Corn Cultivars Research Articles

Growth analysis of some maize cultivars on weedy condition

This research purpose was to study the influence of weed on the growth process of some maize cultivars. It was held from March to July 2016 in Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarata and Plant Production Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Gadjah Mada University. The experiment design was split plot based on randomized complete block design. The corn cultivars as the main plot consisted of Bisi 18, Bisi 2, Pertiwi 3, NK 22, NK 33, DK 959, DK 771, DK 95, P 23, Bima 19 uri, Bisma, and Sukmaraga while the presence of weed as a sub-plot consisted of non-weedy and weedy. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of 5 % significant. The results showed that there was an interaction between maize cultivar and weed presence to the leaf area index and specific leaf weight on 6 week after planting (WAP). Weed did not decrease net assimilation rate on 4-6 WAP and 6-8 MST. Weed also did not decrease specific leaf weight. Weed reduced leaf area index and biomass dry weight on 6 and 8 WAP and crop growth rate on 4-6 WAP and 6-8 WAP. DK 771 and Sukmaraga produced the highest dry weight.

Improved Corn Yields When Humic Acid Extracted from Composted Manure Is Applied to Acid Soils with Phosphorus Fertilizer

Most corn planted on tropical acidic soils suffers substantial yield loss caused by low crop phosphorus (P) uptake. Humic acid is recommended to increase crop P uptake since it is capable of competing with P to be bound to soil adsorption complexes. Humic acid extracted from composted manure (MHA) is a good alternative to humic acid because it is more reactive and has a higher complexation ability compared with leonardite. Therefore, the effectiveness of soil-applied MHA combined with P was evaluated to improve corn yields in acidic soils from the aspect of crop nutrient uptake efficiency and crop physiological performance. Two high-yielding corn cultivars that are highly accepted by Indonesian farmers and resistant to downy mildew disease were subjected to five different types of MHA and P combinations. The amount of P fertilizer was equivalent to 120 mg P2O5 kg−1 soil. The H10P1 produced the most significant result p < 0.05 in terms of total crop dry weight, grain dry weight, and corn yield. The highest efficiency for P uptake in the leaves and grains was found with H10P1 and H5P1, respectively. Although chlorophyll content was not substantially improved, the stomatal apertures 7 weeks after planting (WAP) were significantly increased p < 0.05 with H10P1 and H15P1. The photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase (NR) activity at 10 WAP were significantly increased p < 0.05 with H5P1 and H10P1, respectively. The results clearly indicated significant increases in the efficiency of crop P uptake and physiological performance for stomatal aperture, photosynthetic rate, and NR activity can highly contribute to higher corn yields.

Combining Ability of Husk Extension, Maysin Content, and Corn Earworm Resistance

Corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) is a destructive pest with limited management options in sweet corn (Zea mays) production. Increased husk extension and the presence of the C-glycosyl flavone maysin are two proposed mechanisms for improving corn earworm resistance in corn cultivars. A factorial mating design was conducted to test hybrid combinations of sweet corn inbreds with long husks and/or maysin to identify candidates for future cultivar development. The mating design had seven male parents, including three commercial sweet corn inbreds (Wh9261, We11401, and Wt1001) and four inbreds selected for maysin content (Maysin1, 2, 3, and 4), and five female parents, including two commercial sweet corn inbreds (Ia453su and Ia5125su) and three inbreds with long, thick, tight husks (A684su, A685su, and A686su). Hybrids were evaluated for ear length, husk length, maysin content, and corn earworm resistance at six environments in 2016 and 2017. Relationships between husk extension, maysin, and corn earworm resistance were inconsistent, but five inbreds produced hybrids with significantly lower corn earworm infestation and/or damage, demonstrating potential to confer resistance to the corn earworm.

Efeitos da temperatura na germinação de sementes de milho biofortificado

ABSTRACT: For good germination, seeds need mainly oxygen, water and adequate temperatures, the latter being the most relevant factor in germination speed. Thus, the main objective of this work was to identify favorable temperatures for the germination of corn seeds (BRS-4104). The work was performed in the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Assis Gurgacz Foundation University Center, in Cascavel, Parana State. The experimental design was entirely randomized (DIC). Five temperatures were studied: 15 oC, 20 oC, 25 oC, 30 oC and 35 oC, with 8 evaluation periods and 5 repetitions, with 25 seeds in each. The following variables were evaluated: germination velocity index (IVG), mean germination time (TMG), first count (PC) and germination of corn (G). The experiment means were submitted to variance analysis and compared by Tukey test, at 5% probability for all variables, using the ASSISTAT program. It was concluded that the ideal temperature for seed germination of the biofortified corn cultivar (BRS-4104) is between 20 and 35 oC. KEYWORDS: Ecophysiology, Seed germination, Zea mays.

