Cordata Extract Research Articles

Development of Houttuynia cordata Extract-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery: High Drug Loading Efficiency and Controlled Release

Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) has been used for diuresis and detoxification in folk medicine as well as a herbal medicine with antiviral and antibacterial activities. H. cordata extract-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (H-SLNs) were prepared with various concentration of poloxamer 188 or poloxamer 407 by a hot homogenization and ultrasonication method. H-SLNs dispersion was freeze-dried with or without trehalose as a cryoprotectant. The physicochemical characteristics of H-SLNs were evaluated by dynamic laser scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the in vitro release and in vitro cytotoxicity of H-SLNs were measured. Encapsulation efficiencies of H-SLNs (as quercitrin) were 92.9–95.9%. The SEM images of H-SLNs showed that H-SLNs have a spherical morphology. DSC and FT-IR showed that there were no interactions between ingredients. The increased extent of particle size of freeze-dried H-SLNs with trehalose was significantly lower than that of H-SLNs without trehalose. H-SLNs provided sustained release of quercitrin from H. cordata extracts. Cell viability of Caco-2 cells was over 70% according to the concentration of various formulation. Therefore, it was suggested that SLNs could be good carrier for administering H. cordata extracts.

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution by Houttuynia Cordata Extract

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution by Houttuynia Cordata Extract

Safety of standardized Macleaya cordata extract in an eighty-four-day dietary study in dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of a standardized Macleaya cordata Extract Product (MCEP) containing the quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine and chelerythrine, when fed to dairy cows. Thirty-six dairy cows were randomized into three groups with twelve cows/treatment in two replica pens for each treatment group: control (C) without MCEP added to feed, treatment 1 (SANG-1000) with MCEP added to feed at 1,000mg/animal/day (1.5mg/kg bw/day) and treatment 2 (SANG-10000) with MCEP added to feed at 10,000mg/animal/day (15.5mg MCEP/kg bw/day). After two weeks of acclimation, animals were observed for an 84-day experimental period, with body weight, feed intake and milk production measured daily. Milk composition was analysed every two weeks. Haematological analyses were performed on Day 0 and Day 84, and clinical chemistry analyses were performed on Day 84 of the study. There was no statistically significant difference (p>.10) among the three groups on body condition score, milk production or milk composition over the study period. There were no significant differences in body weight gain or feed consumption among the three groups. Animals in the SANG-10000 group had significantly higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than the C group (p<.1) and lower mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than the SANG-1000 group (p<.1). Concentrations of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in milk samples collected on Day 84 were below the detection limit (LOD) as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In conclusion, this study presents compelling data supporting the hypothesis that the test product MCEP, when included in the TMR at up to 10,000mg/animal/day (15.5mg MCEP/kg bw/day), is well tolerated by dairy cows.

Houttuynia cordata Extract Improves Physical Endurance Performance by Regulating Endothelial Production of Nitric Oxide.

Vascular function is mediated by various regulatory molecules, including endothelial nitric oxide (NO), which regulates the vasodilation of smooth muscle cells. We investigated whether standardized Houttuynia cordata extract (SHCE) could improve physical endurance performance by regulating the endothelial production of NO. For the standardization of Houttuynia cordata (HC) extract, its bioactive components were identified and quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioaccessibility and biological activity were measured by the in vitro digestion model system and free radical scavenging capacity, respectively. The vascular function in the endothelium was assessed by the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). A preliminary clinical trial was carried out to assess the physical endurance performance. HC extract was standardized to bioactive components, including chlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercitrin, with the concentration of 5.53, 6.09, and 16.15 mg from 1 g of dry weight, respectively. Bioaccessibility was 33.17%, 31.67%, and 11.18% for chlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercitrin, respectively. Antioxidant activities of SHCE were expressed as vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity in 55.81 and 17.23 mg/g of HC extract using ABTS and DPPH scavenging assay, respectively. In human aortic endothelial cells, insulin-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS was increased by SHCE in the presence of palmitate. However, the expression of blood pressure-regulating genes was not altered. The level of blood lactate concentration and the heart rate of subjects who drank SHCE were lower than those of subjects who drank plain water. Oxygen uptake from subjects drinking SHCE was slightly higher than that from those who drank plain water. This study demonstrated that SHCE decreased heart rate and blood lactate, increased oxygen uptake, and improved physical performance, presumably due to the increased NO production.

Antiatherogenic and antioxidative effects of Houttuynia cordata extracts in rats fed a high-fat diet

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts from Houttuynia cordata on the serum lipid profile and hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats. Animals were fed either a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0, 1 or 5% H. cordata extracts for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation of H. cordata extracts at 1 and 5% normalized the HFD-induced weight gain in rats without a significant change in food intake. The H. cordata extracts dose-dependently increased serum HDL cholesterol levels in HFD-fed rats, resulting in a more than 2.5-fold decrease in atherogenic index. Lipid hydroperoxide content in the liver was significantly increased by HFD feeding, and the supplementation of H. cordata extracts at 5% reversed the hydroperoxide content to the level in the normally fed control group. Consistent with reduced hepatic lipid hydroperoxide, animals fed H. cordata extracts exhibited reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in the liver and serum. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extracts from H. cordata reduces atherogenic risk and hepatic oxidative damage induced by HFD consumption in rats.

