Core Muscle Endurance Research Articles

Scapular muscle endurance may improve shooting performance in air pistol shooters.

In air pistol shooters, the number of studies evaluating the physical characteristics is very few. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of core, scapula, and shoulder girdle muscles endurance on performance in air pistol shooters and to determine the importance of the endurance parameters. Twenty-eight male air pistol shooters were included. The Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, Upper Quarter Y Balance Test, Prone Bridge Test, Side Bridge Endurance Test, and The Scapular Muscle Endurance Test were used to evaluate the endurance of shoulder girdle, core, and scapular muscles. The relationships between endurance and shooting performance parameters were investigated. A positive moderate correlation was found between the scapular muscle endurance test and the shooting performance (P=0.002 r=0.638). A significant regression equation was found for shooting scores (F<inf>(1.26)</inf>=11.975, P=0.02, R2=0.315). It was observed that the shooting score increased by 0.375 points for each unit increase of the Scapular Muscle Endurance Test. No statistically significant relationship was observed in other parameters (P>0.05). In this study, core and shoulder girdle muscle endurances were not associated with shooting performance. Scapular muscle endurance may contribute positively to shooting performance. An exercise program to increase scapular muscles endurance can be beneficial for the performance of shooters.

Comparing the Core Muscles Endurance and Postural Sway of Iranian Taekwondo Female Athletes With and Without Hyperlordosis

Background and Aims Postural sway is evaluated based on changes in the body's center of pressure and is directly related to postural control and balance. Several factors are involved in the proper control of postural sways and, as a result, proper maintenance of balance, the most important of which is core stability. Weakness of core muscles causes an interruption in the transfer of energy from the trunk and limbs to each other, and this leads to decreased sports performance and increased risk of injury. Hyperlordosis is one of the disorders that can affect the endurance of core muscles. In some sports, such as taekwondo, this is of great importance. The present study aims to assess whether there is any difference in postural sway and core muscle endurance between taekwondo female athletes with or without hyperlordosis in Iran. Methods The study population consists of all professional Iranian female taekwondo athletes, of whom 60 were purposefully selected and divided into two groups of 30: With hyperlordosis (Mean age: 22.17±2.35 years, mean height: 166±3.95 cm, mean weight: 55.37±5.53 kg) and without hyperlordosis (Mean age: 20.63±2.38 years, mean height: 165±4.23 cm, mean weight: 53.7±4.91 kg). Postural sway was measured by the foot pressure distribution on a single leg. The core muscle endurance was measured by the McGill test. Independent t-test was used for examining the difference in the results. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results Independent t-test results showed a significant difference between the two groups only in endurance of abdominal flexor muscles (P=0.013). No significant difference in endurance of other core muscles (P&gt;0.05), postural sway based on two factors of path length (P=0.30) and movement area (P=0.16) were observed between the two groups. Conclusion The endurance of the abdominal flexor muscles in taekwondo female athletes with hyperlordosis is poor. Considering the possibility of further changes in the core muscles which can affect other areas of the body, longitudinal and follow-up studies are recommended on this group of athletes.

Trunk muscles influence lower limb performance in crossfit athletes: A cross-sectional study.

Crossfit is a sport that combines cardio-respiratory and muscle endurance, strength, flexibility, muscle power, speed, coordination, agility and balance. However, there is no information in the literature regarding functional performance of the lower limbs and the endurance of core muscles in this population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between trunk strength/endurance and lower limb function through lower limb symmetry and balance tests. Forty-one young adults aged 19-41years (26.3±5.4) participated, 15 sedentary and 26 cross fit practitioners for at least one year. The tests were as follows: Biering-Sørensen Test of trunk extensor endurance, Trunk Flexors Endurance Test at 60°, Side Plank Endurance Test, Lumbar Dynamometry, Single-Leg Hop Test and Star Excursion Balance Test. Although there were higher values, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the groups for lower limb symmetry and strength of trunk flexor muscles. For balance, strength and resistance variables of trunk extensor muscles, the values found were higher in crossfit practitioners than in sedentary subjects. There is a relationship between trunk muscle strength and endurance and lower limb balance. Moreover, cross fit athletes showed higher values of trunk muscle strength/endurance and lower limb balance compared to sedentary adults.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A comparison of core muscle endurance, and static and dynamic balance in girls with normal body mass index and obesity

