhstanis During the Pandemic

Recently, the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic swept the globe. As a result, the epidemiological situation and restrictive measures in the country brought significant changes to the public life of the whole world including Kazakhstan – changes that even affected the language. Indeed, COVID-19 was an impetus to the formation of new names through the internal resources of the Kazakh language, the productivity of some word-building tools, and the rapid flow of language processes. In fact, the crisis brought on by the pandemic has replenished the vocabulary of all languages of the world with new terms. Although it has, of course, increased medical and ІТ terms, it has also expanded the range of both aggressive vocabulary, jargon and slang words. Furthermore, the stock of lexemes of phobias and agonies has increased. The vocabulary of fear would not be given much importance. Now in world linguistics, the vocabulary of phobias began to form. Along with the newer pandemic vocabulary, foreign words began to enter the lexicon of Kazakhstanis through the Russian language. The article analyzes protologisms that have appeared in the Kazakh language or have updated their meaning regarding the coronavirus pandemic. The study aims to systematize the covid-protologisms of the "coronavirus era" of 2020-2022 spread in the language of the media and through language content on social networks. At this point, the concept of protologism is defined. Additionally, covid-lexemes are organized according to word-forming methods, into semantic, term, and thematic groups, and are distinguished into types.

English-language borrowings of the coronavirus era and their functioning in German online publications

In post-crisis conditions, it becomes possible to assess the impact that the coronavirus pandemic has had on the vocabulary of the German language. A large number of English-language borrowings have penetrated into the German language, arousing the interest of linguists in the question of the influence of a new layer of vocabulary on the recipient language and becoming the subject of study by Russian and foreign linguists. For example, on the basis of research on neologisms of the Covid era, dictionaries and reference books of the vocabulary of the coronavirus era are being produced in various languages, including German. The subject of this study is English-language borrowings dedicated to Covid-19 in modern German online media (magazines, newspapers), and the aim is to identify the impact of the pandemic on enriching the vocabulary of the German language with English-language borrowings. Actual works (not older than five years) of Russian and foreign scientists in the fields of lexicology, lexicography, onomastics, and sociolinguistics became the methodological basis of the study. The analysis of the impact of the coronavirus on the process of assimilation of English-language borrowings in German is carried out on the basis of online media texts for the period February 2020 – October 2021, which makes the study innovative and reflects the trends of modern linguistic science. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the coronavirus pandemic had an impact on the German language; in most cases, the recipient language began to actively combine English-language components of words with native German words, thereby forming new hybrid lexical formations. The further perspective of the research lies in the field of comparing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the lexical composition of the German and Russian languages and determining the role of English-language borrowings in the vocabulary of both German and Russian languages.

Iran’s Legislative Policy in dealing with Fraud During COVID-19 Pandemic

The fear of the coronavirus has led to various types of scams related to the virus on the internet and in people’s homes, including in Iran. Scams include fraud through corona vaccine cards, fake coronavirus tests, counterfeit drugs, phishing fraud, and sites selling masks at exorbitant prices. Criminals have also been visiting homes for corona testing or disinfection, and using the pretext of livelihood loans or pre-sale advertisements of tourist tours with corona vaccine injections. As the COVID-19 virus spreads, Iran’s legislative policy has been to punish criminals to maintain the psychological safety of society. However, implementing legal principles in emergencies like this can be challenging, especially when ensuring the right to health and compliance with the basic human rights of criminals or their rehabilitation is necessary. Therefore, criminal policymakers should identify technological punishments and penal policies that are suitable for emergencies. They should create suitable grounds for achieving the goals of criminal justice in these circumstances. This article uses the descriptive-analytical method to explain Iran’s legal criminal policy towards criminals in the coronavirus era. It examines the principles of human rights and criminal principles that lead to appropriate legislative policies in upcoming events like COVID-19. The paper concludes that Iran’s legislative policy in emergencies like Corona is severe punishment of criminals to maintain the psychological safety of society. However, it also seeks to rehabilitate the criminals.

Неологизмы периода пандемии коронавируса: лексема «корона» как продуктивный элемент коронеологизмов

The aim of the research is to identify the family of words with the top name корона/корон- (corona/coron-). The paper analyses 738 out of 3500 words (21%) presented in the ‘Dictionary of the Russian Language of the Coronavirus Era’ containing this root morpheme. The scientific novelty of the research lies in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the thematic groups and the ways of word building of coroneologisms with the noun корона/корон-. As a result, the coroneologisms have been subdivided into 22 groups (illness and health, statistics data, environment, time period, location, economics and financial operations, the sphere of cultural life, social activity, ways of exercising power, new types of crime, legal regulation, communities, transport, militaristic activity, disasters, academic activity, linguistic phenomena, fashion, public mood, derogatory names for categories of people, positive names for categories of people, slang words). Based on the way of derivation, coroneologisms have been divided into 5 groups (words representing the adhesion of two content words; words with the lexeme корона shortened to the form корон- and a full stem of the second word connected by a service morpheme -o-; blends with a truncated second lexeme; blends with the overlapping of several letters; suffix derivatives). The research identified borrowed words, a wordplay form of derivation and the expressive-evaluative colouring of contaminants; metaphorical and allusive images, as well as the images of natural phenomena that contain coroneologisms.