Agronomic Performance of Corn Cultivars in Low-Altitude in the Cerrado-Amazon Ecotone

e of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of corn cultivars for grain production in the south at low altitude in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone.
 Place: The research was carried out at Sítio Vitória (8°18'32.0"S, 50°36'58.0"W, 278 MASL), in the south of the state of Pará, Brazil.
 Study Design: The experimental design was randomized blocks with twelve treatments and three replications. The treatments were eight corn hybrids: AG 1051, AG 8088, BM 3051, BR 2022, BR 205, BR 206, BRS 3046 and PR 27D28; and four open pollination populations: AL BANDEIRANTE, ANHEMBI, CATIVERDE and M 274.
 Methodology: Sowed on January 28, 2019. The following characteristics were evaluated: ear height, plant height, number of grains per row, ear diameter, ear length, ear weight and grain yield.
 Results: The cultivars showed a difference for all traits. The grain yield of the cultivars ranged from 4,567 kg ha-1 (BR 205) to 9,450 kg ha-1 (AG 1051).
 Conclusion: The hybrids AG 1051 and BM 3051 were the ones that stood out the most, had the best performance in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone.

The Effect of Pollen on The Cross of Black Corn, Waxy Corn (Zea Mays Ceratina), and Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata) on the Seed Characters

The expression of genes resulting from crosses from male parents and female parents will be seen in the next plant generation, where the pollen effect of male parent called xenia effect really determines the direction of its expressiveness to produce superior cultivars. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of xenia on qualitative and quantitative characters as well as to obtain information on prospective male lines as parents used to form hybrid cultivars. The research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, East Java. The method used was a single plant selection. The cross treatments used were selfing and crossing. Observations were made on qualitative and quantitative characters. Qualitative character data were analyzed using a descriptive statistical scoring approach. Quantitative data were analyzed using independent t test with a level of 5%. The results showed that the pollen affected the variable seed color, seed shape, ear weight, ear length, ear diameter, number of seed rows, weight of 100 seeds, seed length and seed width of several crosses. From this research, it was obtained several prospective lines that can be used as male parents for the formation of hybrid corn cultivars having different seed characters.

Agronomic and Chemical Performance of Corn Cultivars under Inoculation and Co-Inoculation with Diazotrophic Bacteria

The intense use of agricultural fertilizers in corn crops results in serious environmental impacts, an increase in production costs, and the reduction of the soil microbial population. An alternative to these problems is the use of microorganisms present in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and chemical potential of different corn cultivars under inoculation and co-inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria Azospirillum brasiliense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. A field experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a bifactorial scheme. Factor A consisted of inoculation (use of an isolate) and co-inoculation (use of the two bacteria) and factor D, of corn cultivars (creole and hybrid) submitted to different N doses (40 and 80 kg/ ha or 50% and 100% of N dose recommended). The grain yield was up to 11862.7 kg/ ha for the hybrid cultivar treated with bacteria co-inoculation. The oil and protein yields were up to 31 ± 14.9 g oil/ 100 g sample and 1.1 ± 0.2 g protein/ 100 g sample. Thus, the use of inoculation and co-inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria can be applied in the management of corn production as a strategy to reduce production costs and obtain higher yields.

Consumer acceptability of rice-like grains made from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and corn (Zea mays)

Rice is one of the most important crops in Asia. There are several crops that can be utilized as an alternative to rice. This can help reduce the burden of rice importation and improve food security. The purpose of this study was to develop a consumer acceptable rice-like grains from cassava and corn. A total of 220 combinations of rice-like grains from different cultivars of cassava (Binulak, Lakan 1, Lakan 2, Rajah 4) and corn (IPB Var 6, IPB Var 8, IPB Var 11, IPB Var 13) were developed. Most acceptable combinations were then subjected to consumer acceptability testing. Results showed that the five most acceptable combinations are Lakan 2-IPB Var 8, Binulak-IPB Var 8, Binulak-IPB Var 6, Lakan 2-IPB Var 13, and Rajah 4-IPB Var 6. Eighty two percent (82 %) of the respondents preferred Lakan 2-IPB Var 13 from among all the 20 combinations. These were also perceived as the most comparable and acceptable to rice (r=0.753; p<0.01). The study revealed that production of rice-like grains from other staples can potentially be an alternative to rice. Further studies may be done to improve the process thus making the product more similar to rice.

