Core-shell Nanorods Research Articles

Green and sustainable self-cleaning flexible SERS base: Utilized for cyclic-detection of residues on apple surface

Advances in flexible SERS substrates has made it possible to approach the ultimate goal of rapid in-situ monitoring of fruit and vegetable safety, but its vulnerability under laser ablation results in low utilization. In order to solve this problem, a 3D framework of TiO2-doped PVDF\\PVP polymer was utilized to self-assemble gold-silver core-shell nanorods (Au@Ag NRs) to prepare a flexible SERS substrate with good physical stability and self-cleaning properties. This substrate showed excellent detection limit and recyclability after the detection of three pesticide residues in apple peel. The LOD of methyl-parathion (MP) was as low as 0.037 ng/cm2, with an RSD of 5.61 % for 5 cycle-detection. The recoveries of two additional pesticides thiram (TMTD) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) were 86.32 %−112.47 %. We hoped that this research will contribute to providing a recyclable and facile method for in-situ analysis of fruit and vegetable surface residues and functional manufacture of flexible SERS substrates.

Electronic and optical properties of core-shell InAlN nanorods: a comparative study via LDA, LDA-1/2, mBJ, HSE06, G0W0 and BSE methods.

Currently, self-induced InAlN core-shell nanorods enjoy an advanced stage of accumulation of experimental data from their growth and characterization as well as a comprehensive understanding of their formation mechanism by the ab initio modeling based on Synthetic Growth Concept. However, their electronic and optical properties, on which most of their foreseen applications are expected to depend, have not been investigated comprehensively. GW and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) are regarded as the state-of-the-art ab initio methodologies to study these properties. However, one of the major drawbacks of these methods is the computational cost, much higher than density-functional theory (DFT). Therefore, in many applications, it is highly desirable to answer the question of how well approaches based on DFT, such as e.g. the local density approximation (LDA), LDA-1/2, the modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) and the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06) functionals, can be employed to calculate electronic and optical properties with reasonable accuracy. In the present paper, we address this question, investigating how effective the DFT-based methodologies LDA, LDA-1/2, mBJ and HSE06 can be used as approximate tools in studies of the electronic and optical properties of scaled down models of core-shell InAlN nanorods, thus, avoiding GW and BSE calculations.

Plasmon resonances of GZO core-Ag shell nanospheres, nanorods, and nanodisks for biosensing and biomedical applications in near-infrared biological windows I and II.

There is currently a great deal of interest in realizing localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in two distinct windows in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum for in vivo biosensing and medical applications, the biological window (BW) I and II (BW I, 700-900 nm; BW II, 1000-1700 nm). This study aims to demonstrate that LSPRs of Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) core-silver (Ag) shell structures exhibit promising features for biological applications in the NIR BW I and II. Here, we study three different shapes for nanoshells: the core-shell nanosphere, nanorod, and nanodisk. In the calculation of the optical response of these nanoshells, an effective medium approach is first used to reduce the dielectric function of a nanoshell to that of an equivalent homogenous NP with an effective dielectric function. Then, the LSPR spectra of nanoshells are calculated using the modified long-wavelength approximation (MLWA), which corrects the polarizability of the equivalent NP as obtained by Gans theory. Through numerical investigations, we examine the impacts of the core and shell sizes of the proposed nanoshells as well as the medium refractive index on the position and line width of the plasmon resonance peaks. It is shown that the plasmon resonances of the three proposed nanoshells exhibit astonishing resonance tunability in the NIR region by varying their geometrical parameters. Specifically, the improved spectrum characteristics and tunability of its plasmon resonances make the GZO-Ag nanosphere a more viable platform for NIR applications than the spherical metal colloid. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) of the plasmon resonances may be significantly increased by using GZO-Ag nanorods and nanodisks in place of GZO-Ag nanospheres. It is found that the optical properties of the transverse plasmon resonance of the GZO-Ag nanodisk are superior to all plasmon resonances produced by the GZO-Ag nanorods and GZO-Ag nanospheres in terms of sensitivity and FOM. The FOM of the transverse plasmon mode of the GZO-Ag nanodisk is almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of the longitudinal and transverse plasmon modes of the GZO-Ag nanorod in BW I and BW II. And it is 1.5 and 2 times higher than the plasmon resonance FOM of GZO-Ag nanospheres in BW I and BW II, respectively.