Project SOLVE: Randomized, School-Based Trial of a Single-Session Digital Problem-Solving Intervention for Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms During the Coronavirus Era

Project SOLVE: Randomized, School-Based Trial of a Single-Session Digital Problem-Solving Intervention for Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms During the Coronavirus Era

Drivers of railway container transports between China and Finland

On the China–Europe route, the sea used to dominate entirely continental transports, but in the last decade the railways started to gain some ground. However, it took number of years that railway volumes grew as significant, and finally coronavirus era (2020–2021) promoted much higher usage. This was the case not only on the main route Poland–China, but also on the more northern and lower-volume routes, such as Finland–China. This research uses regression analysis of the latter route to reveal factors that have an effect on rail container volumes. It is shown that Baltic Dry Index (BDI) and coronavirus related variables have influenced most container volumes on the Finland–China route. Oil price development has also played some sort of role. Interestingly, sea port handling of Finland does not play any significance in the model, nor does foreign trade between countries. Findings could be explained with the low starting ground of service, and dominance of sea transportation.

Research on the Service Quality Index and Alternatives Evaluation and Ranking for Online Yue Kiln Celadon Art Education in Post COVID-19 Era

Online education has been still a common way for teaching and learning in the post epidemic era. However, the related research on service quality for the online Yue kiln celadon art education industry is still a vital research gap during this period. Thus, a hybrid method of FANP and GRA is proposed in this study to analyse and evaluate the key factors for providing and maintaining high service quality of online Yue kiln celadon art education industry in the post coronavirus era. In this research, whether in the model of FANP and GRA, factors such as safety mechanism of transaction and education, personnel quality, and the ability of customer need handling are essential conditions for providing excellent service quality in the post-COVID-19 era. The main contribution of this study is to propose an integrated method of FANP and GRA to calculate and rank potential solutions of online Yue kiln celadon art education service quality in the post-COVID-19 era under fuzzy environment and discrete conditions. Finally, the research findings of this study have a guiding role, thereby becoming a guide for the industries related to online Yue kiln celadon art education to maintain good service quality in similar scenarios in the future.

The relationship between the level of expected volatility and multipliers in the US stock market

The subject of the research of this article is to identify the relationship between financial multipliers and the expected volatility (implied volatility) of shares of companies in the software sector of the United States. The purpose of the work is to investigate and characterize the effects of expected volatility on the undervaluation or overvaluation of company shares. The object of this study are 38 largest companies in the software sector with a capitalization of more than $ 5 billion. Special attention is paid to the nonparametric Tail model, which allows us to identify and confirm the existence of a relationship between the level of expected volatility and the logarithm of the growth rate of the financial multiplier. The very novelty of the proposed article lies, firstly, in the fact that the analysis was carried out in the coronavirus era, which is timely and interesting, since the Covid-19 pandemic had a serious impact not only on the lives and health of citizens, but also on financial markets. Secondly, interest in this topic cannot weaken due to the constant development and modification of financial markets, which forces investors to develop new and new approaches to evaluating companies for profit. Identifying undervalued companies in the financial market is one of the key goals of analysts and investors, since timely finding companies whose fair value is currently undervalued can bring significantly more income than investing in companies whose stock value is fairly valued. The results achieved within the framework of the conducted research are of practical significance, since they allow us to rank the identified companies with the same level of undervaluation by the value of expected volatility and, thereby, choose the most attractive for investments.

Psoriasis patient preferences for the use of biologics during the coronavirus era.

