Core Stability Training Research Articles

태권도 선수의 운동기능 향상을 위한 트레이닝 방법 분석

Purpose: To suggest the development and application of the training program and the direction of follow-up research by systematically reviewing the previous literatures that include the training program for Taekwondo athletes. Method: From 2010 to December 2020, search databases (RISS, KISS) were used, the risk of bias in randomized studies was evaluated using the RoB (Risk of Bias) tool, and the effect size estimation was performed using Rev Man Manager (Version 5.4.1). was used. Results: A total of 1097 studies were searched and eight studies were finally included after all review process. The results are as follows: 1) Flexibility: Effect Size (ES) of core stabilization training is 1.76, 2) Strength: ES of core stabilization training on strength is 2.39, 3) Muscle endurance: ES of core stabilization training is 1.60, 4) Reflex: ESs of plyometric training and weight training are 1.23~1.26 and 1.46, repectively, and 5) Isokinetic muscle strength: ESs of weight training and plyometric training are 1.21 and 1.60~2.46, respectively. Conclusion: 1) Plyometric training was effective in improving flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, agility, isokinetic muscle function, and maximal oxygen intake. 2) Core stabilization training was effective in improving flexibility, strength, and muscular endurance. 3) Underwater training was effective in improving isokinetic muscle function. 4) Weight training was effective in improving reflex and isokinetic muscle function.

Perbandingan Pengaruh Latihan Core Stability Dengan Zig Zag Run Terhadap Agility Pada Pemain Sepak Bola Cabang Aceh Barat Daya

As a soccer athlete, having good agility has several advantages, including being easy to perform difficult movements, not easily falling and causing injury. Agility can be improved with core stability exercises and zig zag runs. This experiment was indentified to find out the difference in the effect of core stability training with zig zag run on increasing agility in Southwest Aceh soccer players in 2021. Respondent of this experiment are 16 people (n=16) met the inclusion criteria with 8 people in the core stability group and 8 people in the zig zag run group. The research method used is a quasi-experimental approach with two groups of pre and post test designs. The data collected was first tested for normality with the Shapiro Wilk test (n=<50), the results obtained were 0.179 (preZigzag), 0.321 (preCoreStability) meaning the data was normally distributed (p>0.05). Then the homogeneity test was carried out with the Levene test, the value (sig) of 0.863 (p>0.05) means that there is a similarity of variance (homogeneous) between groups. Statistical analysis in both groups used Paired Sample t-test and obtained a sig value for the core Stability group of 0.000 and for the Zigzag Run group of 0.000, it can be concluded that there was a difference after being given treatment in each treatment group (p <0.05). Different test of the effect of post test core Stability and zigzag Run using the Independent Sample t-test and obtained a value (sig) of 0.015. So it can be concluded that there is a difference between the treatment of group I and group II (p<0.05). The conclusion is a difference in the effect of core stability and zigzag run training on increasing agility in soccer players.

An Experimental Study of the Effect of a Six-week Progressive Core Stability Training on Dynamic Balance and Agility in Male Students of Badminton

An Experimental Study of the Effect of a Six-week Progressive Core Stability Training on Dynamic Balance and Agility in Male Students of Badminton

Investıgatıon of the effect of ısometrıc core strength traınıng in addıtıon to basıc basketball traınıngs on explosıve power in chıldren aged 9-17

Background and Study Aim. With its dynamic and constantly changing characteristics, basketball, which requires more than one movement, is one of the most preferred and popular team sports in the world. It is important to know that basketball requires programs based on speed, agility and strength fitness components, in which endurance and strength parameters are predominant. In this context, resistance training, which provides skill excellence and increased muscle strength, is important for basketball players. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of 4-week specific core training applied to pre-adolescent and adolescent children who do basic basketball training on explosive strength.
 Material and Methods. A total of 16 [Control Group (CG): n=8; Experimental Group (EG): n=8] individuals (age 13.29 ± 1.96 years) who did not have any health problems from basketball school and continued basketball basic training were included in the study. The groups continued their usual basketball basic training program (2 days a week, 60 minutes a day). However, in addition to the basic training program, the experimental group was subjected to an isometric training program for 12-minute core strengthening. Training programs were made for a total of 4 weeks. We examined the effects of core training on speed, vertical jump and agility parameters. Statistical analyzes of the data obtained as a result of the research were obtained using the IBM SPSS 23.0 package program.
 Results. There was no difference between the groups for sprint and vertical jump parameters of core and basic basketball training (p>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in favor of EG in the agility test analysis results (p<0.05). As a result, we can say that 4-week core training applied in addition to the basic basketball training program in children improves agility characteristics.
 Conclusions. The findings showed that core training programs have positive effects on explosive strength parameters. In addition, strengthening the core area significantly improved the agility parameter, which is important in ground-direction changes. This, in parallel with the studies, supported that core training programs should be an integral part of other training programs. This study also showed that core stabilization training applied in a short time improves explosive strength parameters in children.

