Core State Research Articles

How disciplinary detail obscures the metacognitive potential of curriculums

AbstractThis paper analyses five junior secondary curriculums for their emphases on metacognition. Metacognition is an emergent skill that prepares students for their inscrutable futures, where they will need to apply their knowledge strategically to complex contexts, guided by self-knowledge. Its development requires experiential pedagogies that introduce problematic knowledge, and it is difficult to measure. English, humanities, mathematics and science curriculums for students aged between 11–16 years were coded using a qualitative, deductive approach. Semantic information was ascribed to three epistemic and seven cognitive or metacognitive themes, and code totals compared for their relative emphases. All five curriculums provided pathways that could support metacognitive development, but only two, the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (MYP) and the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC), explicitly recommended strategies likely to provoke the dispositions of teachers towards engaging students in complex, problematic tasks. Code totals revealed curriculum tightness. Cambridge Assessment International Education (CAIE) courses provided the greatest number of codes, but the Common Core State Standards (CC) and the Australian Curriculum (version 9) (ACv9), were similarly detailed, with up to three times as many cognitive and metacognitive references as the NZC and MYP. Although all the curriculums claimed to develop thinking skills, the three that used mandatory external assessment or benchmarking tests (CAIE, ACv9 and CC) did not offer mechanisms likely to build teacher capacity to engage their students in tasks that had intrinsic educational benefit.

POWER ACCUMULATOR FOR STABILIZATION OF THE PRESSING PRESSURE OF THE CORE OF A POWERFUL TURBOGENERATOR WITH BUILT-IN METER

In this paper present described features of stabilization and restoration of pressing force of the stator core of a powerful turbogenerator (TG). Weakening of the pressing forces is the cause of a number of negative phenomena, such as increased vibration and loosening of the core sheets with their subsequent destruction (cracking), which is often the cause of generator damage. It is shown that to assess the state of the pressing force in the core of the TG stator, force meters in the clamping prisms of the core, built into the design of the power accumulator (PA) for stabilizing the pressing force of the core, can be used. The design of the package of disc springs used in PA consists of a package of plate springs and allows to stabilize the pressure in the stator core of a powerful TG to a given level without additional control with probes and fixation by tightening the adjustment nuts. Describes the advantages and features of using PA with a package of disc springs for pressure stabilization, installed under the tightening nuts or instead of them on the threaded ends of the tightening prisms. Proposed to use a built-in force measuring transducer, which consists of an elastic sensitive element (ESE) and a capacitive sensor (CS) into PA structure. The purpose of this article is to create a force meter in the clamping prisms of the stator core of a powerful TG using an elastic sensitive element and a capacitive sensor built into the design of a "caseless" power battery to stabilize the pressing pressure of the stator core of a powerful turbogenerator. A number of TG and PA parameters, which should know to calculate the mechanical characteristics of the disc spring unit outlined. The dependence of the force of the spring block on the displacement of the pressure plate of the stator core is determined. Showing that the assessment of the force in the tightening prism performed by measuring the electrical capacity between the potential electrode CS and the grounded element of PA. Measuring the height of the block during planned repairs or operation of the turbogenerator allows you to determine with high accuracy the amount of tension on each tightening prism and therefore the compression force of the core and, if it necessary to adjust the pressing force by tightening the springs. The conversion function of the force converter is determined, taking into account the geometric dimensions of the ESE and CS. The calculation of ESE for mechanical strength was carried out. The use of pressure gauges in tightening prisms allows you to effectively restore and maintain the pressing force of the final packages of the stator core, control the pressure during operation and adjust it without stopping the turbogenerator. The obtained results can be used in systems for stabilizing the pressing force of the stator core with power accumulators and in the system for assessing the current state of the stator core of powerful turbogenerators of the TGV-200 and TGV-300 type. Increasing the accuracy of measurements and reducing operational risks will contribute to the rapid and effective restoration of critical infrastructure and ensure the stable operation of energy facilities.