Understanding patient preferences concerning the use of biologics for psoriasis treatment can support proper treatment selection to satisfy their needs. In Japan, limited studies have reported psoriasis patients' preferences for the use of biologics, and many of those focused on the improvement of skin symptoms. The present study was conducted as a web-based questionnaire survey using the discrete choice experiment approach to investigate the preferences of psoriasis patients for the use of biologics, as well as to describe social and clinical factors that influence these preferences. The following attributes were selected for the discrete choice experiment: efficacy at 1year, risk of serious infections requiring hospitalization, incidence of injection site reactions, administration route and visits, co-payment, indications, and efficacy on skin symptoms and other manifestations (the last two have not been evaluated in previous studies). Data were collected from October 4 to October 8, 2021. An analysis of data from 357 psoriasis patients indicated that the most preferred attributes for biologics selection were administration route and visits, followed by the risk of serious infections requiring hospitalization. Some differences were observed among specific subgroups. This study demonstrated that patients with psoriasis prefer biologics with a less frequent administration route and visit schedule and a lower risk of serious infections requiring hospitalization, which contrasts with the results obtained in previous studies where the highest importance was placed on drug effectiveness. These results may reflect the personal and social impact of the coronavirus disease outbreak at the time of the survey. The results of this study might help physicians properly select biologics that satisfy psoriasis patients' needs, leading to better treatment adherence.

Making and Validating of a Scale for Measuring Students' Self- Directed Skills in E-learning Courses at the Corona Virus Era

This study aimed for making and validating of a scale to measure students' self- directed skills in E-learning courses during Corona virus. The research methodology was survey and cross-correlation research. The statistical population of the study consisted of students of the country's universities in the academic year of 2020-21. A random convenience sampling method was chosen for this study. The sample size was determined to be 620 people according to the Krejci-Morgan model (α=0.05). A researcher-made self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the tool was calculated by using the opinion of expert professors, and the reliability of the instrument was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95. The results of exploratory factor analysis, using the main elements factorization method and considering the factor load more than 0.40, showed that three factors of spontaneity, recognition of learning needs, and responsibility in learning can be extracted and explain 55.285% of the total variance. In general, the factors of the self-administrated questionnaire measure the independent and separate dimensions of the Self-directed learning scale to a large extent, and it is a valid and appropriate tool.

ICT tools in Designing Preschool Educational Activities on Historical Events

Digital technology is advancing at a rapid pace today. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the forced transition to e-learning promoted non-traditional work practices and time-sensitive tools. In Greek universities, like in most parts of the world, the lockdown changed curricula and lecturers responded by modi-fying course designs. Different academic disciplines and specific topics began to be delivered in different ways using the non-traditional teaching approaches of microlearning. In this study, conducted during the 2021 spring semester, we re-viewed the digital material that undergraduate students studying to become teach-ers had prepared as part of their ICT course. One hundred seventy students com-pleted their teaching internship reports with the help of digital infrastructure and ICT tools. The students were asked to deliver a preschool lesson addressing the historically significant topic of the Greek Revolution of 1821. Participants used 90 different ICT tools, lying in 5 categories: web search engines, social media, game-based learning platforms, collaboration platforms and task-specific tools. These ICT tools had different functionality, as some helped to create digital ma-terial, some helped to edit it, while others served to transmit it through online communication channels. Digital material and ICT tools can enhance and support educational experiences by providing various pathways to overcome the possible disruptions caused by the Coronavirus Era.

Semantic dominants of 2020 neologisms as a means of coding reality in the Russian language

The relevance of the research is explained by the insufficient studying of the phenomenon of repeating semes in neologisms of a certain time period in the aspect of the interpretative function of language. The purpose of the study is to analyze the semes in the semantic structure of the neologisms of the coronavirus era and to characterize the part of linguistic worldview in the crisis period. The research material included occasional words recorded in Russian media and thematically connected with one theme - the 2020 pandemic. The source of the research is “The Dictionary of Russian Language of Coronavirus Epoch.” The research was conducted within the framework of sociolinguistics with the method of componential analysis of semantics, word-building and context analyzes. In the process of the research, the thematic subgroups were identified; in each subgroup, the occasional nominations were revealed; the means of evaluation were determined (some productive bases - for compounds; word-building formants - for affixal derivatives), and a general interpretive seme was determined (based on the contextual meaning). Finally, the total number of the words connected with a semantic dominant was determined. These data are presented in the summary table which demonstrates the percentage of representation, and hence the degree of significance of each dominant in the process of language coding of reality. As a result of the study, the semantic dominants uniting the occasional words of different authors and demonstrating the typical assessments of COVID-19 are revealed; the degree of frequency of semantic dominants is determined. The novelty of the research is explained by the specifics of the conducted semantic analysis: for the first time, common semes reflecting the peculiarities of the emotional and mental state of the society are revealed on a significant homogeneous array of word-building derivatives.