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A comparison of core muscle endurance, and static and dynamic balance in girls with normal body mass index and obesity

The relationship of dynamic body balance with locomotor ability and endurance of core muscles in children with down syndrome

Introduction: The scarcity of research results related to the relationship of dynamic body balance with locomotor ability and core muscle endurance makes it difficult to compile a physical exercise program for children with Down syndrome, even though the preparation of the form and duration of exercises that adjust the level of dynamic body balance will minimize the occurrence of more severe injuries and musculoskeletal problems. This study aims to find out, prove, and examine the relationship between dynamic body balance and locomotor ability, and core muscle endurance in children with Down syndrome. Material and Methods: This study included 30 children with Down syndrome who were chosen using a purposive sampling technique. All samples followed the research procedure by measuring dynamic body balance using a functional reach test, assessing locomotor ability with a test of gross motor development (2nd edition), and measuring core muscle endurance using a plank test. The statistical analysis technique uses the Pearson correlation test at a significance level of α = 0.05, which is carried out in SPSS software version 22. Results: There is a significant positive relationship between dynamic body balance and locomotor ability with a significance value of 0.000 (Sig. &lt; 0.05) and a positive Pearson correlation value of 0.821. In addition, there was a positive significant relationship between dynamic body balance and the endurance of the core muscles of the children with Down syndrome at a significance level set at 0.000 (Sig. &lt; 0.05) and a positive Pearson correlation of 0.710. Conclusions: The dynamic body balance of children with Down syndrome is significantly positively related to locomotor abilities at a perfect level and the endurance of the core muscles at a strong level.

Effect of Fatigue on the Core Muscle Endurance in Female Athletes With and Without Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Purpose: Non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP) is the most common type of chronic LBP and a common debilitating condition, especially in athletes, that can also affect performance. The core muscles are necessary to create a stable level of support for sports performance and appropriate movements of all organs, and its deficiency is related to complications, such as LBP. This research aims to investigate the effect of a fatigue protocol on core muscle endurance in athletes with and without non-specific chronic LBP. Methods: A controlled laboratory study was conducted; 42 female athletes with and without non-specific chronic LBP were selected through convenience sampling method and divided into two groups with non-specific chronic LBP and without non-specific chronic LBP. McGill’s core endurance test was used to measure core muscle endurance. The measurements were done before and after the implementation of the functional core fatigue protocol (FCFP). SPSS software, version 22 and dependent t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to evaluate mean differences obtained in the two groups. The significance level was considered 95%, and the α level was ≤0.05. Results: The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the two groups with and without non-specific chronic LBP after performing the functional core fatigue protocol (FCFP) in McGill’s test scores in isometric flexion exercise (P=0.001), isometric extensor exercise (P=0.001), right side bridge (P=0.001) and left side bridge (P=0.001). In the post-test measurement, the endurance of the core muscles decreased in the LBP group. Conclusion: The findings revealed that fatigue can affect the core stability and reduce the core muscles endurance of female athletes with non-specific chronic LBP. Therefore, core muscle weakness can be recognized as a risk factor for chronic LBP, and in order to prevent this damage, it is recommended to strengthen this area in rehabilitation programs.

