Coronal Barrier Research Articles

Penetration of Intracoronal Bleaching Agents Across a Calcium Silicate-Based Coronal Barrier in Pulpless Immature Permanent Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

Tooth bleaching procedures on nonvital teeth have been performed for crown discoloration caused by regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). However, leakage of bleaching agents across the root canal can be detrimental. This study aimed to assess and compare the penetration levels of hydrogen peroxide (HP) from different bleaching agents across calcium silicate-based coronal barriers in immature permanent teeth. Fifty extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): Group I (HH)-35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); Group II (SS)-a mixture of sodium perborate (SP) powder and saline; Group III (SH)-a mixture of SP powder and 30% HP liquid; Group IV (CP)-10% carbamide peroxide gel. The control group (Group V, CC) was treated with distilled water. The bleaching agent was replaced on the 4th day, and penetration analysis was performed on the 7th day using ferro thiocyanate (FTC) method and a UV-spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 480 nm. Compared with the control group, the SH group (SP mixed with HP) showed a significant difference, indicating substantial HP penetration across the root canal space (p value < 0.0001). Intergroup comparisons also revealed a significant difference between the SS and SH groups (p value < 0.0001), suggesting that the SS group had less penetration. Compared with other bleaching agents, SP mixed with saline/water resulted in the lowest HP penetration in the pulp canals of the RET-simulated tooth models. This study is the first to investigate HP penetration from different bleaching agents in teeth that have undergone RET, identifying the safest bleaching agent for use in these cases. This study also provides a foundation for further research to develop precise guidelines for nonvital tooth bleaching protocols in RET-treated teeth.

Resistance to fracture of simulated immature teeth treated with intracanal medicaments and calcium silicate-based coronal barrier materials in endodontic regeneration

Resistance to fracture of simulated immature teeth treated with intracanal medicaments and calcium silicate-based coronal barrier materials in endodontic regeneration

Evaluation of peroxide release during nonvital bleaching using three different coronal barriers: An in vitro study.

Peroxide from bleaching agents can cause external cervical resorption. An intracoronal barrier is used to prevent leakage of bleaching agents into the periradicular space. This study aims to determine and compare the amount of peroxide released, during non vital bleaching at the end of 1st and 3rd day using Glass ionomer cement (GIC), Mineral Trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA) and Biodentine as intracoronal barriers. Forty-five single-rooted teeth were selected for the study and root canal therapy was performed. Three millimeters of the coronal gutta-percha were removed and according to the coronal barrier placed, samples were divided into Group A: GIC, Group B: ProRoot MTA, and Group C: Biodentine. Nonvital bleaching was done using sodium perborate and 30% H2O2. Peroxide released at the end of the 1st and 3rd day was analyzed using potassium iodide and ultraviolet spectrophotometer. This was done using the Wilcoxon matched pair test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. No significant difference in intergroup comparison at the end of 1st and 3rd day, respectively (P > 0.05), a significant difference was found in the MTA group at follow-up dates (P < 0.05). All the three tested materials (GIC, MTA, and Biodentine) may be preferred as intracoronal barrier for nonvital bleaching.

Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Coronal Tooth Discoloration Induced by Four Endodontic Biomaterials Utilized in Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: An Ex-vivo Study.

This study aims to compare and evaluate the changes in color caused by four different biomaterials utilized as intracanal coronal barriers in the regenerative endodontic procedure at varying intervals of time. A total of 100 extracted mandibular single-rooted premolars were taken. Samples were standardized, and access cavity preparation was done. All the canals were instrumented and irrigated thoroughly. They were divided into five groups: A, B, C, D, and E (n=20), i.e., the control group, gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), white MTA, Biodentine, and calcium hydroxide. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (n=10), where one subgroup was prepared with normal saline and the other was prepared with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Digital photographs were taken at baseline, immediately after the placement of biomaterials, after 72 hours, seven days, and sixmonths, using a DSLR camera. The color evaluation was done using the Adobe Photoshop 2021 software using the CIE L*a*b color system. The data obtained were recorded and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Continuous variables were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and post-hoc analysis. The P-value was set to be significant at <0.05. Statistically significant variation was obtained in all four experimental groups regarding change in color (ΔE) over periods of 72 hours, seven days, and six months. At six months, all the experimental groups presented with a perceptible color variation (ΔE>3.3). The color change was significant after six months in all groups. Biodentine produced the least color alteration, whereas gray MTA produced the highest.

