The layered dichalcogenide MoS_{2} is relevant for electrochemical Li adsorption/intercalation, in the course of which the material undergoes a concomitant structural phase transition from semiconducting 2H-MoS_{2} to metallic 1T-Li_{mathrm{x}}MoS_{2}. With the core hole clock approach at the S L_{1} X-ray absorption edge we quantify the ultrafast directional charge transfer of excited S3p electrons in-plane (parallel) and out-of-plane (perp) for 2H-MoS_{2} as tau _{2H,parallel } = 0.38 pm 0.08 fs and tau _{2H,perp } = 0.33 pm 0.06 fs and for 1T-Li_{mathrm{x}}MoS_{2} as tau _{1T,parallel } = 0.32 pm 0.12 fs and tau _{1T,perp } = 0.09 pm 0.07 fs. The isotropic charge delocalization of S3p electrons in the semiconducting 2H phase within the S-Mo-S sheets is assigned to the specific symmetry of the Mo-S bonding arrangement. Formation of 1T-Li_{mathrm{x}}MoS_{2} by lithiation accelerates the in-plane charge transfer by a factor of sim 1.2 due to electron injection to the Mo-S covalent bonds and concomitant structural repositioning of S atoms within the S-Mo-S sheets. For excitation into out-of-plane orbitals, an accelerated charge transfer by a factor of sim 3.7 upon lithiation occurs due to S-Li coupling.