COVID-19, Who Could Expect This! (On the “Dictionary of the Russian Language in the Coronavirus Era”)

COVID-19, Who Could Expect This! (On the “Dictionary of the Russian Language in the Coronavirus Era”)

Management of Lines during Pandemics: Using Queuing Theory

Abstract: In order to reduce the transmission of the viral disease in the coronavirus era, sustained social isolation measures have been required. To enforce social distance protocols, healthcare facilities are limiting the size of their working team and conducting their organisations on a shift-based schedule. The potential for creating waiting lines at service delivery sites is built into social distance protocol. Many countries' healthcare facilities are already overrun with patients seeking treatment for mild to serious illnesses on a regular basis. The already strained health systems are now under additional strain due to COVID-19. Despite an increase in visits, precautions for social distance must be taken. It is abbreviated to provide quick service, which is essential for patients visiting hospitals for treatment. Delivery, a vital requirement for patients visiting hospitals for medical care, is sped up. In most healthcare facilities, particularly in Ghana, waiting lines have become a typical occurrence and a barrier to providing healthcare. In addition to forfeiting financial gains, delays and subpar medical care may result in fatalities. In order to minimise the effects of COVID-19 and simultaneously cover capacity to fulfil the increased demands for health care delivery, units are tasked with managing staff schedules effectively. Therefore, making an effort to cut down on the amount of time needed to wait for medical attention is essential. Using query theory, we analyse the queue condition at a case Outpatient Department (OPD) in this work and provide suggestions for queue management. The research was carried out on May 2020. We also provide a method for calculating the ideal number of service windows needed to cut down on patient wait times. Additionally, a numerical analysis using pertinent equations from queuing theory is provided for the case department's queuing condition.

Complex Words of the Coronavirus Era in Russian and Chinese: Word-formation Aspect

The object of the study is the changes occurring in the vocabulary of the Russian and Chinese languages in the era of coronavirus, and the subject is complex words describing new realities during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID–19, and the mechanisms of their creation. The material for the analysis was scientific sources in Russian and Chinese, from which 48 complex words formed in various ways were selected by the method of target sampling. Among them are 34 Russian words formed by addition, as well as addition or fusion in combination with suffixation; 14 Chinese lexemes formed by methods of addition, definition using suffixation and control. The purpose of the work is to determine the regularities of the formation of complex words of the type under study in two typologically different languages and to identify their similarities and differences. Special attention is paid to the comparison of word-formation mechanisms and the description of their similarities and differences in the two languages. In the work, along with general scientific methods of observation, analysis and synthesis, the following research methods were used: descriptive method, lexico-grammatical commentary, method of component analysis and comparative analysis. The results of the study show that due to the pragmatic needs for the designation of new phenomena, objects, actions, feelings, etc. A number of words have appeared in Russian and Chinese, which is currently defined as "coronalexica". The main conclusions of the study are the revealed phonetic, morphological and syntactic differences in the mechanisms of formation of complex words in two languages. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a comparative analysis of the vocabulary of the coronavirus era in the word-formation aspect is carried out on the material of the Russian and Chinese languages, while the interpretations of new words are given.

Abbreviated Chinese Words of Coronavirus Era with a Structural-Semantic Component ‘in a Cloud Format’

The article is devoted to the description of the analysis of compound words results built according to the model “云xx”. The material was the vocabulary that appeared or became widely used since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the study of word-formation and semantic patterns of the emergence of new words in modern Chinese, built according to the model “云xx”. The need to study the mechanism of the emergence of such words in order to determine their linguistic status and establish the specifics of their functioning in speech determines the relevance of this study. 15 abbreviated words built according to the “云xx” model were analyzed, naming current events in the life of Chinese society in the era of coronavirus. It was found that the morpheme 云 ‘in a cloud format’ is an affix that has regular reproducibility and forms a productive construction “云xx”, which creates a word-building mechanism for generating a whole group of new compound abbreviated words. It has been proved that this word-formation model has a high productivity, which makes it possible to regularly produce words expressing new concepts and phenomena associated with the development of network technologies.

First Morpheme in Compound Words in Modern Chinese (Words from Coronavirus Era)

The article is devoted to the study of the principles of the formation of abbreviated words and the establishment of semantic and syntactic relationships between their constituent parts using the example of new abbreviated words that appeared with the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. The words recorded in the Chinese language in 2020—2021 are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the principle of selecting the first morpheme, in which the first morphemes of the original significant segments are preserved to form an abbreviated form. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing number of new abbreviated words, the complexity of their word-formation structures and the importance of their adequate understanding by both native Chinese speakers and foreign students. 12 compound abbreviated words (4 single-level and 8 multi-level) were analyzed, naming current phenomena in the life of Chinese society in the era of coronavirus. Five types of semanticsyntactic connections have been established: attributive connection, copulative connection, verbal-object connection, resultative connection and subject-predicative connection. It is concluded that among the principles on the basis of which complex abbreviated words are formed in modern Chinese, such as equivalence, distinctiveness, familiarity, etc., the principle of selecting the first morpheme plays an important role.