Comparison of Core Muscle Endurance, Balance, Posture, Trunk Proprioception, and Physical Activity Level in Healthy Individuals by Gender

Comparison of Core Muscle Endurance, Balance, Posture, Trunk Proprioception, and Physical Activity Level in Healthy Individuals by Gender

The effects of FIFA11+ warm up program on core endurance, sprint performance and balance in under-21 football players

Introduction: Football is the most played contact- sport around the globe. Due to the nature of the game, a great performance by multiple motor components is required. A good warm-up is required to condition the athletes and prepare them for the complexity of the micro-movements which are happening at neuromuscular level. FIFA 11+ warm-up program serves as the most beneficial protocol to make athletes ready for the competition. Aim: The aim is to find out the effects of FIFA 11+ on core muscle endurance, sprint performance and balance in under-21 football players.Methodology: 20 under-21 football players were included in the study. FIFA 11+ protocol was implemented for 4 weeks. Pre and Post Data of McGill core endurance test, 50 m sprint test and stork balance test was recorded. Statistical analysis: Statistical Analysis is done by appropriate analytical software. As the data was normally distributed, paired-t test was used for within group analysis for each outcome measure respectively.Results: Significant changes were observed in the pre and post values of core muscle endurance, sprint performance and balance. (p

The effects of Pilates training on abdominal muscle thickness and core endurance in patients with Parkinson's disease: a single-blind controlled clinical study.

This study aims at examining the effects of Pilates training on the transversus abdominis (TrA) and internal obliques (IO) muscle thickness and core endurance in different positions in patients with Parkinson's Disease. Patients were divided into 2 groups as Pilates training (n = 13) and control (n = 10) groups. Pilates training was performed twice a week for 6 weeks. The participants' muscle thickness and core endurance were measured at the beginning of the study (pretraining), and the effectiveness of Pilates training was then assessed in the 6th week (posttraining) and in the 12th-week follow-up. The thickness of the TrA and IO muscles was measured with a two-dimensional ultrasonography device. Core endurance was assessed with prone bridge and sit-ups tests. The assessments of the Pilates training group after the 6-week showed a statistically significant increase in the prone bridge and sit-ups test performances, and an increase in the thickness of the IO muscle [during resting in the supine position and abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) in standing position] and the TrA muscle (during ADIM in the standing position) (p < 0.05). Pilates exercises were also shown to have improved core muscle endurance and thickness (IO thickness during ADIM in the standing position and TrA thickness during resting in the supine position, ADIM in the supine and standing position) in the Pilates training group after a period of 18 weeks (p < 0.05). Pilates training has a favorable effect on the core endurance, and the TrA and IO muscle thickness of patients with Parkinson's disease and this effect can be maintained until three months after the training.

Association of Core Muscle Endurance with Weekly Workout Time, Speed, and the Symmetry of Frontal Core Motion during Indoor Walking and Cycling

This study investigated the factors that influence core muscle endurance, i.e., the symmetry of frontal core motion during indoor walking and cycling, the symmetry of lateral core muscle endurance, the symmetry of the hip abductor strength, the weekly workout time and fast walking and cycling speeds, while controlling for gender. Seventy-nine healthy young adults participated in this study. In a regression analysis, the core muscle endurance time was the dependent variable. The independent variables were the symmetry of frontal core motion (measured using a wireless earbud sensor during walking and cycling), the symmetry of side plank time and of hip abductor strength, the weekly workout time and fast walking and cycling speeds. In the multiple regression analysis, weekly workout time, fast walking speed, symmetry of frontal core motion during fast cycling and symmetry of lateral side plank time predicted core muscle endurance (adjusted R2 = 0.42). Thus, clinicians and fitness personnel should consider the association of core muscle endurance with the symmetry of frontal core motion during cycling and the symmetry of side plank holding time, as well as with the weekly workout time and a fast walking speed, when designing core muscle exercise programmes.

