Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Research Articles

Saliva as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus)

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging illness that has rapidly spread across the globe. First identified in late December 2019, this new strain had not previously been detected in humans. The novel coronavirus isolated by researchers was subsequently named the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). COVID-19 can be diagnosed through various methods, with RT-PCR being the gold standard for these tests. The most common sampling techniques involve swabs from the nose, throat, or mouth. Saliva, a critical biological fluid containing several diagnostic biomarkers, plays an important role in detecting SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Its use offers numerous benefits and helps researchers better distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Numerical Treatment for the Distributed Order Fractional Optimal Control Coronavirus (2019-nCov) Mathematical Model

In this paper, we presented the distributed order fractional optimal control of the Coronavirus (2019-nCov) mathematical model. The distributed order fractional operator is defined in the Caputo sense. Control variables are considered to reduce the transmission of infection to healthy people. The discretization of the composite Simpson's rule and Grünwald-Letnikov nonstandard finite difference method is constructed to solve the obtained optimality system numerically. The stability analysis of the proposed method is studied. Numerical examples and comparative studies for testing the applicability of the utilized method and to show the simplicity of this approximation approach are presented. Moreover, by using the proposed method we can conclude that the model given in this paper describes well the confirmed real data given in Spain and Wuhan.

Application of the Naïve Bayes Classifier Algorithm to Analyze Sentiment for the Covid-19 Vaccine on Twitter in Jakarta

The epidemic of a new disease caused by the coronavirus (2019-nCoV), commonly referred to asCOVID-19, has been declared a global virus epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).President Joko Widodo has officially ratified Presidential Decree No. 99 of 2020 concerning theprovision of vaccines and the implementation of vaccination activities. Twitter is a social mediaplatform that allows users to share information and opinions directly with fellow users. Tweets givencan be in any form, either positively or negatively, so one of the methods used is sentiment analysis.Sentiment analysis helps determine an opinion or comment on an issue, whether the response ispositive or negative. The Naïve Bayes algorithm is used in sentiment analysis because it is suitablefor tweets or text data that is not too long or short text. The initial stage of sentiment analysis is textpre-processing which consists of Cleaning, case folding, tokenizing, and stopword removal. Then thedata is labeled manually. The analysis results are visualized as bar charts, pie charts, and word clouds.Then the word weighting is carried out using the term frequency-inverse document (TF-IDF), andclassification is carried out using the Naïve Bayes classifier. From the test results, the accuracy valueof the confusion matrix is 82% from 2600 tweet data with 80% training data composition and 20%test data.

Determination of objective taste perception among Iranian medical sciences students during COVID‑19 pandemic in Yazd, Eastern Iran: a case-control pilot study

BackgroundTaste disorders in patients suffering from COVID-19 were popular. Some people even after recovery report residual effects of loss of smell and taste. This study aimed to investigate the taste Perception of Iranian Medical Sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe case-control study evaluated 50 Medical Sciences students with a history of COVID-19 infection, as confirmed by the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCOV) CFX96™ Real-Time PCR Detection System. The other participants consisted of 50 volunteer students with COVID-19 negative. The taste perception was measured with 4 different concentrations of the basic tastes. The stimuli were applied to the protruded tongue. Subjects were asked to identify the researcher when they felt the taste. Data are expressed as frequency distribution and analyzed with the Chi-Square test (P < 0.05).ResultsIn this survey, 54% of participants were male and 46% were female, the mean age of participants was 22.96 ± 5 years. The results showed a significant difference in the sweet and bitter taste perception score according to the history of dietary supplement use. The bitter taste perception score declared a considerable difference since COVID-19 infection. There was no significant difference between the taste perception in the two studied groups for all 4 basic tastes according to gender, COVID-19 infection status, history of taste and smell disorders, and the elapsed time since COVID-19 infection.ConclusionOur findings could provide important insights into taste perception. The history of dietary supplementation may influence how sweetness and saltiness are perceived. There was a noticeable difference in bitter taste perception depending on the time that had elapsed since the most recent COVID-19 infection.

