Coronavirus (CoV) Disease 2019 Research Articles

Licorice plant extract: Does it hold a promise for coronavirus disease-2019

<br>Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as illness caused by a novel CoV first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan, China. Data provided by the World Health Organization Health Emergency Dashboard (September 16, 2020) reports 29,444,198 confirmed cases worldwide since the beginning of the epidemic of which 931,321 cases have been fatal. No drugs or biologics have proven to be 100% effective for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 so far. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is one of the major compounds isolated from the roots of licorice. Many studies have confirmed the antiviral activity of GL. GL is an effective antiviral compound against hepatitis C virus, HIV, CVB3, DHV, EV71, CVA16, HSV, and H5N1 by weakening virus activity, such as inhibiting virus gene expression and replication, reducing adhesion force and stress, and reducing HMGB1 binding to DNA. The primary areas of concern are the regulation of dosage, hypokalemia, toxicity, drug interactions, routes of administration, and blood pressure management. Does licorice needs more studies on COVID-19 patients to demonstrate its merit and does licorice have some promise as an adjuvant if not cure for COVID-19 pandemic.<br>

Novel coronavirus disease 2019: Pandemic 2020

<br>Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel CoV first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan, China. No drugs or biologics have been proven to be effective for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 so far. It is believed that cytokine storms were responsible for many of the deaths during the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed a disproportionate number of young adults. In this case, a healthy immune system may have been a liability rather than an asset. A cytokine storm is an overreaction of the body's immune system. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes, which are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storm. The present COVID-19 pandemic has long-standing implication in the society more so for the economically backward as this may create nutritional deprivation leading to subsequently poor immune system. There is also a need to build our body capabilities to resist the infections with greater focus on nutritional and lifestyle medicine.<br>

A review of novel coronavirus infection (Coronavirus Disease-19)

Coronavirus (CoV) disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2. The disease started in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread globally, resulting in a pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Muscle pain, sputum production, and sore throat are less common symptoms. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to pneumonia and multiorgan failure. The deaths per number of diagnosed cases is estimated at between 1% and 5%, but varies by age and other health conditions. The infection is spread from one person to others via respiratory droplets, often produced during coughing and sneezing. It takes 2–14 days to develop symptoms from the day of exposure. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from a nasopharyngeal swab or oropharyngeal swab is the standard method of diagnosis. The infection can also be diagnosed from a combination of symptoms, risk factors, and a chest computed tomography scan showing features of pneumonia. Measures recommended to prevent the disease include frequent hand washing, maintaining distance from other people, and not touching one's face. The use of masks is recommended for those who are suspected to have the virus and to their caregivers, but not the general public. As of now, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19; management involves treatment of symptoms, supportive care, and experimental measures. The World Health Organization declared the 2019–2020 CoV outbreak a pandemic and a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

Ethical review of patient safety and public health in EU clinical trials legislation: impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The study considers the ethical review of the European Union (EU) clinical trials (CTs) legislation, namely the Clinical Trials Regulation (CTR) (EU) 2014/536, the Directive 2001/20/EC and the “Guidance on the management of clinical trials during the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic” (GMCT) (version 3) issued on 28 April 2020 by the European authorities in the field. Background: The Directive 2001/20/EC focuses the legal provisions for the conduct of CTs by acknowledging the screening role of the Ethics Committees (ECs) and of the national competent authorities (NCA) in the Member States (MS) to protect the CT subject and the personal data. Content: The present article displays the ethical requirements for conducting, monitoring and reporting of the CTs by raising awareness on the: (i) new conceptual framework of the “clinical trial”, “low-intervention clinical trial”, “non-interventional study” and “ethics committee”; (ii) ethical considerations addressed in Part I and Part II of the assessment report; (iii) evaluation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the current regulatory framework. Conclusions: The CTR stimulates the EU clinical research and enables an independent control with regard to the respect of the interests of the CT subject.

A Review of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention

There is a new world health crisis threatening the public with spread of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) . Since December 2019, when Covid-19 emerged in Hunan seafood market at Wuhan, South China and rapidly spread throughout the world, the virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). We here summarize the current clinical characteristics data to guide potential COVID-19 about Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention of COVID-19. In this review, we extracted data from various Research Report, WHO guidelines and other articles. It is important to caution the readers that new data updating nearly every hour regarding clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes COVID-19. Throughout the world the disease has caused varying degrees of illness. Patient shows various symptoms usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The disease is being cured through general treatment, symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs, oxygen therapy and by the immune system. It is necessary to identify the potential cases as soon as possible and isolate the suspected people from the confirmed cases of COVID-19, to prevent the potential transmission of infection to other patients and health care staff. Keywords: Coronavirus disease-2019, COVID-19, respiratory syndrome, symptoms, SARAS, treatment