Comparison of the effect of 4 weeks core stability training and foot intrinsic muscle training on foot posture

Persons with pronated feet may be prone to more injuries than these with normal feet. As it disrupts the body’s natural alignment and causes increased impact when the foot strikes the ground. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of 4-week core stability training and foot intrinsic muscle training on foot posture in females. Twenty-six females with pronated feet were randomly divided into two groups. The group A performed the core stability training (n=13) and the group B performed the foot intrinsic muscle training (n=13) for four weeks with frequency of 5 sessions per week. Foot Posture Index, McGill protocol, weight distribution and foot load response were assessed at the baseline and at the end of four weeks. Dependent t-test was used to check the differences within the group before and after the program. Independent t-test was used to compare the differences between groups after the intervention.

Effects of core stability training on older women with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundStudies have demonstrated that elderly people with low back pain (LBP) may have poor postural control compared to healthy older adults. Poor postural control is associated with poor balance performance and a high risk of serious falls. A variety of training strategies are proposed for LBP therapy, particularly core stabilization training. But this treatment for older people with LBP remains unclear.Methods31 participants were randomly placed in a core stability training group (TG, n = 15) and a control group (CG, n = 16). The participants in the training group were required to complete 4 sets of core stability training and conventional physiotherapy 4 times per week for 4 weeks, whereas the participants in the control group only completed physiotherapy 4 times per week for 4 weeks. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure transverse abdominal muscle (TrA) thickness before and after the intervention. A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and mobility functions were applied before and after the intervention. Data are reported as the median and range and were compared using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA,t-tests and chi-squared tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant in all statistical tests.ResultsAfter intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in scores in the intervention group, especially for VAS, ODI, timed up-and-go,10-m walking and the four-square step test. TrA thickness was increased after core stability training, which was not observed in the control group.ConclusionCore stability training is an effective intervention for older women with LBP.

Effect of core stabilization exercises in addition to conventional therapy in improving trunk mobility, function, ambulation and quality of life in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundStroke is a major cause of disability with mainly affecting trunk mobility and function. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of core stabilization exercises versus conventional therapy on trunk mobility, function, ambulation, and quality of life of stroke patients.DesignAssessor blinded randomized control trial.SettingIbrahim polyclinic—Shadman, Ch Muhammad Akram teaching hospital-Raiwind, Rasheed hospital-Defence.SubjectsChronic ischemic stroke patients.InterventionControl group (n = 21) underwent conventional treatment for stroke for 40 min/ day, 5 times/ week for 8 weeks. Experimental group (n = 20) received core stability training for additional 15 min along with conventional treatment.Main measuresMain outcome measures were Trunk impairment scale (TIS), functional ambulation category (FAC), stroke specific quality of life (SSQOL) and trunk range of motion (ROM).ResultsThe differences between the control group and experimental group post-treatment were statistically significant for trunk impairment, functional ambulation, quality of life, and frontal plane trunk motion (p-value < 0.05) with higher mean values for core stabilization training. The frontal plane trunk mobility and rotation showed non-significant differences post-treatment (p-value > 0.05).ConclusionThis study concluded that core stabilization training is better as compared to the conventional physical therapy treatment for improving trunk impairments, functional ambulation and quality of life among patients of stroke. The core stabilization training is also more effective in improving trunk mobility in sagittal plane. This study is registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20210614051578N1 and was approved by the local research ethics committee of Riphah International University.