Assessment of the Correlation between Chlorophyll Content and Drought Resistance in Corn Cultivars (Zea Mays)

The most critical issue regarding plants production is drought stress. Due to the near dating amongst leaves chlorophyll content within the plant achievement prices for photosynthesis and their resistance against the environmental strain, it may be beneficial to decide on varieties (cultivars) associated with superfluous chlorophyll content in the breeding (Revisory) programs. Thus, to assess the relationship between chlorophyll strain resistances in the experimental maize cultivars, we used 4 replications of five Maize genotypes with both irrigation and dry farming using the randomized entire block layout in 2016-17 agricultural year in Ardabil. We used Fernandez strain tolerance indices to calculate the strain tolerance of different genotypes. Besides, we used CCI-2 hundred tool to measure the leaves chlorophyll content. The results showed that strain-resistant genotypes which provided superior capability yield as well as 1.2 fold chlorophyll content compared with the resistant cultivars. Accordingly, genotypes 1 and 5 had the maximum chlorophyll content and the highest quantity of yield and thus, these genotypes are the maximum resistant genotypes against the drought. Moreover, further studies are required to choose genotypes compatible with dry situations.

Development and validation of gene‐based markers for shrunken2‐Reference allele and their utilization in marker‐assisted sweet corn (Zea maysSachharata) breeding programme

AbstractThe recessive shrunken2‐Reference (sh2‐Ref) allele is traditionally used in sweet corn cultivar development worldwide. However, non‐availability of suitable gene‐based marker(s) for sh2‐Ref has considerably delayed its utilization in molecular breeding. Here, 7,320 bp sequence of Sh2 gene among five wild‐ and six sh2‐Ref‐based inbreds was analysed by employing 13 overlapping primers. SNP583 (A in wild and G in mutant) and SNP755 (T in wild and C in mutant) in 5’UTR, and SNP5112 (C in wild and T in mutant) in intron‐12 clearly differentiated dominant (Sh2) and recessive (sh2‐Ref) allele. These SNPs were used to develop four gene‐based PCR markers. The newly developed markers were validated in six F2 populations segregating for sh2‐Ref allele, and 230 diverse inbreds of normal and sweet corn types. These markers were further used in genotyping of BC1F1 populations leading to successful selection of sh2‐Ref allele in the marker‐assisted breeding. Globally, this assumes great significance in molecular breeding of sweet corn.

Biochemical evaluation of newly composed tercumin capsules

In the present study, bitter dry beans of lupine seeds (Lupinus termis L.) cultivar Giza-1, and powder of turmeric rhizomes, (Curcuma longa L.,), and grains of yellow corn (Zea mays L.) cultivar Giza-368 were used to prepare three tercumin capsules. Chemical composition and elementary analysis of all capsules and their sources were done. The tercumin capsules composed from three portions, the first one, is fine powdered lupine seeds (FPLS), the second portion is turmeric powdered (TP) and the third one is the grain husks of yellow corn (GHYC). Generally, these data ` that the three chosen crops studied here are good, complementary and inexpensive sources for composed capsules. While the crude protein (6.69 -34.15 %) and lipids (3.82-11.07%) and TSS (21.16-25.32%). From obtained, results turmeric rhizomes contain the highest content of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene followed by bitter lupines Giza-1, and husks of yellow corn grain. Lupine seeds, turmeric rhizomes andyellow corn grains contain large quantities of carotenoid pigments, which can be used as dietary supplements or as safe food additives. Results of carotenoid levels in three tercumin capsules show that lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene content in tercumin capsule-2 are higher than those determined in tercumin capsule-3 and tercumin capsule-1. TPCs in both tercumin capsules and their sources tercumin capsules ranged from 2.18 to 29.48 mg/100g. TPCs in the yellow corn grains are higher than those found in the bitter lupine seeds Giza-1 (2.185 mg/100g) and turmeric rhizomes. TPCs concentrations in thetercumin capsules-3 are higher than those found in the tercumin capsules-1 and tercumin capsules-2. The levels of TPCs in the tercumin capsules-1, capsules-2 and capsules-3 are 20.1, 25.63 and 29.480 mg/100g respectively. Total flavonoid contents in tercumin capsules and their sources were assayed and the results indicate that turmeric powdered contained the highest level 4.97 mg/100 g CE followed by grain husks of yellow corn (GHYC) and the lowest level (1.396) was found in the powder of lupine seed Giza-1.The results also showed that tercumin capsule-3 contain the highest concentration (5.142) of TFs followed by tercumin capsule-1and tercumin capsule-2 contain the lowest concentration. These results showed that total alkaloids in turmeric rhizomes (1.82%) are higher than those determined in yellow corn grains (1.203%). The levels of TAs in turmeric rhizomes are always higher than those determined in yellow corn grains.

Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn Seeds

Cultivar identification of seeds is important for crop yield and quality. To study the impact of different features expressions and classification methods on cultivar identification, the performance of the feature expressions and classification algorithms affecting the accuracy of cultivar identification was evaluated by image processing techniques. A total of 448 samples of seeds from seven cultivars of sweet corn, namely, Orlando, Beiyasi, Jingketian 183, Jingtian 218, Suitian 1, CT76 and Lilixiangtian, were evaluated. The color, shape and texture features of the seeds were extracted from the images, and the class separability criterion was adopted to evaluate the separability of the features of the embryo side, nonembryo side and both of them combined. The results indicate that the class separability based on the features of the embryo side was higher than that based on the nonembryo side and both of them combined. Based on the embryo-side optical feature data, dimensionality reduction was conducted by two feature selection methods (stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and genetic algorithm (GA)) and two feature extraction methods (principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA)). Performance evaluation of the feature reductions was conducted by constructing k-nearest neighbor (K-NN), naïve Bayes (NB), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Compared to the PCA and KPCA algorithms, the SDA and GA algorithms were more conducive to the cultivar classification of sweet corn seeds; the critical features selected specifically by the SDA, K-NN, NB, LDA and SVM classifiers achieved the best classification accuracies (81.43%, 82.86%, 90%, and 87.14%, respectively). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the approach for optical feature selection had a more significant effect on the identification of sweet corn seed cultivars than did the classifiers. Therefore, based on the optical images of the embryo side and the key features obtained by the feature selection method, a classification model was constructed for the accurate and nondestructive classification of different sweet corn seed cultivars.

Sweet corn nitrogen accumulation, leaf photosynthesis rate, and radiation use efficiency under variable nitrogen fertility and irrigation

Virtually no information exists on the response of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) to nitrogen fertility and irrigation treatments in terms of leaf nitrogen accumulation and the consequent impact on leaf CO2 assimilation rate and on crop growth as measured as radiation use efficiency (RUE). A two-year field experiment was undertaken in which a sweet corn cultivar was subjected to all combinations of five nitrogen fertility and three irrigation treatments. Leaf photosynthesis measurements were made at stages of 7–9 leaves, tasseling, silking, blistering, and milking. Leaf nitrogen per unit area was also measured at these five stages plus two additional stages before and after the five core measurements. Total nitrogen and plant mass was accumulated at the seven stages to track total nitrogen accumulation and to calculate RUE. The overall patterns in the measured variables were similar to those reported for field maize. However, leaf nitrogen per unit area for sweet corn under optimum conditions was greater than reported for field maize. The higher leaf nitrogen per unit area in sweet corn did not, however, result in greater leaf photosynthesis rates and RUE than reported for field maize. The results of these unique observations on sweet corn indicate the possibility of greater nitrogen storage in sweet corn leaves that is not directly linked with photosynthesis and carbon accumulation.

Gas exchange and putrescine content as drought stress indicators in corn cultivars fertilized with silicon