Male reproductive health at risk: Examining the impact of coronaviruses on fertility and potential sexual transmission of sars-CoV-2

Since 2002, we have observed three significant crises caused by the coronavirus, which primarily causes lung disease. These crises include diseases like respiratory syndrome with extreme acuteness i.e. SARS-CoV, and Coronavirus respiratory syndrome in the Middle East i.e. MERS*CoV, and the most recent 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). to ascertain whether the pandemic SARS*CoV-2 is spreading quickly, which is thought to have been brought on by COVID-19, is sexually transmitted. The coronavirus 2 that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome enters cells via the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and Angiotensine-Converting-Enzyme-2 as well as Transmembrane-Serine-Protease-2 (TMPRSS2). Clinical research demonstrates that the COVID-19 action of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the high Enzyme-2 which convert angiotensin expression of the male reproductive system make them unsafe for male reproductive health. Even a few samples from male coronavirus patients demonstrate the effects, such as decreased spermatogenesis. Recent findings of SARS-CoV-2 shedding in sperm, sexual transmission, and the security of prolificacy therapies during the epidemic have renewed debate over potential male reproductive system infections, SARS-CoV-2 shedding into sperm, and sexual transmission. Regarding its presence in the testis or the semen, nevertheless, findings are dubious. This review paper was created with the intention of evaluating the research on (i) the impact of already identified coronaviruses detected in humans on male infertility, (ii) factors associated with male infertility, and (iii) The SARS-CoV-2 effect's mechanism.

MiRNAs: Key Molecules in the Immunopathogenesis of Betacoronaviruses

A series of patients hospitalized with acute respiratory disease was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Many patients have had direct or indirect links with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, Wuhan. This is the prologue to the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has affected more than 150 countries and over 250,000 people worldwide, killing thousands of people. The pandemic has once again drawn public attention to the coronaviruses that developed epidemics in China (2002) and Saudi Arabia (2012). Given the structural and phylogenetic similarity of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the results of recent studies have been combined with new findings to complete one of the strangest pneumonia puzzles in the human history. Coronaviruses establish extremely complex interactions with the immune system, especially in order to evade immune responses. Undoubtedly, increasing our knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of diseases caused by these viruses will eventually lead to more effective treatment and diagnosis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the leading immune response regulators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the expression and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses and in many immune disorders from autoimmunity to cancer and allergies. Our understanding of the functions of human and viral miRNAs in the pathogenesis of many viruses has increased in recent years. Accordingly, the present review article aims to review studies evaluating the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of other Betacoronaviruses. The results of these studies, given the similarity of viruses within the family Coronaviridae, could be helpful for future research on SARS-CoV-2.

Impact of COVID-19 on Indian biomedical research: A bibliometric analysis using online data from 2017 to 2022

Objective. The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a notable surge in research productivity across many academic disciplines, except research specifically focused on the virus. A significant increase in published research articles evidences this. In this study, we have analyzed the impact of the pandemic on recent publication trends in India by comparing data from three years before the pandemic with data from three years following the pandemic. Additionally, we have considered various factors that may have influenced this change. Methods. The Scopus database was searched for biomedical publications from January 1st, 2017, to December 31st, 2022, with India's country or territory specified as the limiting factor. The period was then divided into two parts: pre- and post-COVID-19. The pre-COVID-19 period spanned from 2017 to 2019, while the post-COVID-19 period spanned from 2020 to 2022. The publication trends in all subject areas across the periods above (pre- and post-COVID-19) were analyzed using appropriate nonparametric statistical tests and graphics. Results. In the specified period, India produced 231,370 research documents, which exceeded that of Australia (214,750) and France (207,220). However, it was lower than that of the top-performing publishing countries. The United States (148,448), China (71,484), the United Kingdom (42,446), Germany (31,727), Italy (7183), Japan (251,357), and Canada (241,759) also demonstrated notable research output. The discrepancy in research output between the pre-and post-pandemic periods was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001; Wilcoxon rank sum test, Z = 4.107). The publication output from the top institutions was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Z = 8.115). The statistically significant increase persisted in subgroup analysis for public and privately funded medical institutions, including medical colleges (P &lt; 0.01). However, no significant difference in the rise in publication output pre- vs. post-COVID was observed when public institutions, private institutions, and medical colleges were mutually compared (P = 0.434, Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusion. The global pandemic of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) benefitted India's research output of biomedical disciplines. This effect was observed in public and privately funded medical institutions and academic centers. However, when the publication figures from these institutions were compared, no significant difference in the rise due to the 2019-nCoV pandemic was seen.