Intracanal medicaments and coronal sealing materials influence on root fracture resistance and coronal discoloration: An in vitro study

Abstract Introduction: Immature teeth are more susceptible to fracture, and intracanal medicaments and coronal filling materials used in regenerative endodontics affect their optic and mechanical properties. This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance and coronal discoloration of simulated immature teeth following the placement of several intracanal medicaments and coronal sealing materials. Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight premolars simulating immature teeth were divided into 11 groups (n = 8 each) according to the type of intracanal medicament (triple antibiotic paste [TAP]; double antibiotic pastes [DAP]; calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]) and used coronal barrier materials (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] and calcium-enriched mixture [CEM]). A bonding agent was applied in half of the samples in the groups where antibiotic pastes were used (n = 8). After incubating for 3 weeks, the sample’s fracture resistance and color change were evaluated. Data analysis was conducted using multivariate and one-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc, and the Kruskal–Wallis tests (α =0.05). Results: The color change after placing the medicaments was comparable among the groups. However, after 3 months, the color change in the TAP-CEM-No-Bonding group was higher than the control, Ca(OH)2-MTA, and DAP-MTA-No-Bonding groups (P &lt; 0.05). The fracture resistance of the TAP-MTA-Bonding, DAP-CEM-Bonding, Ca(OH)2-MTA, and Ca(OH)2-CEM was lower than the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous use of DAP-MTA without a dentin bonding agent led to comparable color change and fracture resistance to the control group.

Use of Endodontic Procedures in Young Permanent Teeth.

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, offering the potential for tissue repair and preservation. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 30 patients aged 8 to 16 years with pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth. The patients underwent REPs, including disinfection, triple antibiotic paste application, and a coronal barrier. Clinical and radiographic data were collected at baseline and follow-up appointments at 6, 12, and 24 months. Radiographs were analyzed for root lengthening, apical closure, and resolution of periapical lesions. The mean increase in root length after 24 months was 3.42 mm (SD ± 1.12 mm), and 90% of cases demonstrated complete apical closure. The overall success rate, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of pathology, was 80. REPs show promising outcomes in young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, promoting root development, and apical closure.

Effects of Intracanal Medicaments and Coronal Barrier Materials Used in Regenerative Endodontics on the Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth

Effects of Intracanal Medicaments and Coronal Barrier Materials Used in Regenerative Endodontics on the Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth

In vitro response of dental pulp stem cells to dural substitute grafts: Analysis of cytocompatibility and bioactivity.

The objective of this study was to assess and compare the cytocompatibility of decellularized porcine small intestine submucosal dural graft from Biodesign (BD) and polyester urethane-based Neuro-Patch (NP) dural substitute with the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and the cyanoacrylate-based Histoacryl surgical adhesive. Furthermore, the study evaluated the inflammatory response and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) when cultured in direct contact with the dural substitutes in comparison with MTA. The viability of hDPSCs in direct contact with the tested materials was investigated in vitro by a CCK-8 assay. Additionally, the effects of dural substitutes and MTA on the expression of the inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 (IL-6) was investigated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whilst effects on the differentiation were evaluated using alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, ELISA and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping. The dural substitutes were cytocompatible and promoted cellular adhesion. The Histoacryl and MTA demonstrated cytotoxicity in fresh preparations but showed a more favourable cellular reaction when set. Investigations of biological activity indicated that dural substitute membranes did not induce an inflammatory response or osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. In contrast, MTA induced the expression of IL-6 and alkaline phosphatase activity contributing to enhanced differentiation and mineralization. The dural substitute membranes showed cytocompatibility, did not provoke an inflammatory response and maintained the stemness of hDPSCs better than MTA. Additionally, the set Histoacryl surgical adhesive demonstrated good biocompatibility. Taken together, these results highlight the potential use of dural substitutes in regenerative endodontic procedures as coronal barriers alternative to MTA to reduce the incidence of intracanal calcifications.