The effects of drought stress on maize have been extensively reported in tropical and subtropical areas, including morphological changes in plants and reductions in the grain yield. The development of sustainable alternatives that help mitigate the negative impacts of water stress is indispensable for the development of agricultural crops. This study evaluates the effect of silicon fertilization in two irrigation blades, on gas exchange, putrescine content, quantification of Ca, K, Zn, and Fe by neutron activation and grain yield in two maize cultivars, tolerant and sensitive to drought stress. Two experiments were conducted, the first using BR-1010 (sensitive to drought stress) and the second using DKB-390 (tolerant to drought stress), in 19 dm-3 pots with one plant in each pot. The experiment was organized in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme, combining two irrigation blades (30 percent and 100 percent of necessary water replacement) and two silicon conditions per pots: control (-Si), and 27g Si (+Si) using calcium silicate (10.5 percent Si) with four replicates. The contents of putrescine, Ca, K, Zn, and Fe, as well as transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic contents were quantified. Maize yield was measured at the end of the study. It was concluded that supplementation with Si contributes to a 12 percent increase in yield for BR-1010 (drought sensitive) and 14 percent for DKB-390 (drought tolerant). Si increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance in DKB-390. The content of putrescine increased in plants submitted to drought stress and can be considered as an indicator of drought stress. The leaf contents of Ca, K, Zn, and Fe varied according to the cultivars and water blade studied.

Phosphorus use efficiency by maize cultivars for the production of green ears

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of phosphorus by maize cultivars for the production of green ears. Two experiments were carried out, one in the rainy season (March to June) and the other in the dry period (August to December), both at the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, in the community of Alagoinha, belonging to the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, in the municipality of Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a combination of three levels of phosphorus (low, medium and high) and eight corn cultivars (Dona Josélia, Carrapateira, Pontinha, Cruzeta, Potiguar, BRS 2022, Status and AG 1051). A randomized block design was used in a 3 × 8 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The evaluated characteristics were: number and total mass of green ears, number and mass of tradable, stuffed and depleted green ears, agronomic and physiological efficiency of production of recovery and use of phosphorus. The cultivars showed better productive performance when fertilized with phosphorus. The cultivars Cruzeta, Potiguar, BRS 2022, Status, AG 1051 and Carrapateira were the most efficient in the use of phosphorus to produce green maize.

Basis of limited-transpiration rate under elevated vapor pressure deficit and high temperature among sweet corn cultivars

One plant trait that has been developed in several crop species to increase the effectiveness in water use through the cropping season is limited-transpiration under elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). This trait allows water conservation early in the season so that there is more soil water available late in the season for sustained physiological activity during seed development. In sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata), where the quality of the kernels is important, this trait could prove to be especially beneficial. The background objective of this study was to explore 16 sweet corn cultivars for expression of the limited-transpiration trait. It was found at 32 °C that 13 of the 16 cultivars expressed the trait. It was found in a subset of eight of these cultivars, however, only half retained the limited-transpiration trait at 38 °C. The additional objectives were to explore the hypotheses that expression of the limited-transpiration trait was related to plant hydraulic conductance, and to the abundance of silver-sensitive aquaporins in the leaves. In cultivars that lost expression of the limited-transpiration trait at 38 °C there were large increases in plant hydraulic conductance at 38 °C as compared to 32 °C. Abundance of silver-sensitive aquaporins was related to the transpiration rate under low VPD conditions. That is, those cultivars with more abundant silver-sensitive aquaporins had greater transpiration rates as a result of greater stomatal conductance. These results showed that while expression of the limited-transpiration trait in sweet corn at 32 °C was common, differences in expression of the trait at 38 °C were observed due to differences in plant hydraulic conductance and stomatal conductance.

Agronomic Performance of Corn Cultivars as a Function of Phosphorus Use

Aims: The research was carried out to evaluate the agronomic performance of corn cultivars in contrasting phosphorus environments in the state of Pará, Brazil.&#x0D; Study Design: The experimental design was randomized blocks with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were composed of ten cultivars: AG 1051, AG 8088PRO2, BR 206, BRS 3046, PR 27D28, 2B655PW, AL BANDEIRANTE, ANHEMBI, CATIVERDE 02 and ORION&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: In the 2017/18 crop, two competition trials of corn cultivars were carried out at Sítio Vitória, municipality of Santa Maria das Barreiras, state Pará, Brazil.&#x0D; Methodology: Two competition trials of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars were carried out under contracting conditions of phosphorus: high P (100 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and low P (50 kg ha-1 of P2O5), using simple superphosphate (18% P2O5) as the source. The agronomic efficiency of phosphorus use was obtained by the difference between grain yield in both levels, divided by the difference between doses. The variables evaluated were: ear height, plant height, ear diameter, number of rows per year, number of grains per rows and grain yield.&#x0D; Results: The mean grain yield of the cultivars ranged from 5,446 kg ha-1 (low P) to 11,486 kg ha-1 (high P), and the means of all cultivars were higher in high P. The means agronomic efficiency ranged from 25.1 kg kg-1 (AL BANDEIRANTE) to 96.6 kg kg-1 (AG 1051).&#x0D; Conclusion: The highest phosphorus dose (100 kg ha-1 of P2O5) resulted in higher values in the variables studied. The cultivars that stood out the most, under high and low phosphorus, were AG 8088PRO2, AG 1051 and BRS 3046, the last two being agronomically efficient.