Spatial reasoning in mathematics standards: identifying how early elementary educators are systematically supported to teach spatial skills

Spatial reasoning is critical to early mathematics learning, but it is unclear how early elementary educators learn to teach and are supported in teaching its comprising skills. One view of the available supports can be found by examining the alignment of spatial reasoning skills and mathematics education standards, as standards provide the content of the intended curriculum children are expected to learn at each grade level. This study used content analysis methods to investigate how spatial reasoning might be taught through broadly adopted early elementary education standards in the United States, the Kindergarten through Grade 2 Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. The paper describes the frequency and degree of explicitness with which 38 spatial reasoning skills are therein represented. Findings indicate that most standards implicitly relate to some form of spatial reasoning through a pedagogical reach of teaching expertise, but few standards contain explicit spatial linkages. The implications and limitations of this analysis are discussed in relation to teaching spatial reasoning in early elementary grades and students’ opportunities to learn these critical skills.

Effects of Nanoconfinement on Dynamics in Concentrated Aqueous Magnesium Chloride Solutions.

Water behavior in various natural and manufactured settings is influenced by confinement in organic or inorganic frameworks and the presence of solutes. Here, the effects on dynamics from both confinement and the addition of solutes are examined. Specifically, water and ion dynamics in concentrated (2.5-4.2 m) aqueous magnesium chloride solutions confined in mesoporous silica (2.8 nm pore diameter) were investigated using polarization selective pump-probe and 2D infrared spectroscopies. Fitting the rotational and spectral diffusion dynamics measured by the vibrational probe, selenocyanate, with a previously developed two-state model revealed distinct behaviors at the interior of the silica pores (core state) and near the wall of the confining framework (shell state). The shell dynamics are noticeably slower than the bulk, or core, dynamics. The concentration-dependent slowing of the dynamics aligns with behavior in the bulk solutions, but the spectrally separated water-associated and Mg2+-associated forms of the selenocyanate probe exhibit different responses to confinement. The disparity in the complete reorientation times is larger upon confinement, but the spectral diffusion dynamics become more similar near the silica surface. The length scales that characterize the transition from surface-influenced to bulk-like behavior for the salt solutions in the pores are discussed and compared to those of pure water and an organic solvent confined in the same pores. These comparisons offer insights into how confinement modulates the properties of different liquids.

Investigation on Fluorescence Origin and Spectral Heterogeneity in Carbon Dots: A Dynamic Perspective

AbstractHeterogeneity in the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs) has been hard to figure out so far. This could potentially be related to structural factors, size or intermediate fluorophores, especially when employing the bottom‐up synthesis. Herein, we unveil the origin of fluorescence and spectral heterogeneity of CDs using a simple dynamic method. This work reports the room light‐excited green fluorescence and dual‐emissive N‐doped CDs synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Studies were carried out considering the factors of fluorescence phenomena, such as excitation‐independent emission, fluorescent impurities, aggregation and solvation dynamics. The new steady‐state, Excitation‐resolved area‐normalized emission spectroscopy (ERANES) and ensemble measurements, including time‐resolved studies reveal that a heterogeneous environment exists in the ground state. Eventually, the results show the existence of core, edge and surface states in the CDs. Additionally, the fluorescence characteristics depend on the structural functionalization that occurs in both the intrinsic and extrinsic states of the CDs and it is proven that this does not violate the Kasha‐Vavilov rule. Although a highly purified material could still exhibit heterogeneity due to the ensemble emissive states and structural variations. Our results provide insights into the enduring debates about fluorescence and a deeper understanding of the structure‐ property relationship of CDs.