The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise After Lumbar Fusion Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of the study was to review the effect of exercise interventions in patients after lumbar fusion surgery. It was sought to reveal the effect of exercise protocols on various clinical parameters. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. "Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (ROB 2)" and "The Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX)" were used to evaluate the bias risk and quality assessment, respectively. A literature search yielded 1595 studies. After the procedures, eight and three studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. TESTEX scores of the studies ranged from 4 to 10 (median: 7.50). The majority (n = 5) of the studies' bias risk was classified as "some concerns" in ROB 2. The superiority of trunk-stabilization training was controlled in two studies. The most focused (n = 3) intervention was cognitive therapy plus exercise. Evidence proved that cognitive therapy plus exercise intervention was not superior to only exercise therapy on long-term pain (effect size [ES]: 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.44 to 1.47) and quality-of-life (ES: 1.34, 95% CI: -4.12 to 1.13) level. On the other hand, low-quality evidence demonstrated that cognitive therapy plus exercise yielded better results on long-term disability (ES: 0.78, 95% CI: -0.27 to 2.78) and kinesiophobia (ES: 0.14, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.67). The systematic review results demonstrated that cognitive therapy or consultation during the exercise program provides better outcomes in lumbar fusion surgery over exercise alone. Positive effects of core stabilization training on muscle strength and endurance were observed in the short term; however, this superiority was not the case in long-term studies. Meta-analysis results proved the positive effect of additional cognitive therapy to exercise on disability and kinesiophobia.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNBALANCED CORE STRENGTHENING AND INJURIES IN DANCESPORT ATHLETES

ABSTRACT Introduction: The set of muscles in the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex is called the core. The core is located in the body's center of gravity. Dancesport require aligned trunk movements and permanent stabilization between the spine and pelvis. Despite few studies, the relationship between unbalanced core strengthening and injuries in dancesport is investigated. Objective: Study the relationship between unbalanced core strengthening and muscle strength in dancesport athletes. Methods: An experiment was conducted with 60 students from dance schools. They were randomly divided between an experimental group and a control group, with 30 people each. Each group included 15 males and 15 females. The experimental group used unilateral core stability training. The control group used traditional core stability training. Results: The results showed that the quality of action improved significantly after core strength training (P &lt;0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Core strengthening can improve balance ability in athletes. There was no statistical difference between the training, with similar positive balance ability and explosion strength effects in the athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Effects of Core Stability Training on Fine Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study from Shriners Hospital

Effects of Core Stability Training on Fine Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study from Shriners Hospital

The Effect of Eight-Week Functional Core Training on Core Stability in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

It is suggested that core stability (CS) might improve rhythmic gymnasts’ performance. Nevertheless, the effect of core stability training (CST) in CS performance is not clear. Purpose: Evaluating the effect of an eight-week functional CST on young rhythmics gymnasts’ CS performance. Method: A sample of 45 young female rhythmic gymnasts from a competitive team (age = 10.5 ± 1.8 years, height = 144.1 ± 10.6 cm, weight 38.2 ± 8.9 kg, peak height velocity (PHV) = 12.2 ± 0.6 years) participated in the study. The participants were randomly allocated into the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) and completed pre-tests and post-tests of specific CS tests using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). The CS was assessed by the bent knee fall out (BKFO), the active straight leg raise (ASLR) tests and the pelvic tilt test, all performed on the right and left sides. The EG (n = 23) performed an eight-week functional CST program based on rhythmic gymnastics (RG) technical requirements added to the traditional RG training sessions. Meanwhile, the CG (n = 22) received the traditional RG training sessions. Results: Mixed model analysis showed non-significant interaction effects; however, the ANOVA omnibus test showed a time effect (p < 0.05) in right BKFO (F1,42 = 4.60; p = 0.038) and both pelvic tilt tests (right F1,42 = 22.01, p < 0.001; left F1,42 = 19.13, p < 0.001). There were non-significant interaction effects. The fixed effects estimated parameters for right BKFO showed that both groups had less pressure variation after intervention compared with pre-intervention (β = −1.85 mmHg, 95%CI = [−3.54 to −0.16], t42 = −2.14, p = 0.038). Furthermore, the left pelvic tilt (β = 37.0 s, 95%CI = [20.4 to 53.6], t42 = 4.37, p < 0.001) improved 8.9 s more than the right pelvic tilt (β = 28.1 s, 95%CI = [16.3 to 39.8], t42 = 4.69, p < 0.001) considering both groups together. Conclusions: Adding a functional CST to regular training showed a trend in improving the performance of CS-related variables, which could help improve RG-specific performance. Coaches working with rhythmic gymnasts should consider adding a functional CST to regular training to improve CS performance leading to increased specific RG performance.