Natural Therapeutics against the SARS-CoV-2 Viral infection

Coronaviruses are a class of large, enveloped, positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause infections in the respiratory tracts of mammals such as humans, bats, and other animals. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is an agile respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus that was first discovered in Wuhan, China. It has now expanded to 216 nations and killed over 0.5 million people worldwide, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to proclaim it a pandemic. Current review focuses on the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. This strategy will promote and protect the use of medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been shown to prevent viral infection and to alleviate post-COVID complications such as parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lung damage, and mental problems. We investigated mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytochemicals as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating immunological and inflammatory states in this review.

The utilization of remote sensing to monitor the spatio-temporal covid-19 outbreak in Jakarta, Indonesia

The coronavirus cluster was first discovered in a wet market in Wuhan, China on December 31 2019 to be exact. The Covid-19 virus or in medical terms it is called the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) spread so fast that it was recorded in June 2021 the Covid-19 virus has infected 178 million worldwide with 3.9 million confirmed deaths. The Covid-19 virus was detected for the first time entering Indonesia on March 2 2020. Spatiotemporal studies are important to do to provide insight into how a pandemic occurs and develops. This study aims to examine Covid-19 spatio-temporally from 2020-2021, calculate the number of victims and calculate the CFR value of Covid-19 in 2020-2021 in DKI Jakarta. The results of this study indicate that the number of positive victims of the Covid-19 virus has continued to increase from April 2020 to December 2021. Meanwhile, the case fatality rate has continued to decline since the beginning of the pandemic until December 2021.

Clinical observation of Otitis Media Secretory during Covid-19.

This study aims to analyze the onset of otitis media secretory, the peak period of infection with the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the time of transmigration during a pandemic of the Omicron strain. Additionally, the study aims to investigate to study the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the middle ear cavity of patients with otitis media secretory and the survival time through a new method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen in middle ear effusion. Retrospective comparison of the incidence of otitis media secretory during infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus Omicron strain from December 15, 2022, to January 15, 2023, versus the noninfection period from December 15, 2021, to January 15, 2022. We used a questionnaire star application to investigate the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the 40 patients with otitis media secretory who participated in this study were investigated. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) antigen detection kit (colloidal gold method) was used to detect middle ear effusion in patients with otitis media secretory. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 29.0 software. The measurement data are expressed as x ± s , the count data are expressed as the number of cases (%), and the data were compared using the χ 2 test. p < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. During the SARS-CoV-2 virus Omicron strain pandemic, the incidence of otitis media secretory increased by 15% compared with the noninfection period. The peak infection period for the SARS-CoV-2 virus Omicron strain was December 25, 2022, and December 15, 2022, and the peak time of conversion was 7 to 9 days after the infection. Middle ear effusion SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen testing was performed in patients with otitis media secretory after conversion; 5 patients (12%) were positive, and 35 patients (88%) were negative. The disease duration in patients with negative results was more than 3 weeks. Otitis media secretory is one of the most common ear complications after infection with the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the significantly higher incidence is associated with middle ear viral infection. Middle ear effusion SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen test detected the virus, which survived longer in the middle ear effusion than in the nasal cavity. The middle ear effusion test can detect SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen and determine whether the organism contains virus residue.

Risk of Bell's Palsy after COVID-19 vaccination

At the close of 2019, a global health crisis known as COVID-19, or coronavirus (2019-nCoV), broke out. Vaccination is used as a means of prevention. The COVID-19 vaccines may be categorized into four groups: viral vector, entire virus, subunit protein, and nucleic vaccines. Upon evaluating the advantages of vaccinations, it becomes evident that there are adverse side effects that may develop. Bell's palsy is regarded as a significant adverse reaction after immunization. This observational essay aims to consolidate knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the risk of Bell's palsy after COVID-19 vaccination.