Oxygen vacancy-regulated nanorod array electrodes for boosting the electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia from nitrate wastewater.

The adsorption of nitrate is the key to enhancing the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR). Herein, a typical hydrolysis-coupled redox (HCR) reaction has been designed to prepare unique 3D Cu/Fe2O3 core-shell nanorod array cathodes with controllable oxygen vacancy concentrations for NitRR. The optimal Cu/Fe2O3-13 achieves a high nitrate conversion of 99.10% and ammonia selectivity of 98.30%. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the enhancement mechanism of OVs and a unique nanorod array structure with a high density of surface-exposed OVs and high-throughput transport pathways for ion-aspects.

The Zn Vacancy-Mediated De-Accumulation Based Process for Hydrogen Production Performance Promotion of 1D Zn─Cd─S Nanorods.

Due to their anisotropy, 1D semiconductor nanorod-based materials have attracted much attention in the process of hydrogen production by solar energy. Nevertheless, the rational design of 1D heterojunction materials and the modulation of photo-generated electron-hole transfer paths remain a challenge. Herein, a ZnxCd1-xS@ZnS/MoS2 core-shell nanorod heterojunction is precisely constructed via in situ growth of discontinuous ZnS shell and MoS2 NCs on the Zn─Cd─S nanorods. Among them, the Zn vacancy in the ZnS shell builds the defect level, and the nanoroelded MoS2 builds the electron transport site. The optimized photocatalyst shows significant photocatalytic activity without Platinum as an auxiliary catalyst, mainly due to the new interfacial charge transfer channel constructed by the shell vacancy level, the vertical separation and the de-accumulation process of photo-generated electrons and photo-generated holes. At the same time, spectral analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations fully prove that shortening difference of speed between the photogenerated electron and hole movement process is another key factor to enhance the photocatalytic performance. This study provides a new path for the kinetic design of enhanced carrier density by shortening the carrier retention time of 1D heterojunction photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic performance.

Work-function-induced interfacial built-in electric field optimized electronic structure of V-CoSx@NiTe as high capacity and robust electrode for supercapacitors

The pursuit of achieving high energy density and exceptional stability in supercapacitors presents both allure and challenge. Herein, we strategically engineered hierarchical V-CoSx@NiTe core-shell heterojunction nanorod arrays, with V-doped amorphous CoSx nanosheets as the shell and one-dimensional (1D) NiTe nanorods as the core on nickel foam (NF). Theoretical computations elucidated the disparate intrinsic work functions of V-CoSx and NiTe, culminating in a robust built-in electric field at the interface. This field orchestrated interfacial charge distribution, expediting electron transport and optimizing OH– adsorption. V doping enhanced electronic states density at the Fermi energy level of CoSx and introduced new reaction sites. Additionally, the good hydrophilic properties and unique hierarchical core-shell morphology of the amorphous V-CoSx@NiTe/NF electrodes were favorable for increasing the specific surface area, improving the structural stability and facilitating the diffusion of OH–. Consequently, V-CoSx@NiTe/NF attained an impressive areal capacitance of 10.52 F cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2, preserving energy storage performance, morphology, and composition across 15,000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device constructed with V-CoSx@NiTe/NF as the positive electrode and commercial activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode exhibited energy (power) density of 0.42 mWh cm−2 (1.63 mW cm−2), and maintained ∼100 % capacity after 10,000 cycles. Significantly, a single device powered both a fan and a light bulb, while two devices in series illuminated a blue light-emitting diode (LED) for up to 2 h. This investigation introduces an innovative strategy for designing high-performance supercapacitor anode materials.