The relationship between core muscle endurance and functional movement screen scores in females with lumbar hyperlordosis: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCore muscle endurance is essential for proper movement and lower extremity injury prevention. In addition, the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score is a tool to assess body movement patterns to predict the risk of injury. Although various researches have investigated the relationship between the core muscle endurance and the FMS score, no study has ever assessed the effect of postural deformity on the FMS score. This study investigates the relationship between core muscle endurance and FMS scores in females with lumbar hyperlordosis.Methods42 healthy females aged 24.03 ± 4.4 years with hyperlordosis ( > = 45/66 degrees) participated in this study. Core muscle endurance was assessed by the McGill stability test. Correlations were evaluated between the FMS score, McGill test, and lordosis angle using spearman correlation coefficients (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsMost individual FMS scores were not correlated with the McGill test except stability trunk push up. Also, lordosis angle was not correlated with the FMS composite score (r=-0.077; p = 0.631), while it was negatively correlated with the McGill test (r=-0.650; p = 0.000).ConclusionThe lack of correlation between the FMS score and the McGill test implies that one’s level of core endurance may not influence their functional movement patterns. In contrast, the lumbar lordosis angle might impact one’s core muscle endurance but not their functional movement patterns.

CORE STABILITY EXERCISE OUTWEIGHS SURYA NAMASKAR YOGA IN IMPROVING ABDOMINAL MUSCLE ENDURANCE AMONG STUDENTS OF YOGA AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF UHN I GUSTI BAGUS SUGRIWA DENPASAR

A reduced level of physical activity can cause a decline in core muscle endurance, one of which is abdominal muscle endurance. Abdominal muscle endurance plays a crucial role to support daily physical activity. Abdominal muscle endurance can be enhanced through physical exercises such as surya namaskar yoga and core stability exercise. This study aims to examine the difference in the effect of surya namaskar yoga and core stability exercise in improving abdominal muscle endurance among students of the yoga and health department at UHN I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar. This study is an experimental study using a randomized pre- and post-test control group design. The subjects of this study were 12 students, which were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received surya namaskar yoga and Group 2 received core stability exercise. Abdominal muscle endurance was measured using the flexor endurance muscle test. Based on the results of the independent t-test, there was a difference in the average abdominal muscle endurance after treatment between groups, with p-value = 0.008 (p &lt;0.05), where the Mean of increase in abdominal muscle endurance in Group 1 was 20.16 ± 0.75, while in Group 2, it was 32.00 ± 2.09. Therefore, core stability exercise outweighs surya namaskar yoga in improving abdominal muscle endurance among students of yoga and health department of UHN I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa, Denpasar.

Functional Performance, Leg Muscle Strength, and Core Muscle Endurance in Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Mild Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of sit-to-stand and walking performance with leg muscle strength and core muscle endurance in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) with mild disabilities. In this study, 49 PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale score = 1.59 ± 0.79) and 26 healthy controls were enrolled. The functional performances, including sit-to-stand and walking performances, were evaluated with the five-repetition sit-to-stand test, timed up and go test, and 6-min walking test. The PwMS finished significantly slower five-repetition sit-to-stand, timed up and go, and 6-min walking test than the healthy controls. In addition, the significant contributors were the weakest trunk lateral flexor endurance for five-repetition sit-to-stand; the Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and the weakest hip adductor muscle for timed up and go; the weakest hip extensor muscles strength for 6-min walking test. The functional performances in PwMS, even with mild disabilities, were lower compared with healthy controls. Decreases in both leg muscle strength and core muscle endurance are associated with lower functional performance in PwMS.

Assessments of Core Fitness

Apply It! By reading this feature article, readers will learn: • The assessment of core muscle strength, endurance, and coordination is important for training and health because the core is a crucial foundation for torque production and the transfer of loads from the limbs, pelvic, and shoulder girdles. • Although clinical core assessments tend to emphasize the measurement of muscle activation, a wide array of functional assessments are effective for monitoring core strength when sustaining or completing a variety of positions (isometric) or tasks/movements (dynamic). • In accord with training specificity, common movements such as squats, jumps, push-ups, and others are visually inspected to detect core dysfunctions (e.g., movement compensations, trunk buckling, and others). Many of these functional tests as well as balance tests do not solely evaluate core function. • There are very few dynamic tests that measure core strength or power associated with the spectrum of human movement and specific to different sports (e.g., soccer, basketball, etc.), and this is a crucial area for future research.