Performance of Corn Cultivars in the Fertilization Function in the Alagoas State, Brazil

Brazil is the third largest corn producer in the world. Despite the country’s position in the maize production ranking, some Brazilian regions have a significantly low maize crop yield, mainly due to lack of management recommendations for it. Thus, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the performance of maize cultivars subjected, or not, to NPK fertilization in Alagoas State hinterland. The experiment was carried out at Federal Institute of Alagoas – Piranhas Campus – from February 2019 to June 2019. It followed a randomized block experimental design at factorial arrangement (5x2), with four repetitions, which totaled 40 experimental plots. The first factor comprised five maize cultivars (BRS Caatingueiro, M274 Morumbi, BRS 2022, Crioula Cateto and AG 1051), whereas the second one encompassed NPK fertilizer application, or not. Fertilization led to the best results in most of the evaluated parameters and to increased grain yield (3,037.7 kg ha-1) in all evaluated cultivars. These outcomes evidenced how the fertilization technique, mainly the one comprising NPK macronutrients, can help increasing yield in maize production systems in Alagoas State hinterland. Among the cultivars evaluated, the hybrid 'AG 1051' was the one that stood out the most, except for the ear insertion height, in all the analyzed variables.

Effect of deficit irrigation on physiology and forage yield of forage sorghum, pearl millet, and corn

AbstractThe declining Ogallala aquifer in the Texas High Plains may no longer meet the irrigation requirement to produce high water‐demanding forage crops like silage corn (Zea mays L.) to support a large number of beef and dairy enterprises. Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) can be viable alternatives to silage corn due to their relative drought tolerance than silage corn. A field experiment was conducted at New Deal, TX to assess and compare the physiology, forage yield, and nutrient composition of the brown midrib (BMR) forage sorghum, BMR pearl millet, and corn under deficit irrigation in 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted in a split‐plot design with three irrigation levels (I0 [50 mm], I1 [200 mm], and I2 [350 mm]) as main‐plot and five cultivars (P1498AM [corn], AF7401 and Silo700D [BMR sorghum], and Epic and Exceed [BMR pearl millet]) as sub‐plot with four replications. The higher leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance, and leaf area index resulted in greater biomass assimilation in I2 compared to I1 and I0 irrigation treatments in both years. Sorghum and pearl millet cultivars showed lower water status through lower LWP and canopy‐air temperature difference compared to corn cultivar. However, sorghum cultivars yielded greater fresh biomass than pearl millet and corn in both years. Lower lignin concentration and higher digestible energy were observed in corn, followed by pearl millet and sorghum. These results suggest that under water‐stress conditions BMR sorghum can produce higher forage yield with acceptable nutritive value.

Arıtılmış Atıksu Uygulamalarının Üç Farklı Mısır (Zea Mays L.) Çeşidinde Çimlenme ve Fide Gelişim Özelliklerine Etkisi

Artan dünya nüfusu nedeniyle tatlı su bulunabilirliği sınırlı bir kaynak haline gelmektedir. Atık suyun tarımda yeniden kullanılması yetiştirilen ürünler için yararlı olan besinleri içerdiğinden dikkat çekmiştir. Atık su, bitkileri için besin kaynağı olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Ancak, hem çevre hemde bitki açısından toksitesi konusunda çok yönlü araştırmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı atık su konsantrasyonlarının (saf su, % 25, % 50, % 75 ve % 100) üç farklı mısır çeşidinin (Kefieros, Kerbanis, Kontigos) çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma, faktöriyel düzende tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine desenine göre 4 tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme kontrollü şartlarda 25 ˚C yürütülmüştür. Çimlenme yüzdesi, fide uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı incelenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında incelenen tüm özellikler (çimlenme yüzdesi hariç) ve atık su konsantrasyonları arasında çeşitler bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, % 25 atık su konsantrasyonunun çimlenmeyi teşvik ettiği fakat artan konsantrasyonların azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Fide gelişimi üzerine % 75 atık su konsantrasyonunun teşvik edici bir özelliğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.