Role of Dy 4f electrons on magnetic coupling and reorientation in DyFeO3

Spin reorientation transition is an ubiquitous phenomenon observed in magnetic rare earth orthferrites RFeO3, which has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential applications in spintronics or magnetoelectric devices. Although a plenty of experimental works suggest that the magnetic interaction between R3+ and Fe3+ spins is at the heart of the spin reorientation, but a direct and conclusive theoretical support has been lacking thus far, primarily due to the challenging nature of handling R 4f electrons. In this paper, we explored DyFeO3 as an example by means of comprehensive first principles calculations, and compared two different approaches, where the Dy 4f electrons were treated separately as core or valence states, aiming to elucidate the role of Dy 4f electrons, particularly in the context of the spin reorientation transition. The comparison provides a solid piece of evidence for the experimental argument that the Dy3+−Fe3+ magnetic interactions play a vital role in triggering spin reorientation of Fe3+ moments at low temperatures. The findings revealed here not only extend our understanding on the underlying mechanism for spin reorientation transition in RFeO3, but also highlight the importance of explicit description of R 4f electrons in rationally reproducing their structural, electronic and magnetic properties.

Metal-silicate mixing in planetesimal collisions

Impacts between differentiated planetesimals are ubiquitous in protoplanetary discs and may mix materials from the core, mantle, and crust of planetesimals, thus forming stony-iron meteorites. The surface composition of the asteroid (16) Psyche represents a mixture of metal and non-metal components. However, the velocities, angles, and outcome regimes of impacts that mixed metal and silicate from different layers of planetesimals are debated. Our aim is to investigate the impacts between planetesimals that can mix large amounts of metal and silicate, and the mechanism of stony-iron meteorite formation. We used smooth particle hydrodynamics to simulate the impacts between differentiated planetesimals with various initial conditions that span different outcome regimes. In our simulations, the material strength was included and the effects of the states of planetesimal cores were studied. Using a statistical approach, we quantitatively analysed the distributions of metal and silicate after impacts. Our simulations modelled the mass, depth, and sources of the metal-silicate mixture in different impact conditions. Our results suggest that the molten cores in planetesimals could facilitate mixing of metal and silicate. Large amounts of the metal-silicate mixture could be produced by low-energy accretional impacts and high-energy erosive impacts in the largest impact remnant, and by hit-and-run and erosive impacts in the second-largest impact remnant. After impact, most of the metal-silicate mixture was buried at depth, consistent with the low cooling rates of stony-iron meteorites. Our results indicate that mesosiderites potentially formed in an erosive impact, while pallasites potentially formed in an accretional or hit-and-run impact. The mixing of metal and non-metal components on Psyche may also be the result of impacts.

Debating on Transport Corridors of Azerbaijan in the Context of Globalization

This paper investigates the impact of globalization on transportation corridors in Azerbaijan, which are strategically located to serve as hubs for crossroads between north-south and east-west trade. The main hypothesis is that globalization has had a significant impact on transportation corridors in Azerbaijan, resulting in greater connectivity and trade flows within the region. The recent triumph over Armenia has resulted in significant changes in the region, enhancing Azerbaijan's reputation. Alongside the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the imposition of sanctions on Russia and Iran, Azerbaijan has emerged as a secure passage between these influential powers. Furthermore, the rising demands for major international trade routes have created a pressing need for Azerbaijan to enhance its capabilities to effectively meet these growing requirements. According to the World Systems Theory, semi-periphery countries play the role of bridges between core and periphery states. Globalization has led to Azerbaijan's integration into the global economic system as a semi-peripheral country. This has resulted in increased trade and investment, which in turn has led to the development of transportation infrastructure and the expansion of transportation networks.

ANALISIS SKALABILITAS APLIKASI SMART PARKING MELALUI PENERAPAN CLEAN ARCHITECTURE

This research aims to enhance the capabilities of smart parking applications with a focus on scalability, organized structure, and ease of maintenance. We adopt the principles of Clean Architecture to separate functional layers and ensure clear isolation between business logic and specific implementations. The implementation of Clean Architecture in smart parking demonstrates a structured approach with high cohesion and component independence. Tools such as freezed, Dio, and Bloc pattern contribute to the development that is maintainable and extensible. This study provides practical insights into the application of Clean Architecture in real-life scenarios, emphasizing structured features' core and efficient state management with the Bloc pattern. This approach illustrates how Clean Architecture can be effectively applied to achieve scalability, good organization, and ease of maintenance in developing smart parking applications.