Fabrication of large-area Au nanoparticle decorated ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell heterostructure nanorods for ppb-level NO2 gas sensing at room temperature

Metal-organic frameworks based heterostructures have gained wide attention recently for various applications. Specifically metal oxide and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocomposites have been synthesized for gas sensing with reasonable performance. In this work, large-area Au nanoparticle (NP) decorated ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell heterostructure nanorods (NRs) are synthesized for ppb-level UV-activated NO2 sensing at room temperature. Large-area ZnO NRs are first grown and ZIF-8 shells are subsequently formed on ZnO with the result of various types of ZnO@ZIF-8 NRs. The ZnO@3ZIF-8 NRs have the highest response and Au NPs are finally decorated on the NR surfaces. The ZnO@3ZIF-8/Au sensor shows high responses of 260% and 34700% toward 0.05 and 3.75 ppm NO2 gas, respectively. An excellent linear sensitivity of 95.1 ppm–1 has been achieved and the estimated lowest detection limit is 0.3 ppb. It is noteworthy that the linear dynamic range is extended by at least 8 times after ZIF-8 addition and the sensitivity is enhanced by 12 times after Au NP decoration. The sensor is also highly NO2 selective against other gases including NO, NH3, SO2, CO, CH3OH, CH2O, C2H5OH, and C3H6O. The excellent performance of the ZnO@3ZIF-8/Au sensor shows good potential for environmental NO2 sensing.

Enhancing the performance of Self-Powered Deep-Ultraviolet photoelectrochemical photodetectors by constructing α-Ga2O3@a-Al2O3 Core-Shell nanorod arrays for Solar-Blind imaging

With the advancement of Ga2O3-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photodetectors (PDs), the integration of PDs into array image sensors has become a sought-after objective. However, while solar-blind imaging research primarily revolves around solid-state Ga2O3-based PDs, there remains a significant gap in the exploration of novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) PDs for solar-blind imaging applications. In this study, self-powered solar-blind PEC-PDs with enhanced performance are fabricated based on α-Ga2O3@a-Al2O3 core–shell nanorod arrays (NRAs). Under DUV irradiation and without external bias, the α-Ga2O3@a-Al2O3 devices demonstrate remarkable superiority over α-Ga2O3 devices. When the light intensity was at 0.50 mW cm−2, the photocurrent density notably rises from 4.60 to 11.24 μA cm−2, accompanied by a corresponding increase in responsivity from 9.60 to 22.70 mA W−1. The enhanced performance is attributed to the α-Ga2O3@a-Al2O3 heterostructure, which establishes a built-in electric field facilitating the separation and directed transport of photogenerated carriers at the interface. Moreover, for the first time, a 5 × 5 matrix of α-Ga2O3@a-Al2O3 core–shell NRAs-based PEC-type PDs is employed to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for self-powered solar-blind imaging, capable of effectively capturing the shapes of the letters “C” and “N”. This work underscores the immense potential of Ga2O3-based PEC-type PDs for future large-area solar-blind imaging applications.

InN@In2S3 Core-Shell nanorod for oxygen-free and penetration depth-unrestricted photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is among the most promising antineoplastic protocols for glioblastoma (GBM). Nonetheless, GBM is a deep-seated intracranial tumor with a serious hypoxic microenvironment; thus, ensuring a sufficient light penetration depth and oxygen (O2) supply are crucial to achieving a positive therapeutic outcome against GBM using PDT. Herein, InN@In2S3 core–shell nanorods are designed to serve as novel and indispensable PDT agents for GBM treatment. Unlike other PDT agents, InN@In2S3 features wide and strong near-infrared absorption that may improve the penetration depth. Moreover, InN@In2S3 exhibits high electron–hole separation efficiency owing to its Ⅱ heterojunction. The separated holes catalyze the generation of O2 from H2O, thereby ensuring sufficient O2 supply for generating reactive oxygen species through a redox reaction between the generated O2 and separated electrons. Our study demonstrates an O2-free and penetration depth-unrestricted PDT strategy that will promote the clinical treatment of GBM with PDT.

