Core Logic Research Articles

Perfect proofs at first order

Abstract In this note we extend a remarkable result of Brauer (2024, Journal of Logic and Computation) concerning propositional Classical Core Logic. We show that it holds also at first order. This affords a soundness and completeness result for Classical Core Logic. The $\mathbb{C}^{+}$-provable sequents are exactly those that are uniform substitution instances of perfectly valid sequents, i.e. sequents that are valid and that need every one of their sentences in order to be so. Brauer (2020, Review of Symbolic Logic, 13, 436–457) showed that the notion of perfect validity itself is unaxiomatizable. In the Appendix we use his method to show that our notion of relevant validity in Tennant (2024, Philosophia Mathematica) is likewise unaxiomatizable. It would appear that the taking of substitution instances is an essential ingredient in the construction of a semantical relation of consequence that will be axiomatizable—and indeed, by the rules of proof for Classical Core Logic.

The Analysis of the Writer-Reader Relationship During the Postmodernism Period Based on Foucault's Panopticism Theory

In the postmodern era, the relationship between readers and authors has undergone significant changes. Specifically, the status of readers has risen relative to that of authors. To explore this issue, this paper will introduce Foucault's panopticism theory and analyze the changing power relationship between readers and authors based on this theory. In the analysis, this paper will explore the similar conditions between panopticism and the reader-writer relationship in the postmodernism era to follow a core logic of that those conditions based on the change of reader-writer relationship at that time, finally lead to some phenomena in terms of literature and its market, especially showing the authors' self-descipline. Besides, this paper will mention some literary works and the literary phenomenon of Meta-narrative from the postmodern era to help enrich the core logic. In conclusion, this paper will systematically analyze the factors leading to the changes in the reading and writing relationship during the postmodern period, how panopticism emerges within this relationship, the resultant self-discipline of authors, and the subsequent impacts of these dynamics.

Do Foreign Military Deployments Provide Assurance? Unpacking the Micro-Mechanisms of Burden Sharing in Alliances

Abstract How do US foreign military deployments impact the defense policies of host states? Dominant scholarship holds that these deployments play a pivotal role in assuring allies that their security is guaranteed, which in turn leads host countries to neglect their national defense contributions. In this research note, we examine the micro-foundations of this conventional wisdom, investigating how nuclear and conventional troop deployments impact attitudes toward defense policies in (potential) host states. We highlight that the presumed linkage between assurance and free-riding critically implies that foreign military deployments must positively affect perceptions of security among host nations. We test this core logic, alongside some alternative pathways, at the micro level through two survey experiments that randomize hypothetical withdrawals (Germany) and deployments (Czech Republic). Although we find some evidence that foreign military deployments can decrease citizens’ subjective need for defense, the survey experiments also reveal that citizens hardly feel protected by these deployments. Thus, our results cast doubt on the core logic underlying the theory of free-riding in alliances.

A Biomimetic Sketch-Based Form Finding Tool

Sketches play a fundamental role in the design disciplines, serving as crucial representations for ideation, problem-solving, and communication. In the realm of architecture, sketches encapsulate the evolution of ideas from conceptualization to construction. Hand-drawn sketches, characterized by their open-ended, ambiguous nature and rapid production, stand out as indispensable tools in bridging the gap between abstract concepts and tangible designs, guiding the progression from early design stages to final product realization. However, despite their significant potential and pivotal role in the design process, hand sketches have often been overlooked and swiftly abandoned in the ongoing discourse surrounding traditional versus digital design methodologies, particularly with the widespread integration of computer technologies. This study endeavors to unlock the wealth of information embedded within hand sketches, spanning from initial design concepts to intricate manufacturing details, through the utilization of a hybrid digital form-finding tool. By employing swarm algorithms in the quest for form, it is anticipated that the boundaries of conceptual ideas delineated by hand sketches will be expanded. This is facilitated by an algorithm developed in Processing using the Java coding language, complemented by an intuitive interface. The research journey commences with a comprehensive literature review encompassing biomimetics, sketching techniques, and tools for transitioning hand sketches into digital realms. Subsequently, a thorough elucidation of the algorithm, crafted within the Processing environment, is provided.The efficacy of the tool is assessed through experimentation involving adjustments of various parameters on identical sketches, as well as application to seven architectural sketches representing built designs, with subsequent interpretation of the outcomes. It is posited that the adaptability of the algorithm's core logic, coupled with the development-friendly environment of Processing, holds immense potential for empowering designers to steer sketches in desired directions through tailored enhancements.