Tolerance and Residue Study for Standardized Macleaya cordata Extract Added to Chicken Feed

3 Abstract: Feed palatability is necessary for optimum feed intake and utilization in all animal species. The effects of consumption of a standardized preparation of an extract of Macleaya cordata (M. cordata ), a herbaceous flowering perennial of the Papaveraceae family that contains isoquinoline alkaloids, has been evaluated when fed to chickens for 35 consecutive days from birth. The chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups (8 replicates of 10 birds/pen) and fed corn/soybean meal-based diets supplemented with a standardized M. cordata extract preparation at 0,100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg feed. After the treatment period, eight animals/treatment were randomly selected for blood collection and necropsied after slaughtering. Routine plasma biochemistry and a gross pathology examination were performed. Tissue and organ samples were analyzed for the isoquinoline alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine. No statistica l differences were found between treatment groups for live weight (LW), feed intake (FI) or average daily gain (ADG). Blood biochemical analyses showed significant changes in plasma creatinine and alkaline phosphatase levels, but these changes were not dose-dependent and not considered treatment-related. No treatment-related changes were found after necropsy of the selected organs and tissues. No chelerythrine was found in any tissues, while low levels of sanguinarine were found in two fat+skin samples in the 500 mg/kg feed and three fat+skin samples and one kidney sample in the 1000 mg/kg feed. The results of this study show that consumption of a standardized M. cordata extract preparation, at up to 1000 mg/kg feed, was well tolerated by chickens for 35 consecutive days.

한약재 추출 숙성물의 항균 및 항산화 효과 검증을 통한 가금 사료 내 항생제 대체 천연물질의 선발

Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, KoreaABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of ripened medicinal herb extracts from wood vinegar. The wood vinegar was collected from heated oaks. The Allium sativum (AS), Atractylodes ovate (AO), Cin- namomum zeylanicum (CZ), Coptidis rhizome (CR), Houttuynia cordata (HC), Phellodendron chinense (PC) and Syzygium aromaticum (SA) extracts were collected using wood vinegar, and they were ripened under room temperature for 50 days. All ripened medicinal herb extracts were used to test the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. For the Lactobacillus, clear zone of 6 different medicinal herb except for CR ranged from 1.28 to 1.63 mm. 3.30 and 3.48 mm of clear zone were determined when CZ and SA were applied to Salmonella and E. coli, respectively (p 0.05). The amount of polyphenol and flavonoid was the highest in SA and CR, and they were 4.28 and 0.38 mg/mL, respectively (p<0.05). The CR shown 0.38 mg/mL flavonoid, had the highest DPPH, and it was 0.41 mM. The DPPH of HZ was significantly lowered in accordance with high amount of polyphenol and flavonoid, 2.56 and 0.20 mg/mL (p<0.05). In conclusion, CZ, SA, and CR showed high antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials, and therefore, may be used as alternatives to antibiotics for poultry diets.(Key words : antibiotics, antimicrobial, antioxidant, medicinal herb, poultry)

Increased Flavonoid Compounds from Fermented Houttuynia cordata using Isolated Six of Bacillus from Traditionally Fermented Houttuynia cordata

Flavonoids, which form a major component in Houttuynia cordata Thunb., display a wide range of pharmacological activities. The expression of plant flavonoids is partly regulated by fermentation. Therefore, we studied the effects of fermentation on H. cordata in order to identify the strains present during the fermentation process, and to determine whether fermented H. cordata could be used as a probiotic. Our results showed that all 6 of the bacterial strains isolated from fermented H. cordata (FHC) belonged to the genus Bacillus. As expected, fermenting H cordata also increased the flavonoid content as increases were observed in the levels of rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin. To test the effects of fermentation, we treated LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with non-fermented H. cordata extracts (HCE) or FHC extracts (FHCE). Compared to the HCE-treated cells, the FHCE-treated cells showed increased viability. No cytotoxic effects were detected in the FHCE-treated groups in the 2 cell lines used in the study, namely, RAW264.7 and RBL-2H3. FHCE-treated HepG2 cells showed decreased growth, compared to HCE-treated HepG2 cells. These results indicate that the fermented H. cordata predominantly contained Bacillus strains. Furthermore, FHCE are able to prevent LPS-induced inflammatory effects and inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells.