S-scheme core-shell nanorods heterojunction of g-C3N4 quantum dots modified Er:WO3/CdS towards visible light H2 evolution via up-conversion fluorescence synergism

S-scheme core-shell nanorods heterojunction of Er:WO3/CdS/g-C3N4 QDs is fabricated via hydrothermal-chemical-annealing method. Er:WO3/CdS/g-C3N4 QDs S-scheme heterojunction exhibits prominent enhanced photocatalytic HER (∼1912.12 μmol g−1 h−1) and degradation than WO3 (no HER/∼5.0 folds), CdS (∼20 folds/∼3.5 folds) and g-C3N4 QDs (∼62 folds/∼4.0 folds). There, the Er:WO3/CdS S-scheme heterojunction with carrier quenching and greater potential gradient can improve carrier separation, the CdS with higher absorption and Er:WO3 with near-infrared up-conversion fluorescence can increase solar efficiency, the g-C3N4 QDs with high quantum yield can increase carrier injection, all these can optimize the carrier efficiency, including transportation increasing, lifetime prolonging, recombination decreasing, and can be supported by the DFT. In addition, the CdS nanoparticles shell and g-C3N4 QDs can provide vast active sites, the core-shell nanorods structure can provide carrier pathway to inhibit photocorrosion, while maintaining good stability.

CdS/COF core-shell nanorods with efficient chemisorption, enhanced carrier separation, and antiphotocorrosion ability for U(VI) photoreduction

CdS/COF core-shell nanorods with efficient chemisorption, enhanced carrier separation, and antiphotocorrosion ability for U(VI) photoreduction

Rational construction of hollow ZnO@SnS2 core-shell nanorods: A way to boost catalytic removal of Cr (VI) ions, antibiotic and industrial dyes

Herein, the novel hollow ZnO@SnS2 core-shell nanorods with variable shell thickness have been synthesized by a chemical synthesis approach. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images signified the creation of a hollow core-shell nanostructure. The SnS2 layer coating on ZnO nanorods broadens visible light absorption and suppresses near-band edge emission of ZnO nanorods. Interestingly, the band gap (optical) of the developed ZnO nanorods decreased from 3.3 eV to 2.1 eV after the coating of SnS2 shell. Consequently, the coated hollow ZnO@SnS2 core-shell nanorods displayed a significant enhancement in catalytic activity for the decomposition of toxic industrial dyes, pharmaceutical pollutant tetracycline, and Cr(VI) ion in comparison to hollow ZnO NRs. The photon-induced charge carrier generation and separation were confirmed by the three-electrode electrochemical amperometric analysis and impedance analysis under illumination of simulated solar light (AM 1.5, One Sun). Moreover, an exceptionally higher photocurrent generation (∼10 times higher than ZnO nanorod). The improved ZnO@SnS2 core shell NRs catalytic activity was attributed to its core-shell structure, proper band structure, and effective charge carrier transfer across the core shell interface. This work offers new insights for the design and growth of visible light-active core shell nanorods for resolving environmental pollution and photocurrent generation.

Self-Powered Wavelength-Dependent Dual-Polarity Response Photodetector Based on CdS@PEDOT:PSS@Au Sandwich-Structured Core-Shell Nanorod Arrays.

Self-powered operation and multifunctionality have significantly oriented the development of photodetectors (PDs), which could be realized through nanoarchitecture construction and energy band structure design. Herein, a self-powered wavelength-dependent dual-polarity response PD based on (CdS@PEDOT:PSS@Au) sandwich-structured core-shell nanorod arrays (NRAs) is proposed. The synthesis approach of this three-layer heterostructure consists of a hydrothermal reaction, spin coating, and thermal evaporation. The n-CdS/p-PEDOT:PSS junction and the PEDOT:PSS/Au Schottky junction at the interfaces provide two photocurrent driving forces in opposite directions, and their contribution to the net photocurrent is controlled by the incident light wavelength due to the different light absorption ranges of the CdS core and the PEDOT:PSS shell. As a result, the polarity of the photocurrent switches from negative to positive as the wavelength increases. In addition, the response speed of negative photocurrents (∼10 ms) is faster than that of positive photocurrents (∼100 ms), which is consistent with the underlying mechanism of the dual-polarity response. Furthermore, color discrimination and imaging capabilities are demonstrated by deploying the PDs as sensing pixels and recognizing green and red patterns. The sandwich-structured core-shell NRA heterojunction system introduces a novel idea for dual-polarity response PDs.