63‐1: Integrated Scan/Emission/Sweep Driver Circuit Based on CMOS LTPS TFTs for Micro‐LED Displays

We proposed a CMOS LTPS TFT‐based integrated driver circuit to generate the control signals for micro light‐emitting diode pixel circuits. The proposed circuit enables to generation of five output signals by sharing core logic without capacitors. We verified that the output signals remain stable through the simulation.

The Logic for Mathematics without Ex Falso Quodlibet

Abstract Informally rigorous mathematical reasoning is relevant. So too should be the premises to the conclusions of formal proofs that regiment it. The rule Ex Falso Quodlibet induces spectacular irrelevance. We therefore drop it. The resulting systems of Core Logic $ \mathbb{C}$ and Classical Core Logic $ \mathbb{C}^{+}$ can formalize all the informally rigorous reasoning in constructive and classical mathematics respectively. We effect a revised match-up between deducibility in Classical Core Logic and a new notion of relevant logical consequence. It matches better the deducibility relation of Classical Core Logic than does the Tarskian notion of consequence. It is implosive, not explosive.

Coarsening natural deduction proofs II: finding gaunt proofs

Abstract This paper is the second part of a series exploring how, given a proof, we can inductively transform it into a proof that contains no irrelevancies and is as strong as possible. In the prequel paper, I defined a weaker and a stronger notion of what counts as a proof with no irrelevancies, calling them perfect proofs and gaunt proofs, respectively. There, I showed how proofs in core logic and classical core logic can be transformed into perfect proofs. In this paper I study gaunt proofs. I show how proofs in core logic can be inductively transformed into gaunt core proofs, but that this property fails for the natural deduction system of classical core logic.

Adapting a complex violence prevention intervention: a case study of the Good School Toolkit in Uganda

BackgroundAdaptation is a key strategy to extend the reach of evidence-based interventions to prevent violence in new populations, but there is a dearth of practical case examples. The Good School Toolkit was developed by Ugandan NGO Raising Voices for use in primary schools (GST-P). We describe our systematic approach to adapting the GST-P for use in secondary schools in Uganda, and reflect on the utility of the process as well as limitations of existing adaptation frameworks.MethodsWe adapted the GST-P in four phases, which included: I) clarifying the logic model and core intervention components using a streamlined process; II) conducting formative research (cross-sectional survey, focus groups, etc.) to understand the new population; III) selecting and preparing new intervention components and modifying existing intervention components; and IV) pretesting new intervention components with teachers and students in Uganda.ResultsWe identified core components using a logic model. Formative research showed results largely in line with our apriori hypotheses. Teacher violence remained highly prevalent in secondary versus primary schools (> 65% of secondary students reported past year exposure), while peer violence significantly increased (secondary = 52% vs. primary girls = 40%, P < 0.001; secondary = 54% vs. primary boys = 44%, P = 0.009) in secondary versus primary schools. Significantly more secondary girls (51%) than secondary boys (45%) reported past year dating/intimate partner violence (P = 0.03). Inequitable, gendered educational practices emerged as a salient theme, perceived to heighten female students’ vulnerability to violence. In light of these findings, we made several adjustments to the adapted intervention. We strengthened existing teacher and peer violence intervention components. We also developed, pretested and revised new program components to prevent dating violence and promote ‘gender fairness in schools’. Finally, original activities were modified to support engagement with school administration and promote increased student agency in secondary schools.ConclusionsBased on our experience, it was difficult to apply mechanistic models to clarify the intervention logic of the GST-P, a complex multicomponent intervention, and simpler methods may be sufficient. Our team had high levels of contextual knowledge before the adaptation, and formative research to understand the new target population provided only limited additional insight. In similar situations, a simplified approach to mapping the core intervention components, qualitative research to understand the new target population, and pre-testing of new intervention components may be the most informative elements of systematic adaptation processes.