Oligomerization states of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase core and holoenzymes.

During the past few decades, a wealth of knowledge has been made available for the transcription machinery in bacteria from the structural, functional and mechanistic point of view. However, comparatively little is known about the homooligomerization of the multisubunit M. tuberculosis RNA polymerase (RNAP) enzyme and its functional relevance. While E. coli RNAP has been extensively studied, many aspects of RNAP of the deadly pathogenic M. tuberculosis are still unclear. We used biophysical and biochemical methods to study the oligomerization states of the core and holoenzymes of M. tuberculosis RNAP. By size exclusion chromatography and negative staining Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies and quantitative analysis of the TEM images, we demonstrate that the in vivo reconstituted RNAP core enzyme (α2ββ'ω) can also exist as dimers in vitro. Using similar methods, we also show that the holoenzyme (core + σA) does not dimerize in vitro and exist mostly as monomers. It is tempting to suggest that the oligomeric changes that we see in presence of σA factor might have functional relevance in the cellular process. Although reported previously in E. coli, to our knowledge we report here for the first time the study of oligomeric nature of M. tuberculosis RNAP in presence and absence of σA factor.

The Political Economy of Trade, Work and Economy: De-globalization – or Re-globalization?

Abstract What forces will shape the global future? We begin with discussion of the central roles of globalization and the ecologically destructive Anthropocene and then move onto more current popular and political debates about questions of unchallengeable globalization versus de-globalization and re-globalization. We side with the former. The broad story is how historical global capitalism, with different leading core states or hegemons, inexorably pushed global society into an increasingly tight related connected world-economy, meshed together by commodity webs and supply chains that linked increasingly far-flung locations, geologies, landscapes, and ecosystems. The vision is one of a world-system, embedded to a large degree on market and nation-state capitalism and political power, conflict, and cooperation, that grows more and more tightly integrated, spatially widespread, and ecologically destructive as it expanded for six hundred years. We disagree with a fundamental “break” from the old political economy view. In fact, we are confident that today’s current Anthropocene global consciousness remains – with major concern with climate change and worldwide pandemics. There is little doubt that worldwide globalization is not only needed but essentially inescapable.

Forced exit from the joint-decision trap: US power and the harmonisation of company taxation in the EU

ABSTRACT EU member states have traditionally opposed the harmonisation of company taxation to preserve national sovereignty over a core state power. Accordingly, legislation and case law were marked by negative integration enforcing the free circulation of capital. Tax avoidance and competition intensified, entrenching interest heterogeneity among small low-tax and large normal-tax member states. In December 2022, however, the Council of the EU introduced an effective minimum tax and harmonised the calculation of taxable corporate profits. Why did member states exit the joint-decision trap in company taxation? I show that external pressure from the US government was decisive. Whereas previous proposals for harmonisation failed in the Council despite impeccable orchestration by the Commission and historically high levels of politicisation, the Directive on effective minimum taxation passed despite declining politicisation and little Commission involvement. Instead, the Biden administration clinched a deal on global minimum taxation with large member states and helped enforce it at EU level through bilateral pressure on opponents. By facilitating EU implementation of global minimum taxation, the Biden administration hoped to foster Congressional adoption of corresponding reforms. Hence, exits from the joint-decision trap can result from external pressure, whereas governments may enforce international agreements to exploit policy feedback.

UTILIZING MIND MAPPING TO ENHANCE WRITING SKILLS AND CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING THROUGH CREATIVE WRITING WORKSHOPS

Abstract: This community service project is a collaboration between the Faculty of Language and Arts, Jakarta State University, and the Cisaat Village Government, initiated by the English Literature Program in collaboration with the Visual Arts Education Program of the Faculty of Language and Arts, Jakarta State University. This community service project was conducted in Cilimus Village with the aim of enhancing participants' writing skills and their understanding of their own culture through a cultural knowledge strategy via creative writing training based on local wisdom, employing the technique of mind mapping. The subjects of this community service project were 17 students from Junior High School and Senior High School. The mind mapping technique was applied as a tool to organize ideas from Cilimus Village into creative writing pieces. The evaluation of the writing was carried out using a narrative writing rubric based on the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) W.7.3, assessing students' abilities in effective and comprehensive narrative writing. The evaluation results showed an increase in the number of participants who achieved a minimum score of 20 points, totaling 80% of all participants. The outcome of this community service project is creative writing by the young generation of Cilimus Village that reflects the cultural values and uniqueness of Cilimus Village, contributing to the preservation and promotion of Cilimus Village's cultural heritage.