The effects of balance and core stability training on postural control in people with visual impairment: A systematic review

Visual impairment is one of the most common functional impairments that considerably affects the postural control process and the ability to maintain balance. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review concerning the effects of balance and core stability training on postural control in individuals who are visually impaired. This article comprehensively reviewed studies on balance in individuals who are blind from the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2007 to 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were people who were blind or visually impaired (acquired and congenital), men and women, all ages, and at least 6 weeks balance or core stability training program. Twelve articles were included in this review. Individuals with visual impairment and blindness from all ages were included in this study. According to this review, all balance and core stability protocols in this article have positive effects on balance and postural control for individuals with visual impairments. Therefore, balance and core stability intervention for at least 6 weeks is one of the more well-established protocols for improving balance and postural control in people with visual impairment and can have a positive impact in risk of falling regardless of age, gender, or severity of visual impairment.

The Effect of Combined and Core Stability Training Program with Protective Measures on Selected Variables of Physical Fitness of Junior and Young Volleyball Players during the Coronavirus Pandemic

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined and core stability training program with protective measures on selected variables of physical fitness of junior and young volleyball players during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: 15 male volleyball players [18±1.06 yrs.] after the end of the first quarantine period and then after a 12 weeks period of combined and core stability training program emphasizing on physical fitness exercises in compliance with all health protocols, as pre-test and post-test of selected key factors, performed physical fitness including lower limb strength, upper limb and abdomen endurance, as well as flexibility tests. Descriptive statistics, Shapirovik test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (p≤ 0.05). Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the variables of upper limb and trunk muscle endurance as well as muscle flexibility, but in the lower limb strength variable, this difference was not observed in both pre-test and post-test levels. Conclusion: Volleyball coaches and players can benefit from combination and core stability training with health protocols to maintain and improve fitness during the coronavirus epidemic.

Concurrent Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of The Core Stability Test Using Ultrasound Imaging and Electromyography Measurements

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To establish the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the formal test. <h3>Design</h3> Two-group test-retest reliability design. <h3>Setting</h3> 1) A certified physical therapist uses a formal test as a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) to classify the participants into core stability groups and instability groups. 2) Perform a formal test on each group and measure the thickness of abdominal muscles with real-time ultrasound (US). 3) Investigate the correlation between the thickness of abdominal muscles and PBU pressure. 4) Re-measure after 24 hours to verify test-retest reliability. <h3>Participants</h3> 11 young adults with core instability (8 men and 3 women) were able to successfully perform the formal test three consecutive times and completed the abdominal draw-in maneuver core stabilization training augmented by PBU-US-EMG feedback, for 20 minutes a day, 7 days a week, over two weeks.11 young adults with core stability (8 men and 3 women) were unable to successfully perform the formal test three consecutive times. <h3>Interventions</h3> No intervention. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> 1) Real-time US and surface EMG to measure the thickness of deep abdominal and superficial trunk muscle activity. 2) PBU pressure under the abdomen. <h3>Results</h3> The Pearson's correlation analysis showed an excellent correlation between transverse abdominal (TrA) thickness and PBU pressure as well as internal oblique (IO) thickness and PBU pressure, ranging from r=0.856 – 0.980, P < 0.05. The test-retest reliability was good, ICC1,2 = 0.876 for the core stability pressure measure and ICC1,2 = 0.939 to 0.989 for the abdominal muscle thickness measure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings demonstrate that the formal test, using a PBU and real-time US imaging without confirming the minimal contraction of superficial trunk muscles, as evidenced by EMG, leads to incorrect results. For example, such results in adults or individuals with core instability pathology ultimately influence rehabilitation programs designed to improve core stability. Therefore, the combination of a PBU, real-time US, and surface EMG measurements may help obtain more reliable results from the formal tests and better understand the neuromuscular control mechanisms of core stability. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> There are no conflicts.