Control-oriented planning and development-oriented planning: comparison of planning paradigms and practice in Hubei, China

AbstractThe history of planning development in various countries shows that the core logic of planning is the spiral interweaving of control and development, and constantly makes corresponding adjustments to respond to changes and challenges in social and economic development. Most of the planning in western countries originated from control-oriented paradigm, then integrated development-oriented elements, and finally has evolved into comprehensive coordination-oriented planning paradigm. China’s planning, which originated from development-oriented paradigm, has shifted towards control-oriented planning as represented by territorial spatial planning to tackle issues such as excessive consumption of resources. In the face of economic, social and environmental challenges, China’s urban planning in the future should also move towards a comprehensive balance between control and development. The common thread of control is the sustainable development of economy, society, and environment. The common thread of development is to achieve the Chinese path to modernization. The content of control and development will vary with different spatial scales and time stages. Take Hubei’s practice as an example, planning control is driven by the integrated management of watershed and planning development is led by the synchronization of new industrialization, IT application, new urbanization, and agricultural modernization. Hubei Province seeks to promote high-quality, sustainable development through comprehensive coordination-oriented planning that combines control and development.

Blockchain in Online Games and What Can Be Learned from It

In recent years, with the booming development of Internet technology, the types of online game products and gameplay have become more and more diversified, and the market size and revenue of the world's online games have shown a steady growth trend. In the formation of a perfect industrial chain and high entry threshold at the same time, due to the over-centralized management, can not meet the expectations of the user community, resulting in low user stickiness, the number of users to grow into a bottleneck situation. Blockchain technology has the unique value of decentralization, data security and credible transaction, which can effectively solve the pain points of online games and become a new direction for traditional online games to break through the development bottleneck. By deconstructing the existing specific cases of successful combination of blockchain technology and online games, this paper elaborates the realization path of successful application of blockchain technology in online games, and analyzes in detail the core logic of successful combination and mutual adaptation of blockchain technology and online game industry, which is committed to providing useful guidance for future related research.

Coarsening Natural Deduction Proofs I: Finding Perfect Proofs

Abstract This paper explores how, given a proof, we can systematically transform it into a proof that contains no irrelevancies and which is as strong as possible. I define a weaker and stronger notion of what counts as a proof with no irrelevancies, calling them perfect proofs and gaunt proofs, respectively. Using classical core logic to study classical validities and core logic to study intuitionistic validities, I show that every core proof or classical core proof can be transformed into a perfect proof. In a sequel paper, I show how proofs in core logic can also be transformed into gaunt proofs and I observe that this property fails for classical core logic.

CPU Performance Study for HEP Workloads with Respect to the Number of Single-core Slots

CPU Performance Study for HEP Workloads with Respect to the Number of Single-core Slots

Core Type Theory

Neil Tennant’s core logic is a type of bilateralist natural deduction system based on proofs and refutations. We present a proof system for propositional core logic, explain its connections to bilateralism, and explore the possibility of using it as a type theory, in the same kind of way intuitionistic logic is often used as a type theory. Our proof system is not Tennant’s own, but it is very closely related, and determines the same consequence relation. The difference, however, matters for our purposes, and we discuss this. We then turn to the question of strong normalization, showing that although Tennant’s proof system for core logic is not strongly normalizing, our modified system is.