Effect Of Exergaming On Core Muscle Endurance And Enjoyment In Young Adults: A Pilot Study

Background: The core provides a foundation for movement in the periphery and comprises muscles that stabilize central and peripheral major joints. Strength and endurance are both necessary for core stability, but poor endurance of core muscle is a major risk factor for low back pain in a healthy person. Despite traditional methods of improving core stability, poor adherence to exercise is a significant problem in young adults. In the 21st century, “exergame” or exercisebased video gaming is an attractive option for improving physical function. So, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of exergame on core muscle endurance and enjoyment of young adults.Methods: Quasi-experimental research was used. Male and female participants (n=30,15 in the Intervention group and 15 in the Control group) were recruited. The intervention group was given training with Nintendo® Ring Fit Adventure (RFA) exergame three times a week for six weeks. The control group received a general core endurance training program with the same duration and frequency. The McGill endurance test assessed core muscle endurance. Enjoyment of exergame was assessed using an Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire.Results: The study showed that in both groups, there was a significant increase in endurance time (p&lt;0.05). Betweengroup analysis showed that the intervention group had a highly significant difference in endurance time compared to the control group (p&lt;0.01).Conclusion: RFA exergame can offer more enjoyment while playing and improve young adults' core muscle endurance. Exergames can be an exciting way of improving physical function in the technological era.

The Relationship between Trunk Endurance and Functional Tests in Military Students

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between trunk endurance and functional tests related to lower limb injury in students of Imam Ali (AS) Military Universi-ty. Methods: For this study, 90 students of the officer university with average age: 20.86 ± 1.56 year, height: 1.78 ± 0.05 meters, weight: 72.76 ± 8.46 kg and BMI: 22.73 ± 2.30 kg/m2 were selected by availability. In this study, Core endurance was assessed with the McGill test set. The Static and dynamic balance were also assessed by stork and Y balance tests, respectively. Single leg hop, triple crossover hop for distance and timed single leg hop tests were used to assess lower limb function. Since the number of subjects was 90, Kolmogo-rov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of data distribution; Due to the normality of data distribution to investigate the relationship between predictor variables and criterion variable, Pearson correlation coefficient method was used with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of Pearson statistical test showed that there is a significant relationship between McGill endurance tests and also the total endurance score with static balance (p=0.008), total dynamic balance score (p=0.003), single leg hop test (p=0.001), triple crossover hop for distance test (p=0.005). But the relationship between endurance and timed single leg hop test was not significant (p <0.05). In general, the results of this study showed that there is a relationship between postural stability, muscle endurance and functional tests related to lower limb injury in officer University students. Conclusions: It can be interpreted that the injury-related functional tests such as single leg hop test and triple crossover hop for distance test of the students who can take their body Move forward in a controlled way are better. Moreover, it can be considered that the postural stability of the students with high core muscle endurance is higher. Therefore, it is important to apply exercise programs that enhance postural stability and increase core muscle endurance to improve functional suc-cess.

Effects of Static and Dynamic Exercises on Core Muscle Strength and Endurance

Background. Rehabilitation research is currently focused on the effects of exercise on patients with acute or chronic low back pain. However, there is a lack of preventive research investigating the effects of dynamic and static exercises on the strength and endurance of the core stability muscle in individuals engaged in leisure-time non-professional sports activities.&#x0D; The aim. To determine the effect of static and dynamic muscle exercises on core stability muscle strength and endurance.&#x0D; Methods. The study involved 12 volunteers (20–30 years old) engaged in leisure-time non-professional sports activities that did not experience back pain. Two groups were formed: the first (n = 7), in which the subjects performed static exercises, and the second (n = 5), in which the subjects performed dynamic exercises. The strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. The study lasted 5 weeks. Exercise sessions were held 3 times a week for 20–30 minutes.&#x0D; Results. Strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles significantly increased in both groups. Comparing the effects of static and dynamic exercises on core flexor and extensor muscle strength and endurance, a statistically significant difference was observed in the change in core extensor muscle strength.&#x0D; Conclusions. The strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles increased both after dynamic exercise and static exercise interventions. Core muscle strength increased more after the dynamic exercise intervention.&#x0D; Keywords: core stability, isometric strength, physical therapy, exercise, young individuals.&#x0D;