Pain Neuroscience Education and Motor Control Exercises versus Core Stability Exercises on Pain, Disability, and Balance in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background: Several interventions have been used to relieve chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study aimed to compare the effects of pain neuroscience education (PNE) followed by motor control exercises (MCEs) with core stability training (CST) on pain, disability, and balance in women with CLBP. Methods: Thirty-seven women with CLBP were randomly divided into two groups of PNE/MCE (n = 18, 55.2 ± 2.6 years) or CST (n = 19, 54.6 ± 2.4 years). Eight weeks of PNE/MCE or CST were prescribed for each group, independently. Pain intensity (VAS scale), disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), unipodal static balance, and dynamic balance (time up and go test) were measured at the beginning and 8 weeks after the intervention. Two-way mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the results with alpha of 5%. Results: After 8 weeks, there was a significant difference in VAS scale between groups (p = 0.024), with both PNE/MCE and CST showing 58% and 42% reductions, respectively. There were no differences for all other variables between groups. Regarding pre- to post-comparisons, both groups showed improvements in all dependent variables (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The treatment with PNE/MCE was more effective in improving pain disability and unipodal static and dynamic balance than treatment with CST. Even so, both treatments were shown to be valid and safe in improving all dependent variables analyzed in women with CLBP.

Core stability training combined with acupuncture in treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain: a prospective randomized controlled trial

To investigate the clinical effect of core stability training combined with acupuncture in the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain (CLBP). Seventy-five CLBP patients were randomly divided into experimental group (n=38) and control group (n=37) according to a random number table. Patients in the control group were required to perform core stability training, whereas those in the experimental group received core stability training combined with fire needle acupuncture, once every two days, three times per week, for four successive weeks. The Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS), lumbar muscular endurance index, clinical efficacy, as well as average electromyographic (AEMG), root mean square (RMS), median frequency (MF), and average median frequency (AMF) values during multifidus muscle contraction in the two groups before and after the treatment were compared. After treatment, ODI, VAS, MF, and AMF of the two groups were lower than those before the treatment (P<0.01), while the lumbar static and dynamic muscular endurance, AEMG, and RMS values were higher (P<0.01). The ODI, VAS, MF, and AMF of the experimental group significantly declined as compared with those of the control group (P<0.01), whereas the lumbar static and dynamic muscular endurance, AEMG, and RMS values were elevated (P<0.01). The total effective rate of the experimental group was 97.14%(34/35), higher than 85.71%(30/35) of the control group(P<0.01). Core stability training combined with acupuncture effectively enhances lumbar muscular endurance, improves electromyographic signals of multifidus muscle and lumbar function, and relieves pain, implying the good efficacy of such combined therapy in treating CLBP.

Comparing the Effects of Short-Term Liuzijue Exercise and Core Stability Training on Balance Function in Patients Recovering From Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

AimsLiuzijue Qigong (LQG) exercise is a traditional Chinese exercise method in which breathing and pronunciation are combined with movement guidance. Breathing is closely related to balance, and LQG, as a special breathing exercise, can be applied to balance dysfunction after stroke. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical effects of short-term LQG exercise on balance function in patients recovering from stroke.MethodsStroke patients were randomly divided into an Intervention Group (IG) (n = 80) and a Control Group (CG) (n = 80). The IG received conventional rehabilitation training plus LQG and the CG received conventional rehabilitation training plus Core Stability Training (CST). All patients received treatment once a day, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Secondary outcome measures were static standing and sitting balance with eyes open and closed, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and diaphragm thickness and mobility during quiet breath (QB) and deep breath (DB).ResultsCompared with the CG, the IG showed significant improvement in the BBS (10.55 ± 3.78 vs. 9.06 ± 4.50, P = 0.039), MPT (5.41 ± 4.70 vs. 5.89 ± 5.24, P = 0.001), MBI (12.88 ± 6.45 vs. 10.00 ± 4.84, P = 0.003), diaphragmatic mobility during QB (0.54 ± 0.73 vs. 0.33 ± 0.40, P = 0.01) and diaphragmatic mobility during DB (0.99 ± 1.32 vs. 0.52 ± 0.77, P = 0.003), Cop trajectory in the standing position with eyes open (−108.34 ± 108.60 vs. −89.00 ± 140.11, P = 0.034) and Cop area in the standing positions with eyes open (−143.79 ± 431.55 vs. −93.29 ± 223.15, P = 0.015), Cop trajectory in the seating position with eyes open (−19.95 ± 23.35 vs. −12.83 ± 26.64, P = 0.001) and Cop area in the seating position with eyes open (−15.83 ± 9.61 vs. −11.29 ± 9.17, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe short-term LQG combined with conventional rehabilitation training significantly improved the balance functions of stroke patients. It also improved static standing and sitting balance with the eyes open, diaphragm functions, maximum phonation time and the quality of daily life for stroke patients.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=25313&htm=4, Identifier: ChiCTR1800014864.