The Tripwire Effect: Experimental Evidence Regarding U.S. Public Opinion

AbstractClaims about the deterrent role of forward military deployments often depend on the argument that attacks on troops stationed abroad will activate a “tripwire effect.” It is assumed that this effect would generate strong domestic pressure for further military intervention by the country whose troops have come under attack. In theory, the anticipation of a strong tripwire effect prospectively ties the hands of leaders, thereby bolstering the reliability of extended deterrent threats and promises. In this paper, we define the tripwire effect and use both conjoint and vignette survey experiments to evaluate its operation and magnitude among Americans. Results suggest that the tripwire effect is, at best, far weaker than many analysts and policymakers commonly assume. This finding raises serious questions about a core logic underpinning the United States’ forward military posture and highlights the need for more research on the deterrent functions of forward deployment.

A sustainable Catch-22: An assessment of sustainability in the Dutch pension sector

The relation between financial performance and sustainability in the global pension sector has been widely researched. Current research confirms that sustainable investments can have a positive influence on financial performance, but how that effect materializes is still debated. This study argues that the ambiguity concerning this positive impact is caused by a lack of integration of sustainability in organizations. This lack of integration causes the sustainability efforts to harm financial performance of the pension funds. Nevertheless, research shows that, if sustainability is integrated in the core logic of the organization, sustainability efforts do not yield lower returns. We assess the current level of sustainability integration in the Dutch pension fund sector using a multiple case study approach. Next, this study formulates the challenges related to sustainability integration in the sector, after which solutions to the specific problems are presented. Given the lack of integration, the barriers for increasing sustainability integration can be viewed as a Catch-22. First, a perceived separation is observed between the societal pressure to invest sustainably and constituents’ pressure to realize financial value. Second, pension funds are ill equipped for the complexity in sustainable investing and use a third party as investment manager, creating a dispersion of knowledge of sustainable investments and the responsibility to do so. To be able to solve the Catch-22 dilemma, greater collaboration, standardization and a sustainability vision are needed, resulting in a positive impact on sustainability and positive effects on financial return.

Approaching the mapping limit with closed-loop mapping strategy for deploying neural networks on neuromorphic hardware.

The decentralized manycore architecture is broadly adopted by neuromorphic chips for its high computing parallelism and memory locality. However, the fragmented memories and decentralized execution make it hard to deploy neural network models onto neuromorphic hardware with high resource utilization and processing efficiency. There are usually two stages during the model deployment: one is the logical mapping that partitions parameters and computations into small slices and allocate each slice into a single core with limited resources; the other is the physical mapping that places each logical core to a physical location in the chip. In this work, we propose the mapping limit concept for the first time that points out the resource saving upper limit in logical and physical mapping. Furthermore, we propose a closed-loop mapping strategy with an asynchronous 4D model partition for logical mapping and a Hamilton loop algorithm (HLA) for physical mapping. We implement the mapping methods on our state-of-the-art neuromorphic chip, TianjicX. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our mapping methods, which can not only outperform existing methods but also approach the mapping limit. We believe the mapping limit concept and the closed-loop mapping strategy can help build a general and efficient mapping framework for neuromorphic hardware.

Multiferroic-field coupling in ultrathin nanofilm halide perovskite at room temperature

New materials with unique properties and nanostructures are essential for high-efficiency multibit devices to implement next-generation core logic and memory functions. Herein, a high-quality single-phase ultrathin nanofilm organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite nanostructure without transition metals is proposed. (C4H9NH3)2PbI2Br2 is a multifield coupling material with ferroic orders coexisting at room temperature (300 K). The domain rotation is controlled by adjusting the electric field strength using magnetoelectricity and ferroelectricity. The responsiveness and phase controllability of ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and piezoelectricity in ultra-thin nanofilm hybrid perovskites are successfully controlled through the external electric field induced by the coupling between the ferroic orders at room temperature. This study shows that high-quality nanostructured perovskites are suitable materials for high-efficiency multibit devices.