Attitude and practice of regenerative endodontic procedures among endodontists and paediatric dentists: A multinational survey from 13 countries.

Regenerative endodontics (RET) refers to biologically based procedures that aim to restore damaged tooth structures and reinstate the pulp-dentine complex to its normal physiological state. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and practices of endodontists and paediatric dentists regarding RET. A survey was conducted among endodontists and paediatric dentists from 13 countries. A number of factors were evaluated, including frequency of RET application, followed guidelines, disinfection techniques, intracanal medication type, scaffold type, preferred coronal seal material, and follow-up period. Among the 1394 respondents, 853 (61.2%) and 541 (38.8%) were endodontists and paediatric dentists, respectively. Almost half (43%) of participants have not performed RET yet. The American Association of Endodontics guideline (47.3%) was selected as the primary source for the clinical protocol. The most frequently selected irrigant solution was 1.5%-3% NaOCl at the first (26.1%) and second (13.6%) sessions. A blood clot (68.7%) and MTA (61.9%) were the most frequently selected scaffold type and coronal barrier. Most participants preferred a 6-month follow-up period. According to this survey, deviations exist from current RET guidelines regarding all aspects evaluated. Standardizing clinical protocols and adhering to available guidelines would help to ensure more predictable outcomes.

Evaluation of the effect of diode laser activation on push-out bond strength of different intraorifice barriers in endodontically treated teeth. An in-vitro study

Introduction: The placement of intraorifice barriers should facilitate proper adhesion; however, it is still a challenge with existing intraorifice barrier materials. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the push-out bond strength of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC), Tetric-N-Flow, and Biodentine as intraorifice barriers with and without diode laser activation. Materials and Methods: Human-extracted single-rooted 60 mandibular premolars were decoronated to standardize 13 mm root length. Root canal was instrumented with rotary ProTaper universal system till F4 and alternatively irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline, followed by obturation using gutta-percha and AH-plus sealer. About 3.5 mm of gutta-percha was removed from the orifice using peso reamer. Horizontal tooth sections of 3.5 mm in length were obtained from the coronal third of each sample and were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 each) for intraorifice barrier materials. Group 1: GIC; group 2: Tetric-N-Flow and group 3:Biodentine. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups A and B (n = 10 each) with and without diode laser. After 7 days, the specimens were mounted in acrylic molds and push-out bond strength was evaluated under universal testing machine. Data analysis was done using One way-analysis of variance and post hoc Tuckey comparison tests (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Laser activation in each group showed greater push-out bond strength; however, Biodentine with laser (group 3A) exhibited higher bond strength compared to all groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Biodentine with laser activation before placement of the coronal barrier of endodontic treated tooth increases the quality of bond strength.

Causes of Discoloration of Dental Fillings in Adults: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this investigation was to carry out an exhaustive review of the relevant previous research in order to ascertain the underlying causes of the observed discoloration and determine which component, if any, was to blame. A number of phrases taken from previously conducted systematic reviews were used in the search conducted in PubMed. There were a total of 389 teeth treated across eleven different trials that were discovered. Although it was seen more often with the use of the triple antibiotic paste that included minocycline, discoloration was shown to be substantially associated with the utilisation of other components as well. It is strongly suggested that you reevaluate your decision to use minocycline as the intracanal drug in conjunction with the other two antibiotics in the paste. The use of calcium hydroxide or an antibiotic paste containing both metronidazole and ciprofloxacin could be necessary in order to achieve the desired level of discoloration control. The presence of mineral trioxide aggregate was also associated with the discoloration. On the other hand, there is little evidence to suggest that any other material could possibly function as an acceptable coronal barrier. Because discoloration is a result that has a direct impact on patients, further research is required to determine the underlying causes of discoloration.