Evaluation of the self-management of patients with asthma in the Primary Health Care (PHC) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece: Cost Assessment

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways and is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Worldwide, asthma affects more than 334 million people. The UK has the highest prevalence rates, while in Europe there are 5.4 million people with asthma, affecting one in five households. A quarter of asthma patients have poor symptom control, and in the UK 185 people are admitted to hospital every day due to an asthma exacerbation. Asthma exacerbations result in significant social, psychological and health costs. Best practices in managing asthma patients in primary health care (PHC) are the foundation for strengthening public health. The novel coronavirus pandemic (coronavirus 2019-nCoV) has gained intense attention and vigilance both nationally and globally with a significant burden on the health system as it has significant implications where the provision of behavioral health support to patients is required. Early detection of the disease and the effective support for asthma patients during the Covid-19 pandemic is of utmost importance because asthma is a global Public Health problem, affecting all age groups. Its economic burden is an important measure of its impact on society. Asthma costs increase as disease control declines, and significant cost savings could be achieved through proper management of asthma patients. Study design: The purpose of this study is the Evaluation of the self-management of patients with asthma in the PHC during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece as well as the cost assessment. The participants of the study attended five years ago the "Asthma School" of the health center of Peristeri under the auspices of Hellenic Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention (HCDCP) Ministry of Health, where they were trained in the management of asthma and a cohort follow up study was conducted regarding this, including the last 12 months.

Two different parallel approaches for a hybrid fractional order Coronavirus model

In this paper, two different parallel approaches for a hybrid fractional order Coronavirus (2019-nCov) mathematical model are presented. Both parallel approaches are implemented using Julia high level language. Parallel algorithm implementations are developed for the HPC cluster using Message Passing Interface (MPI) technology and general-purpose computing on GPUs (GPGPU) using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) based on hardware environments. The algorithm implementation are used to solve the real-world problem of the hybrid fractional order Coronavirus (2019-nCov) mathematical model and to study the parallel efficiency. The introduced hybrid fractional order derivative is defined as a linear combination of the integral of Riemann-Liouville and the fractional order Caputo derivative. A parallel algorithm is designed based on the predictor-corrector method with the discretization of the Caputo proportional constant fractional hybrid operator for solving the model problem numerically. Simulation results show that, both the new parallel approaches achieve significant efficiency.

The possibilities of machine learning in determining the variants of the course of viral pneumonia associated with COVID-19 based on computed tomography data

Introduction. In acute COVID-19 respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (2019-nCov), lung damage has a different course, which has not been studied so far. The purpose of the study. To study the variants of the course of COVID-19 viral pneumonia (VP) based on the analysis of the dynamics of lung damage, quantified by computed tomography.Material and methods. Quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) data of the chest of 144 patients with VP was performed using the 3D Slicer software application. Cluster and comparative nonparametric analyses of the severity of lung damage (CT1, CT2, СТЗ, CT4) and the total volume of affected lungs (%) obtained during primary and two repeated CT studies (pCT, 1dCT and 2dCT) in the program "Statistica 12" were carried out.Results. With a stable course, the total volume of the affected lungs is constant, within one degree of severity: CT1 - in 23.6 %, CT2 - in 14.6 %, CT3 - in 5.6 %, CT4 - in 8.3 %. With a progressive course, the volume of lung damage gradually increases from minimum to maximum CT1-CT2-CT3 in 3.5 %, or increases to the maximum level on the second CT, remaining stable on the third study (CT2-CT3-CT3) - in 4.2 %. With a regredient course, the volume of lung damage varies from the maximum at the primary examination (pCT) to the minimum at the third (2dCT): gradually from CT4 through CT3 to CT2 in 4.2 %, or by one degree of severity CT3-CT2-CT2 in 9.7 %, CT3-CT3-CT2 in 9.0 %. With a progressive-regredient course, the volume of lung damage first reaches a maximum on 1dCT, a minimum on 2dCT - CT2-CT3-CT2 - in 17.4 %. An intragroup comparison of three repeated, dependent indicators of the total volume of the affected lungs and an intergroup comparison on pCT, 1dCT and 2dCT showed a dynamic statistically significant difference between them for variants of the course of VP (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions. Cluster analysis of the total volume of affected lungs on a series of three CT studies in dynamics allowed us to identify 5 variants of the course of COVID-19 - stable - light, stable-severe, progressive, regredient, progressive-regredient.