Enhancement of the Sensing Performance of Devices based on Multistimuli-Responsive Hybrid Materials.

Capturing environmental stimuli is an essential aspect of electronic skin applications in robotics and prosthetics. Sensors made of temperature- and humidity-responsive hydrogel and piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) core-shell nanorods have shown the necessary sensitivity. This is achieved by using highly conformal and substrate independent deposition methods for the ZnO and the hydrogel, i.e., plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). In this work, we demonstrate that the use of a multichamber reactor enables performing PEALD and iCVD, sequentially, without breaking the vacuum. The sequential deposition of uniform as well as conformal thin films responsive to force, temperature, and humidity improved the deposition time and quality significantly. Proper interlayer adhesion could be achieved via in situ interface activation, a procedure easily realizable in this unique multichamber reactor. Beyond the fabrication method, also the mechanical properties of the template used to embed the core-shell nanorods and the cross-linker density in the hydrogel were optimized following the results of finite element models. Finally, galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed how temperature and humidity stimuli have different effects on the device impedance and phase, and these differences can be the basis for stimuli recognition.

Defect engineering with N-doped carbon hybrid cobalt-molybdenum phosphide nanosheets wrapped molybdenum oxide nanorods for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction

Regulating the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance through defect engineering of the surface of the catalysts is an effective pathway. Herein, cobalt-molybdenum phosphide (CoMoP) nanosheets wrapped molybdenum oxide (MoO3) core–shell nanorods (MoO3@CoMoP), as alkaline electrocatalysts with ligand-derived N-doped carbon hybrid and oxygen-vacancies, were synthesized via solvothermal approaches and followed by phosphorization. As expected, the MoO3@MoCoP affords efficient HER with a low overpotential (η) of 84.2 ± 0.4 mV at 10 mA cm−2. After phosphorization, not only the MoCoP active species are incorporated into the catalyst, but also the defects sites are achieved. Impressively, the metal–ligand-derived MoCoP are distributed uniformly in the N-doped carbon hybrid matrix, exhibiting well-exposed active sites. Benefiting from the synergy effect of MoCoP active species and oxygen-vacancy, the MoO3@MoCoP showed increased conductivity and stability, which can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 over 40 h. MoO3@MoCoP exhibits an optimal electronic structure on the surface by charge redistribution at the interface, thereby optimizing the hydrogen adsorption energy and accelerating the hydrogen evolution kinetics. This work paves the way for the design of transition metal electrocatalysts with desirable properties through a promising strategy in the field of energy conversion.

Epitaxial growth triggered core-shell Pd@RuP nanorods for high-efficiency electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Ru with Pt-like hydrogen bond strength, knockdown cost (∼1/3 of Pt), and eximious stability is a competitive replacement for Pt-based catalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting. The design of Ru-based catalysts via interface construction, crystal phase control, and specific light element doping to realize the impressive promotion of limited activity and stability remains challenging. Herein, we report the fabrication of Pd@RuP core-shell nanorods (NRs) via an epitaxial growth method, where ultrathin RuP shells extend the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure and (111) plane of the Pd NRs core. Density functional theory results confirm that the core-shell interface engineering and P doping synergistically accelerate electron transfer and moderate the d-band center to generate a suitable affinity for H*, thus optimizing HER kinetics. Compared with Pd@Ru NRs and Pt/C, the Pd@RuP NRs exhibit preferable electrocatalytic stability and superior activity with a low overpotential of 18 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in the alkaline HER process. Furthermore, the integrated Pd@RuP//RuO2-based electrolyzer also displays a low operation potential of 1.42 V to acquire 10 mA cm−2, demonstrating great potential for practical water electrolysis. Our work presents an efficient avenue to design Ru-based electrocatalysts via epitaxial growth for extraordinary HER performance.