Grüneisen parameter formalism in the study of the Earth’s core formation: a sensitivity study

SUMMARY The Grüneisen parameter is an important parameter for the thermal state and evolution of the core, but its uncertainties and their implications are sometimes overlooked. Several formalisms using different parameters values have been used in different studies, making comparison between studies difficult. In this paper, we use previously published data sets to test the sensitivity of modelling the thermal state of the early core to the different formalisms and parameter values used to describe the evolution of the Grüneisen parameter with density. The temperature of the core obtained in our models is less sensitive to the uncertainties of the parameters used in Al’Tshuler et al. formalism than the uncertainties of the parameters used in Anderson formalism.

Architectural and Technological Approaches for Efficient Energy Management in Multicore Processors

Benchmarks play an essential role in the performance evaluation of novel research concepts. Their effectiveness diminishes if they fail to exploit the available hardware of the evaluated microprocessor or, more broadly, if they are not consistent in comparing various systems. An empirical analysis of the consecrated Splash-2 benchmarks suite vs. the latest version Splash-4 was performed. It was shown that on a 64-core configuration, half of the simulated benchmarks reach temperatures well beyond the critical threshold of 105 °C, emphasizing the necessity of a multi-objective evaluation from at least the following perspectives: energy consumption, performance, chip temperature, and integration area. During the analysis, it was observed that the cores spend a large amount of time in the idle state, around 45% on average in some configurations. This can be exploited by implementing a predictive dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique called the Simple Core State Predictor (SCSP) to enhance the Intel Nehalem architecture and to simulate it using Sniper. The aim was to decrease the overall energy consumption by reducing power consumption at core level while maintaining the same performance. More than that, the SCSP technique, which operates with core-level abstract information, was applied in parallel with a Value Predictor (VP) or a Dynamic Instruction Reuse (DIR) technique, which rely on instruction-level information. Using the SCSP alone, a 9.95% reduction in power consumption and an energy reduction of 10.54% were achieved, maintaining the performance. By combining the SCSP with the VP technique, a performance increase of 8.87% was obtained while reducing power and energy consumption by 3.13% and 8.48%, respectively.

Goal-oriented inference of environment from redundant observations

The agent learns to organize decision behavior to achieve a behavioral goal, such as reward maximization, and reinforcement learning is often used for this optimization. Learning an optimal behavioral strategy is difficult under the uncertainty that events necessary for learning are only partially observable, called as Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). However, the real-world environment also gives many events irrelevant to reward delivery and an optimal behavioral strategy. The conventional methods in POMDP, which attempt to infer transition rules among the entire observations, including irrelevant states, are ineffective in such an environment. Supposing Redundantly Observable Markov Decision Process (ROMDP), here we propose a method for goal-oriented reinforcement learning to efficiently learn state transition rules among reward-related “core states” from redundant observations. Starting with a small number of initial core states, our model gradually adds new core states to the transition diagram until it achieves an optimal behavioral strategy consistent with the Bellman equation. We demonstrate that the resultant inference model outperforms the conventional method for POMDP. We emphasize that our model only containing the core states has high explainability. Furthermore, the proposed method suits online learning as it suppresses memory consumption and improves learning speed.