Deciduous Tooth Pulp Autotransplantation for the Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Permanent Teeth With Pulp Necrosis: A Case Series

IntroductionIn young individuals, deciduous tooth pulp might be used as a natural, biologic scaffold for the regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. The present case series demonstrates the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a novel RET using deciduous pulp autotransplantation in traumatized, necrotic young permanent incisors. MethodsFive previously traumatized maxillary incisors of four 8- to 11.5-year-old patients were treated with a RET protocol that used 2.5% NaOCl irrigation and placement of calcium hydroxide dressing in the first visit. After 4 weeks, the intracanal medication was removed, and the whole pulp tissue harvested from the neighboring maxillary deciduous canine was transplanted into the disinfected root canal without induced apical bleeding. Following placement of a mineral trioxide aggregate coronal barrier, the access cavities were restored with acid-etch resin composite. The root canals of donor primary canines were filled with calcium hydroxide-iodoform paste and were restored as with the permanent incisors. ResultsThree patients were followed-up for 24 months, and 1 patient for 12 months. All teeth demonstrated radiographic evidence of complete periapical healing, slight increase in dentinal wall thickness, and continued apical closure in the absence of clinical symptoms. A positive response to cold test was obtained in 1 incisor at 12 months and 2 at 24 months. ConclusionsBased on 12- and 24-month clinical and radiographic findings, the present cases demonstrate a favorable outcome of a RET protocol using deciduous pulp autotransplantation in young permanent incisors with pulp necrosis.

English

BACKGROUND Necrotic immature permanent teeth undergoing Regenerative Endodontic Treatment (RET) are subjected to functional forces that might lead to their fracture before achieving apical closure. This study compared the fracture strength of simulated immature teeth treated with RET that were subjected to cyclic loading. METHODS Thirty human anterior teeth were randomly assigned into three groups (Group I: control, groups II and III: prepared to simulate immature teeth then subjected to RET with EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ESRRM) and white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA) used as coronal barriers, respectively). All specimens were mounted on customized mold and subjected to cyclic loading until fracture or to a maximum of 165,000 cycles. The number of endured cycles and the maximum load applied at failure were recorded. Chi-square analysis was done to compare the frequency of fracture while One - Way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Post Hoc test were done to compare means for the number of endured cycles and the maximum load applied to failure. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the three groups regarding the frequency of fracture (P &gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean number of cycles endured or force at failure between group I and II or groups II and III (P &gt; 0.05). However, group III endured significantly less force (P= 0.008) and significantly lower number of cycles (P = 0.014) compared to group I. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of this study, there was no significant difference between ESRRM and WMTA regarding their reinforcement of teeth treated with RET. KEY WORDS EndoSequence Root Repair Material, Fracture Strength, Immature Teeth, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Regeneration

Efficacy of MTA Modified by Nanosilver for the Prevention of Coronal Leakage

Background:Numerous materials have been introduced as coronal barriers, however, they have shown various degrees of microleakage. Therefore, attempts are undertaken to introduce more reliable materials with the potential to provide a long-term coronal seal.Introduction:Thisin vitrostudy aimed to assess the efficacy of gray ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) modified by a suspension of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an orifice plug using a bacterial leakage method.Methods:40 extracted human teeth were prepared and filled (except for the negative control group) using the lateral compaction technique. The coronal 2 mm of the root filling was removed in the experimental groups. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 15) and two control (n = 5) groups. In the experimental group 1 (MTA group) and the experimental group 2 (Ag-MTA group), MTA modified by a suspension of AgNPs was used as an orifice plug. In the negative control group, the entire root surfaces were covered with two layers of nail varnish. In the positive control group, the root canals were filled with a single gutta-percha cone without a sealer and no orifice plug. Bacterial leakage was assessed using a two-chamber system. The teeth were incubated at 37°C and 100% humidity for 120 days, and human saliva was added to the samples every 3 days. Bacterial microleakage was assessed by daily monitoring and observating the turbidity of the Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. The data were analyzed using the log-rank test.Results:All positive controls showed contamination after 5 days. None of the negative controls were contaminated during the experiment. The Ag-MTA group demonstrated a significantly better coronal seal than the MTA group (p = 0.031).Conclusion:Gray ProRoot MTA modified by AgNPs has the potential for being used as an orifice plug in endodontically treated teeth.