The effects of dietary Houttuynia cordata and Taraxacum officinale extract powder on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs

A total of 144 [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] finishing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 50.09±0.51kg were used to evaluate the effects of Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) and Taraxacum officinale (T. officinale) extract powder on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and meat quality in pig. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design according to their sex and BW (12 replicates with 4 pigs per pen (2 gilts and 2 barrows)). Dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) H1 (CON+H. cordata extract powder 1g/kg) and 3) T1 (CON+T. officinale extract powder 1g/kg). Pigs fed H1 diets increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake ADFI (P<0.05) compared with those fed CON diet throughout the experiment. The inclusion of T1 led to a greater ADG (P<0.05) than CON treatment during the whole experiment. Administration of T1 improved (P<0.05) ADFI compared with CON treatment during 0 to 5 and 0 to 10weeks. Dietary H1 treatment led to a higher dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) digestibility than CON group (P<0.05). Pigs fed the T1 treatment increased the N digestibility compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). Supplementation of H1 led to a higher (P<0.05) white blood cell (WBC) concentration than CON group at the end of 5weeks. Both T1 and H1 treatments increased (P<0.05) Longissimus muscle (LM) area and the 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value than those in CON group. In conclusion, the inclusion of H. cordata extract powder (1g/kg) increased growth performance, DM and N digestibility, blood WBC concentration, meat LM area and TBARS value, whereas T. officinale extract powder supplementation (1g/kg) increased growth performance, meat LM area and TBARS value in finishing pigs.

Study on the Effects of Houttuynia Cordata Extracts on Emulsions

Objectives : Since cosmetics have been one of the help of life, unlike medicine, natural products have been used for cosmetics, generally giving the image of safety and relief compared to synthetic products. Among them, Houttuynia cordata has been known as a useful herbal medicine with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we were to use Houttuynia cordata extract on formulation of cosmetic emulsions. Methods : The effects of Houttuynia cordata extract on emulsion stability and viscoelastic properties of emulsion were measured using turbiscan and rheometer. And we assessed the anti-oxidative and antibiotic activities of Houttuynia cordata extract. Results : 1. The results of this investigation for emulsion stability showed that the stability emulsion containing Houttuynia cordata extract was decreased depending on concentration of Houttuynia cordata extract. 2. Super oxide dismutase activity was strongly dependents on concentration of Houttuynia cordata extract. 3. Houttuynia cordata extract showed good anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions : Houttuynia cordata extract can be effectively used in cosmetic emulsions when the relation between natural product extracts and formulation of cosmetics is elucidated.

MACLEAYA CORDATA EXTRACT AND SANGROVIT GENOTOXICITY. ASSESSMENT IN VIVO

Sanguinarine (SG) has been reported to form DNA adducts in vitro and increase the levels of DNA single strand breaks in the blood and bone marrow of mice treated intraperitoneally with SG. Recently, we showed no genotoxic effects of orally administrated 120 mg/kg feed Macleaya cordata extract (a mixture of sanguinarine and chelerythrine) in pigs or rats in 90-day studies. The goal of this paper was to assess the possible genotoxicity of M. cordata extract when included as a dietary admixture to rodents at concentrations providing 600 mg/kg feed and 100, 7000 or 14000 mg/kg feed Sangrovit (natural feed additive containing M. cordata extract and powdered M. cordata) in a 90-day pilot study. The rats consumed ad libitum either the standard diet or the diets containing 367 ppm of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in M. cordata extract, and 5, 330, or 660 ppm of total alkaloids in Sangrovit for 90 days. The DNA adducts formation in liver was analyzed by (32)P-postlabeling technique and DNA single strand breaks in lymphocytes were evaluated by Comet assay. The results showed that M. cordata extract and/or Sangrovit induced no DNA damage to rat lymphocytes or hepatocytes after 90-days oral administration. Data from the studies described in this paper and the fact that Sangrovit given to the rats in our experiments were higher than the recommended dose (50 to 100 mg/kg feed), argue strongly in favour of the use of Sangrovit in live stock.

Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Species From a Brazilian Hotspot for Conservation Priority

Serra do Cipó is part of a Brazilian bioma recently qualified as a “hotspot for conservation priority,” an area featuring exceptional concentrations of endemic species and experiencing exceptional loss of habitat. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of 20 plant species occurring in this habitat was evaluated against 4 bacteria and 2 fungal strains. About 75% of the species were active against at least one microorganism. None of the species inhibited the growing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisae. The activities of Lavoisiera cordata and Xyris pilosa extracts against Staphylococcus aureus were comparable to that of the pure antibiotic used as a positive control. The preliminary toxicity of the active extracts was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality test and only three plants showed LD 50 values greater than 1000µg/ml, suggesting that they are relatively non-toxic. Some of the assayed plants are endangered species, presenting different degrees of extinction risk. According to our data, the plant activity against more than one microorganism seems to be advantageous to the evaluated species in protecting them against extinction.

Studies on antitussive activity of Drymaria cordata Willd. (Caryophyllaceae)

The methanol extract of Drymaria cordata Willd, was investigated for its effect on a cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas in mice. It exhibited significant antitussive activity when compared with the control in a dose-dependent manner. The antitussive activity of the extract was comparable to that of codeine phosphate, a prototype antitussive agent. The D. cordata extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) showed 11.6%, 31.6% and 51.5% inhibition of cough with respect to the control group.