Clinical presentation of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma during the 2019-nCoV epidemic of Omicron variants: a single-center retrospective study

Objective: To investigate the clinical presentation pattern of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) during the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic over the past three years, and its relationship with 2019-nCoV infections of Omicron variants in Guangdong province. Methods: Ecological study.Patients who were newly diagnosed with acute PACG from February 2020 to January 2023 at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University were included in the study, and their basic information was collected. Patients were divided into the 2020 group (diagnosed between February 1st, 2020 and January 31st 2021), the 2021 group (diagnosed between February 1st, 2021 and January 31st 2022), and the 2022 group (diagnosed between February 1st, 2022 and January 31st 2023). The clinical presentation pattern of newly diagnosed acute PACG was observed and compared between groups. The daily number of newly diagnosed 2019-nCoV infections in Guangdong province was obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The correlation between the daily number of newly diagnosed acute PACG and that of newly diagnosed 2019-nCoV infections during the epidemic period of Omicron variants between December 2022 and January 2023 was assessed. Results: The study included 1 048 patients with newly diagnosed acute PACG, with 235 for the 2020 group, 274 for the 2021 group, and 539 for the 2022 group. Our results showed that the average weekly number of newly diagnosed acute PACG patients in 2022 [8 (5, 11)] was significantly larger than that in 2020 (4.52±1.95, P<0.05) and 2021 (5.27±2.76, P<0.05). The average weekly number increased to 22.11±20.84 between December 2022 and January 2023. The total number of newly diagnosed acute PACG patients during this period was 199, which was 36.9% (199/539) of the total number of the same year and was 6.63 and 6.42 times as many as that in the same period (December and January) of 2020 and 2021. The proportion of patients with bilateral eye involvement during this period in 2022 was significantly higher than that in 2020 and 2021 (P<0.05). Further analysis found that 88.6% (109/123) of cases had a history of 2019-nCoV infection 2 (0, 3) days before the onset of acute PACG symptoms in average. The estimated daily number of acute PACG onset increased rapidly, peaked on December 23th, 2022, and then dropped gradually. This trend was similar to that of the daily number of new 2019-nCoV infections in Guangdong province. Changes of the daily number of new 2019-nCoV infections in Guangdong province had a positive correlation with the estimated daily number of acute PACG onset (r=0.84, P<0.001). Conclusion: A dramatic increase in the clinical presentation of acute PACG was observed at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between December 2022 and January 2023, which was the epidemic period of Omicron variants. There is a correlation between the trend of the estimated daily number of acute PACG onset and that of new 2019-nCoV infections of Omicron variants in Guangdong province, but the exact reason remains to be further studied.

Application of Pure Birth to the Phenomenon of Covid-19 Infected Cases in Indonesia with A Time Interval (0, 24) Hours from June to September 2020

Since the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan City, China, in 2019, many countries in the world have been infected with the virus with very serious cases. This has caused a slump, especially for Indonesia, with a lower-middle-class society of 115 million people or 45% of the total population. The virus's rapid spread through droplets resulted in the Indonesian government implementing a lockdown called Large-scale Social Restrictions within months. This system is an effort to break the chain of virus spread. A pure birth process can be called a stochastic process with a continuous parameter space and a discrete state space. This research will focus on the application of the Pure Birth Process, which is expected to provide scientific studies on Covid-19 in Indonesia, become a new reference for the development of mathematics, and provide information on research results so that they can be used in policymaking to overcome and overcome the spread of Covid-19. 19. At the end of this study, it was known that the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia was very drastic, which had a rate of increase in cases as big as a person/hour or person/day, which is a very significant increase. Based on calculations using Pure Birth, it is hoped that it can be used in policymaking for the government and the community to overcome and overcome the spread of Covid-19.&#x0D;

Comparative Evaluation of RT-PCR Kits Available in Sri Lanka for Diagnosis of COVID-19