“Money is not an issue!”: Hospital CFOs’ narratives about handling a sudden shift in managerial focus

The sustained political and managerial focus on cost containment and efficiency in hospitals has been altered by COVID-19-related concerns about public health. Through a novel qualitative study in Denmark, we explore CFOs’ narratives of their experiences during a sudden shift in managerial logic. All of the CFOs describe engagement in key operational procedures and change management that was fostered by the constant search for stability that strongly depended on bottom-up decision-making and flexibility. During this process, the existing competing logics of managerialism and medical professionalism vanished. The CFOs describe new forms of dynamic and collaborative approaches. The possibility of adhering to the core logic of administrative accounting techniques combined with urgency and emotional encounters appears to enable this approach. Thus, we document a moment when well-known opposing logics were suspended by exogenous urgency. This finding suggests possibilities for moving beyond deep-rooted views on established public administration structures and logics. Points for practitioners Financial managers show administrative skills that are useful for public administration changes in both administration and daily operations. These managers appear to have a strong core identity and willingness to dynamically engage with and facilitate acute frontline operational issues. In an emergency situation such as COVID-19, we find co-dependency across subject fields (administration and medical professions) which enables collaborations.

Finite-time adaptive anti-disturbance constrained control design for dynamic positioning of marine vessels with simulation and model-scale tests

For practical and complex offshore operations, preventing violations of system constraints can ensure safety and avoid potential marine accidents in harsh environments. This paper addresses a finite-time constrained control for dynamic positioning (DP) of vessels in the presence of inherent uncertainties, ocean disturbances, full-state and input constraints. For operational safety assurance, the core logic of the proposed constrained control strategy is to constrain the state variables including position output, velocity state, input control command within the designed safe region by employing barrier function and auxiliary system, respectively. To attenuate the adverse effects of unknown disturbances on safety and stability, an adaptive neural disturbance observer (ANDO) is constructed to compensate for lumped disturbances caused by inherent uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and sea loads. Then, the composite finite-time anti-disturbance constrained control strategy is formally proposed, which can guarantee semi-global practical finite-time stable (SGPFS) of the closed-loop systems. In offshore engineering, control schemes are not only theoretically feasible, but also need to be accurately verified to provide practical guidance value. For this purpose, the simulation and model-scale test are carried out to realistically reproduce the time-domain motion response of the vessels under ocean disturbances. The verification results further elucidate the applicability and feasibility of the proposed control design in practical offshore engineering.

Digital sustainable business models: Using digital technology to integrate ecological sustainability into the core of business models

AbstractWhen presented with the latest statistics on global warming, it becomes evident that ecological sustainability will be equally important as economic sustainability for companies. A new wave of start‐ups shows that ecological sustainability can be integral to a business model (BM) without compromising economic success. Like start‐ups that designed their BMs to be ecologically and economically sustainable, incumbents also need to undergo two fundamental transformations in parallel: digital and sustainable BM transformation. While each transformation alone is considered demanding, we examined 31 start‐ups to develop a taxonomy of digital sustainable BMs to understand how companies can master these complementary challenges and provide guidelines on achieving ecological and economic sustainability by implementing digital BMs. We use this taxonomy to derive four distinct archetypes of how sustainability can be an integral part of the BM: Sustainable Software Solutions, Sustainable Product‐Service Systems, Sustainability Intelligence, and Digital Sustainable Platforms. For each archetype, we reveal the role of digital technology in creating ecological BMs and how these BMs create sustainable value from an ecological, economic, and technological perspective. Therefore, we go beyond using digital technology to optimise production or logistics or enable remote work and implement sustainability as an integral part of the core logic of the organisation and its identity. For practice, our strategy guidelines contribute to creating a sustainable reality based on digital technology implemented in the BMs.