Fostering engaging online learning experiences: Investigating situational interest and mind-wandering as mediators through learning experience design

Traditionally, learning among young students has taken place within structured, physical classroom settings. However, the emergence of distance learning has introduced a diverse range of learning methods, including online, hybrid, and blended approaches. When the COVID-19 pandemic led to extended delays in in-person instruction, use of educational technologies such as asynchronous videos and online platforms were deployed to deliver mathematics curricula aligned with the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), though best practices for teaching mathematics asynchronously are not well studied. This study focuses on exploring the effectiveness of a math course on proportional reasoning that was co-designed, developed, and deployed in 5th and 6th grade Orange County classrooms. Examining the learning experience design (LXD) paradigm, this research focuses on discerning its influence on (n = 303) children's engagement during their involvement in an online, video-based math course. LXD is implemented by combining evidence-based pedagogical instructional design with human-centered user experience (UX) design. The study utilized a structural equation model to analyze the relationships between learners' user experiences, situational interest, mind-wandering, and online engagement. The results demonstrated significant direct effects between students' situational interest, user experience, and their level of online engagement. Findings also indicate that students' situational interest and mind-wandering significantly mediate the relationship between their user experiences and online engagement. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for researchers, designers, and instructors. By combining evidenced-based pedagogical learning design with human-centered user experience design, LX designers can promote situational interest, reduce mind-wandering, and increase engagement in elementary mathematics courses conducted in asynchronous online settings.

Integration through Expansive Unification: The Birth of the European Health Union

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic pushed the European Union (EU) to centralize several public health functions. With the European Health Union (EHU) initiative, four reforms have been adopted to strengthen the EU’s health security framework: the extension of the European Medicines Agency and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control’s mandates, the creation of the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority, and the upgrading of the Decision on serious cross-border threats to health. This article analyses the reconfiguration of authority patterns resulting from these reforms. It argues that the EHU exemplifies a distinct mode of integration (expansive unification) in which national sovereignty is not transferred to the center but is jointly exercised at the center. This mode of integration is suitable for capacity building in core state domains when functional needs confront reluctance from constituent units to surrender control.

Growth hegemony and post-growth futures: A complex hegemony approach

Abstract To date, the vast majority of post-growth thinking has been focused on explaining why a post-growth transition is needed and the policies this would entail. Less attention, in contrast, has been paid to the relations of power and structural mechanisms through which ‘growth hegemony’ is continuously reproduced, and even less to the mechanisms, counter-hegemonic strategies, and coalitions that could plausibly drive post-growth transitions in core states of the world-system. This article will explore these issues through the lens of Neo-Gramscian theory, particularly the ‘complex hegemony’ framework developed by Alex Williams. From this perspective, rather than reducing growth to capitalist relations of production (as Marxists typically do), we should instead frame it as an emergent hegemonic structure and process shaped by the reciprocally determining forces of political economy, ideology, and militarisation. I will argue that this approach provides more insight into the messiness of possible post-growth futures – which may confound neat binaries such as capitalism/socialism – as well as the mechanisms and struggles through which the world-system might be pushed in post-growth directions.

Constitutionalism in Russia. From Special Modes of Governance to Constitutional Normalcy

Abstract The 30th anniversary of the Russian Constitution is an occasion to reflect and reaffirm the principles of constitutionalism in current challenging conditions. Its adoption was not the result of the democratic process that started in 1990 and continued through 1992, but rather the outcome of a drawn-out violent struggle in 1993. Russia still lives as if in a state of exception. A coalition of ruling interests rather than a living constitutionalism set government policy and strategy. The 2020 constitutional amendment has strengthened the special mode of governance, thus exacerbating pre-existing deformities. Yet what is to be done? The author, member of parliament and Executive Secretary of the Constitutional Commission of the Congress of People’s Deputies from 1990 to 1993, calls for a shared civic constitutional identity. This can be achieved by building up a balanced constitutional normalcy within the framework of peaceful coexistence between all socio-political groups. He argues that constitutionalism is a wellspring of social stability and government legitimacy. The recognition of traditional values as universal constitutional values may provide an opportunity for building bridges in a divided society, reinvigorating core state institutions, expanding democratic participation, and reviving public debate, co-operation and oversight.