Abstract Identification of gene targets by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Although many commercial rRT-PCR kits are currently used in Sri Lanka, analytical performance of these kits have not been investigated adequately. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the analytical performance of rRT-PCR kits used in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna (five kits). Performance of the five rRT-PCR kits selected for this study was compared with the CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel as reference standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Cohen’s κ coefficient of the five different commercial kits were analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 positive (62) and negative (32) respiratory samples collected respectively from symptomatic individuals and asymptomatic healthy individuals were used in this study. Comparison of the cycle threshold (Ct) values of the five commercial kits revealed heterogeneity. Among them, the TaqPathTM kit showed the highest sensitivity (98.4%) and interrater reliability (0.976). The HBRT-COVID-19 kit showed the lowest sensitivity (91.9%), specificity (93.7%) and interrater reliability (0.838). Although the five RT-PCR kits exhibited varying sensitivity, specificity and Ct values, all of them are suitable for the routine diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections as all values were higher than 90%.

COVID-19 Repercussions on Bangladeshi On-Demand-Food Delivery, Restaurant, and Hotel Industry

Objectives: The article's main objective was to explore the impact and consequences of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) on Bangladesh's on-demand-food delivery (ODFD), restaurant and hospitality industry.&#x0D; Methods: To achieve the research objective, qualitative methodology was applied using focus group discussion on the online platform during the movement restriction period. We collected data from four informants, and they were chosen based on their professional relevance with the Food and Hospitality industry. Existing literature is also overviewed.&#x0D; Results: This study found that COVID-19 significantly negatively impacts the industry. The informants provide the miserable scenario of the industry during this pandemic, besides suggesting possible strategies.&#x0D; Contribution: This article discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on the on-demand-food delivery, restaurant and hotel industry in Bangladesh in order to provide a better understanding to government and practitioners of why improving the management of response to infectious disease outbreaks is so critical for a country's economy, its society, and its place in the global community. &#x0D; Keywords: COVID-19, food, hotel, hospitality, online delivery, pandemic, economy, Bangladesh

Epidemiology, Genomic Organization, and Life Cycle of SARS CoV-2

Despite the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, significant progress has been made in pathogen monitoring, identifying sources, fundamental etiology, and clinical therapy. Coronaviruses are a class of large, enveloped, positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause infections in the respiratory tracts of mammals such as humans, bats, and other animals. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is an agile respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus that was first discovered in Wuhan, China. It has now expanded to 216 nations and killed over 0.5 million people worldwide, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to proclaim it a pandemic. Current review focuses on the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as in the management of post-COVID-19 complications.This strategy will promote and protect the use of medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system.Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been shown to prevent viral infection and to alleviate post-COVID complications such as parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lung damage, and mental problems.We investigated mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytochemicals as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating immunological and inflammatory states in this review.

Nurses' Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices Regarding the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment during the Coronavirus Pandemic

Background: Nurses are at high risk of several respiratory hazards comprising respiratory pathogens. So, respiratory protective equipment (RPE) are vital to protect nurses from novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Purpose: The current study aimed to examine the knowledge level, practice and perceptions among nurses in a specialized cancer center using RPE. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The data was collected from 387 nurses working at a specialized cancer center as a convenience sampling technique. Results: An overall number of 387 staff nurses participated in the study. The majority of nurses had moderate knowledge levels, where the mean total score of nurses' knowledge was 12.98, with a range between 4 and 20. Also, the majority of nurses had good perceptions regarding the use of RPE (Total mean= 30.44, SD= 3.62). Regarding practice, most of the nurses wash their hands after contact with the outer surface of the respirator (F= 357, 92.2%). Conclusion: The good nurses' knowledge and perceptions regarding RPE's use were sufficient to provide an adequate practice level. However, implementing the RPE policy in hospitals could be useful to enhance the nurses' and other healthcare workers' knowledge, perceptions and practice regarding RPE. Implications for Nursing: Good practices are a crucial element in respiratory safety and nurses' protection against their place of work respiratory hazards. Keywords: 2019-nCoV, Nurses, Knowledge, Perceptions, Practice, Respiratory protective equipment