Are single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures successful in treating non-vital, immature young permanent teeth?

Design Systematic review.Data sources PubMed and Scopus databases were searched independently by two authors from inception to July 2018 using keywords and index words combined using Boolean terms. Articles were restricted to English and were not excluded based on study design. Conference proceedings, grey literature, letters and commentaries were excluded.Data extraction and synthesis Demographic data (age, sex), study design, pulpal and periapical pre-treatment diagnosis, pre-operative radiographic findings, intra-operative disinfection protocol, intracanal coronal barrier, duration of follow-up, and clinical and/or radiographic and/or histological outcomes after completion of single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) on non-vital, immature permanent teeth. Quality of included case reports were assessed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Risk of bias assessment of randomised controlled trials was done using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The quality of the animal study was assessed by the SYRCLE risk of bias assessment tool.Results A total of five case reports, one randomised controlled trial and one animal study were included in the final analysis. All case reports were rated as high quality while the randomised controlled trial was rated moderate-to-low risk of bias. Case reports and the animal study favoured single-visit REPs, while the results from the randomised trial reported only 50% success. Within this limited pool of studies, there were differences in aetiology, location, disinfection protocol (different concentrations of NaOCl and EDTA, saline, chlorhexidine), follow-up time intervals and subjective reporting of radiographic healing, making syntheses challenging.Conclusions Single-visit REPs may offer benefits of reduced treatment time and visits compared to conventional two-visit REPs.

Comparison of MTA, CEM Cement, and Biodentine as Coronal Plug during Internal Bleaching: An In Vitro Study.

Background Internal bleaching is a choice of treatment in discolored endodontically treated teeth. Cervical root resorption is one of the important complications of this treatment. A suggested procedure to prevent this type of resorption is using a coronal barrier under the bleaching materials. The aim of the study was to compare the microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and Biodentine. Materials and Methods In this in vitro study, a total of 60 single canal incisors were included. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 16), one positive control group (n = 6), and one negative control group (n = 6). Coronal portion of the canals in the experimental groups was sealed with 3 mm of MTA, CEM cement, or Biodentine as a coronal barrier. After 3 days, specimens were bleached. A fresh Enterococcus faecalis suspension was added to the samples. The culture tubes were observed for 45 days, and the daily turbidity was recorded. Statistical analysis was accomplished by the Kaplan–Meier test and SPSS 22. Results All positive samples showed turbidity, whereas none of the negative samples allowed bacterial leakage. Results showed no significant difference between MTA, CEM cement, and Biodentine groups. (P value = 0.304, 0.695, and 0.217). The bacterial microleakage for the two groups also did not show significant differences. Conclusions CEM cement and Biodentine showed promising results as coronal plug, and clinical studies are needed to test these materials with MTA for avoiding microleakage in internal bleaching treatment.

Micro-CT analysis of the marginal adaptation and porosity associated with ultrasonic activation of coronally placed tricalcium silicate-based cements.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic activation on coronal marginal adaptation and microporosity of tricalcium silicate-based materials. Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary lateral incisor teeth were instrumented with ProTaper Next X2 files followed by Peeso-Reamer burs, sizes 1 to 5. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n=10): Group 1, Biodentine+hand condensation; Group 2, Biodentine+ultrasonic activation; Group 3, NeoMTA Plus+hand condensation; Group 4, NeoMTA Plus+ultrasonic activation; Group 5, ProRoot WMTA+hand condensation; and Group 6, ProRoot WMTA+ultrasonic activation. All tested materials were mixed mechanically and placed 2mm underneath the cement-enamel junction by hand condensation or indirect ultrasonic activation. Volumetric analysis of the voids between the dentine wall and coronal barrier material and the porosity within the material was evaluated with micro-CT. There was no significant difference in marginal adaptation among the six groups (P>0.05). Ultrasonic activation favoured a reduced microporosity in Biodentine Group (P<0.001).