An online pilates exercise program is effective on proprioception and core muscle endurance in a randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundProprioception is important for stability of body segments, postural control, and functionality. However, there are no studies in literature showing effects of online Pilates exercises that create proprioceptive inputs on vertebra on trunk proprioception.AimsThis study aims to reveal effect of online Pilates exercises conducted on trunk proprioception and core muscle endurance in healthy individuals.MethodsWe included thirty-three healthy individuals between ages of 18 and 25 in study. Individuals were randomly divided into two groups. There were 17 individuals in Pilates group (PG), and 16 individuals in control group (CG). The PG was given online Pilates exercises by the physiotherapist in groups 3 days a week for 6 weeks, 1 h a day. There was no exercise program recommended for individuals in CG. We evaluated trunk proprioception with an inclinometer, core muscle endurance with three core endurance tests created by McGill, and prone bridge tests. All evaluations completed just before start of study and 2 days after 6-week training.ResultsTwo groups had similar demographic characteristics, and there was no difference between baseline measurements (p > 0.05). While improvement observed in PG in trunk proprioception and all of core muscle endurance tests (p < 0.05), no statistically significant difference reported in CG (p > 0.05).ConclusionsWe revealed that online Pilates exercises performed at mat level for 6 weeks in healthy individuals had positive effects on trunk proprioception and core muscle endurance with this study. Contribution of Pilates exercises to development of both muscular endurance and proprioceptive senses, even if performed at a distance, is important.

Differences in Lateral Core Muscles’ Endurance Measurementsb Adolescents with And Without Flexible Flat-Feet

Background: Flexible flatfeet are a common deformity that affects youngsters and persists throughout their lives, and it is considered to be a contributing factor in many lower limb accidents and low back discomfort. Core muscles function as trunk stabilisers, and any disruption or weakening in these muscles puts a person at risk for low back discomfort and lower limb injury. Objective: We aimed to compare the core muscles’ endurance between adolescents with and without flexible flatfeet. Patients and Methods: Thirty participants with bilateral flexible flatfeet (study group) were compared with thirty healthy participants (control group). Navicular drop test (NDT) was used to evaluate the medial longitudinal arch. Modified back extensors, modified flexion and lateral muscles’ endurance tests were used to evaluate the endurance of the core muscles. Results: There was no significant difference found in the trunk lateral muscles for left bridge (p = 0.38) and right bridge (p = 0.70) endurance time between both groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the endurance of the lateral core muscles between adolescents with and without flexible flatfeet at the selected age in the early adolescent stage.

Physical performance in relation to preserved ratio impaired spirometry: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older Japanese adults

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is associated with an increased mortality rate; however, its characteristics have not been clearly identified in Japan. This cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults compared physical function between people with PRISm and those with no respiratory issues, from 2014 to 2019. We collected demographic data through interviews and measured respiratory and physical functions. We included 668 older adults (male, 23.5%; mean age, 72.8 ± 5.6 years); the prevalence of PRISm was 12%, while the prevalence of obstruction was 6.9%. Propensity score matching was used to identify control subjects with normal spirometry (n = 80) while minimizing the effects of confounders during comparisons with the PRISm population (n = 80). Compared with community-dwelling older adults with normal lung capacity, older adults with PRISm had a lower forced vital capacity (%FVC; 68.7 ± 9.1% vs. 92.5 ± 12.7%, p < 0.001), lower core muscle endurance (sit-up test: 6.7 ± 5.8 vs. 8.7 ± 6.0, p = 0.032), and a longer one-leg stance duration (52.4 ± 41.1 s vs. 36.4 ± 34.1 s, p = 0.008). In multivariable logistic regression, %FVC and increased one-leg stance were independent predictors of PRISm status. The prevalence of PRISm among community-dwelling elderly Japanese exceeds that of obstructive lung disease and is associated with reduced %FVC and better performance on balance testing.