Effective Interventions for Improving Functional Movement Screen Scores Among "High-Risk" Athletes: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundThe Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMSTM) is a tool designed to screen a series of movements that aids in the identification of compensatory fundamental movement patterns, functional limitations, and asymmetrical movement patterns. A previous systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that athletes with an FMSTM score <13-14 are considered “high-risk” and are more likely to be injured. There are discrepancies regarding the efficacy of physical intervention programs in improving FMSTM scores.PurposeThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of physical intervention programs in increasing functional movement in “high-risk” athletes as measured by the FMSTM.Study DesignSystematic ReviewMethodsA computerized search was performed in 2019 according to PRISMA guidelines searching Embase, Science Direct, Ovid, and PubMed. The studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Modified Downs and Black checklist. Participant demographics, intervention routines, and FMSTM scores were extracted from the included studies.ResultsSix studies met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated a fair methodological quality. Comparisons across all studies revealed significant improvement in FMSTM scores following implementation of a variety of physical intervention programs. These programs included those that utilized functional training, foot muscle strengthening, Pilates, core stability training, and resistance movements. Despite variations in the corrective exercises performed, the number of training sessions, and the length of the intervention program, all studies demonstrated an increase in the total FMSTM score following program implementation.ConclusionThe included intervention programs significantly improved total FMSTM scores in “high-risk” athletes. Despite variations in the corrective exercises (interventions) performed, the number of training sessions, and the length of the program, all studies demonstrated a significant increase in the total FMSTM score following program implementation.

Effects of Core Stabilization Training on the Cobb Angle and Pulmonary Function in Adolescent Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Objective To observe the effects of core stabilization training on the Cobb angle, respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure, MIP; maximal expiratory pressure, MEP), and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity, FVC; forced expiratory volume, FEV1.0; FEV1.0/FVC%) in adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and offer practical-based evidence for the rehabilitation treatment for AIS patients. Methods 36 AIS patients were assigned to the core stability training (CST) group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18); the CST group participated in three sessions of core stabilization exercise per week for 12 weeks and the control group did not perform regular physical training during 12 weeks of study. Then, the Cobb angle, respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), and pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1.0, and FEV1.0/FVC%) were measured before and after core stabilization training. Results After 12 weeks of core stabilization training, compared with the pretest, the Cobb angle showed a significant decrease, FVC, FEV1, MIP, and MEP a significant increase (P < 0.01 respectively), and there was no statistical difference in FEV1/FVC in the CST group; there was no significant difference (P > 0.05 respectively) before and after an experiment in the control group except MEP decreased significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of core stabilization training, compared with the control group, the Cobb angle significantly decreased (P < 0.01), FVC, FEV1, MIP, and MEP significantly increased (P < 0.05 respectively) in the CST group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05, respectively) in FEV1/FVC between the control group and CST group. Conclusions Core stabilization exercise can be considered to have a positive effect on the normal physiological curvature of the spine in AIS patients, as it decreases the Cobb angle and strengthens respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function.

Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training Versus Core Stability Training on Balance Problems in Older Adults

We proposed to compare the implications of inspiratory muscle training versus core stability on the stability of the elderly. A total of 75 older individuals were randomly and evenly split into three groups: (A) the core stability group (n=25) received core stability training plus traditional balance exercises, (B) the IMT group (n=25) received IMT training plus traditional balance exercises, (C) the control group (n=25) was assigned to undergo conventional balancing exercises. The evaluation process included both pre-and post-testing, which encompassed the measurement of the time taken to complete the Time Up and Go (TUG) test, as well as the 30 Second Chair Stand Test (30CST). Following eight weeks of training, there was a significant rise in TUG in group A (P&lt;0.05) and 30CST in both groups A and B (P&lt;0.05 and p=0.002), respectively. Post-training, a significant disparity in the TUG and 30CST scores across the three groups was found, with corresponding pvalues of 0.038 and 0.006. So it was concluded that Core muscle stability training with a traditional balance program improves stability in the elderly more than IMT training with a traditional balance program or traditional balance program alone.