Effect of Intracanal Glass-Ionomer Barrier Thickness on Microleakage in Coronal Part of Root in Endodontically Treated Teeth: an In Vitro Study.

Statement of the Problem: The most common cause of endodontic treatment failures is improper coronal sealing. Therefore, besides to proper root sealing, coronal sealing which is supported by a proper restoration has a major role in endodontic treatment success, and coronal microleakage should be considered as an etiologic factor in endodontic treatment failure. Glass-ionomer (GI) has been proposed as a coronal barrier for microleakage after endodontic treatment.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the coronal microleakage in GI-obturated root canals in endodontically treated teeth using different thicknesses of GI.Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, forty-five single-rooted extracted human teeth with single canals were collected and disinfected with 0.5% chloramine solution. After endodontic treatment, teeth were divided into 3 groups. In the group 1 to 3, 1 to 3mm of gutta-percha was removed and GI was replaced at 1-, 2- and 3-mm thicknesses respectively. Then subgroups were placed in methylene blue dye and the microleakage was assessed using dye penetration.Results: The mean dye penetration in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 5.1, 3.7 and 2.9, respectively, with statistically significant differences. Group 1 exhibited the highest amount of dye penetration while group 3 showed the least one. Moreover, a significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p= 0.002) and a non-significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p= 0.098) was detected in mean dye penetration.Conclusion: Thicker layers of GI might decrease the coronal microleakage. GI at 3-mm thickness resulted in the best protective effect on coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth, though further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Viability and Stimulation of Human Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (hSCAPs) Induced by Silicate-Based Materials for Their Potential Use in Regenerative Endodontics: A Systematic Review.

Blood clot formation in the apical third of the root canal system has been shown to promote further root development and reinforcement of dentinal walls by the deposition of mineralized tissue, resulting in an advancement from traditional apexification procedures to a regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) for non-vital immature permanent teeth. Silicate-based hydraulic biomaterials, categorized as bioactive endodontic cements, emerged as bright candidates for their use in RET as coronal barriers, sealing the previously induced blood clot scaffold. Human stem cells from the apical papilla (hSCAPs) surviving the infection may induce or at least be partially responsible for the regeneration or repair shown in RET. The aim of this study is to present a qualitative synthesis of available literature consisting of in vitro assays which analyzed the viability and stimulation of hSCAPs induced by silicate-based hydraulic biomaterials. A systematic electronic search was carried out in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and SciELO databases, followed by a study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment following the PRISMA protocol. In vitro studies assessing the viability, proliferation, and/or differentiation of hSCAPs as well as their mineralization potential and/or osteogenic, odontogenic, cementogenic and/or angiogenic marker expression in contact with commercially available silicate-based materials were included in the present review. The search identified 73 preliminary references, of which 10 resulted to be eligible for qualitative synthesis. The modal materials studied were ProRoot MTA and Biodentine. Both bioceramic materials showed significant positive results when compared to a control for hSCAP cell viability, migration, and proliferation assays; a significant up-regulation of hSCAP odontogenic/osteogenic marker (ALP, DSPP, BSP, Runx2, OCN, OSX), angiogenic growth factor (VEGFA, FIGF) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) expression; and a significant increase in hSCAP mineralized nodule formation assessed by Alizarin Red staining. Commercially available silicate-based materials considered in the present review can potentially induce mineralization and odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs, thus prompting their use in regenerative endodontic procedures.

Microleakage comparison of resin modified glass ionomer and OrthoMTA used as a coronal barrier in nonvital teeth bleaching

Microleakage comparison of resin modified glass ionomer and OrthoMTA used as a coronal barrier in nonvital teeth bleaching