Synthesis and Assembly of Core–Shell Nanorods with High Quantum Yield and Linear Polarization

AbstractThe seeded growth method offers an efficient way to design core–shell semiconductor nanocrystals in the liquid phase. The combination of seed and shell materials offers wide tunability of morphologies and photophysical properties. Also, semiconductor nanorods (NRs) exhibit unique polarized luminescence which can potentially break the theoretical limit of external quantum efficiency in light emitting diodes based on spherical quantum dots. Although rod‐in‐rod core–shell NRs present higher degree of polarization, most studies have focused on dot‐in‐rod core–shell NRs due to the difficulties in achieving uniform NR seeds. Here, this study prepares high‐quality uniform CdSe NRs by improving the reactivity of the Se source, using a secondary phosphine, namely diphenylphosphine, to dissolve the Se power, along with the conventional tertiary phosphine, namely trioctylphosphine. Starting from these high‐quality NR seeds, this study synthesizes CdSe/CdxZn1−xS/ZnS core–shell NRs with narrow emission bandwidth (29 nm at 620 nm), high PLQY (89%) and high linear polarization (p = 0.90). This study then assembles these core–shell NRs using the confined assembly method and fabricates long‐range‐ordered microarrays with programmable patterns and displaying highly polarized emission (p = 0.80). This study highlights the great potential of NRs for application in liquid crystal displays and full‐color light emitting diodes displays.

Fabrication of ZnO nanorods and ZnO/CdS core–shell nanorods for the ultraviolet photosensing application

Fabrication of ZnO nanorods and ZnO/CdS core–shell nanorods for the ultraviolet photosensing application

Synthesis of Al2O3@Fe2O3 core–shell nanorods and its potential for fast phosphate recovery and adsorption of chromium (VI) ions from contaminated wastewater

Wastewater and agricultural runoff contain phosphate and chromium ions, which are common pollutants. In particular, industrial wastewater can contain excessive untreated pollutants, leading to eutrophication. Therefore, it is crucial to treat wastewater to recover phosphate ions and remove chromium before releasing it into aquatic systems. In this study, we engineered a core–shell nanorod structure, Al2O3@Fe2O3via a three-step method. To evaluate the effectiveness of the as-prepared Al2O3@Fe2O3 nanorods, in recovering and removing contaminants, we investigated various factors on phosphate recovery. The Al2O3@Fe2O3 nanorods exhibited a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 106.2 mg/g for the phosphate recovery, which was 11.29 and 1.85 times greater than that of pure aluminum oxide and ferrous oxide samples, respectively. The pseudo-second-order and the Elovich diffusion kinetic models resulted in the greatest correlation constants. Desorption of the phosphate adsorbed on the Al2O3@Fe2O3 sample was effectively achieved using a sodium carbonate solution. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the Al2O3@Fe2O3 sample showed a supreme chromium adsorption capacity of 476.2 mg/g. According to thermodynamic analyses, the route for chromium adsorption was impulsive and endothermic. This paper offers a thorough summary of the potential application of core–shell nanorods in wastewater treatment.

Robust and hydrophilic Mo-NiS@NiTe core-shell heterostructure nanorod arrays for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline freshwater and seawater

Typically, the direct electrolysis of alkaline seawater for hydrogen production is very attractive, but it poses challenges due to the high energy barrier and slow reaction kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline environments. The key to promising solutions lies in the design and development of non-precious metal catalysts with abundant reaction sites, robust stability, and resistance to Cl− corrosion. Hence, we demonstrated the fabrication of Mo-NiS@NiTe core–shell heterogeneous nanorods supported on nickel foam (Mo-NiS@NiTe/NF). These hydrophilic self-supporting nanorod arrays, functioning as binder-free HER electrocatalysts, provide numerous reactive sites and facilitate electron/mass transfer. The conductive core of NiTe promotes rapid electron transfer from NF substrate to NiS. The coupling interface with the heteroatom Mo synergistically modulates the electronic structure of the NiS shell, optimizing the adsorption/dissociation of H2O and improving the reaction kinetics. As a result, Mo-NiS@NiTe/NF exhibits excellent HER performance and outstanding long-term stability, requiring only 34 and 57 mV of overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH and alkaline seawater, respectively. Additionally, it exhibits a Faraday efficiency of nearly 100% for hydrogen production and excellent long-cycle stability. Notably, the Mo-NiS@NiTe(−)||RuO2(+) couples outperform Pt/C(−)||RuO2(+) couples and exhibit excellent stability.