Coral Stone Research Articles

Coral Community: Preliminary Biodiversity Survey of Churna Island, Northern Arabian Sea

Biodiversity survey between Cape Monze and Churna Island was carried out for the assessment of coral assemblages in the area. During the present study, diving surveys were conducted to document the living corals that included deep sea coral, Coelenterates, Bryozoans, Gorgonia (Sea Fan), Scleractinian, (Stony Corals) Cnidaria (Hydroids), Porites (Small Polyp Stony), Pocilopora (Cauliflower Corals), Acropora (Hard Corals), sea urchins, sea anemones, coral fish spp, sea slugs, stone fish and bivalves were observed and documented. To have a better understanding of the distribution pattern “Shannon Weiner Biodiversity Index” for species diversity “H” (0.845-1.176) and evenness “J” (0.962-0.937) were calculated, the values indicate that the coral species were evenly distributed and did not show any significant variation in the area. Budding coral communities were observed at the sedimentary rock of Churna in patches, and showed a random distribution behavior all along the surveyed area. Random, scattered and aggregate distribution patterns of corals may be due to the wave beaten physical environment of Churna Island that do not allow sustainable growth of coral communities. Moreover, the high energy waves and water currents destablize and erode the sedimentary substrate on which corals grow. The corals are therefore unable to establish themselves to form a natural reef due to loss of natural living and non-living substrate. The ecology of Churna Island also under the influence of nearby coastal industries, and the Hub River influx causing floods in the SW monsoon period that may destablize rubble and increase the seawater turbidity level. These environmental factors contributing to the deterioration of present day corals, and larval settlement. It may be concluded that biological resources are renewable and can even increase with proper management techniques. Breakwater wall and artificial substrate must be encouraged to further facilitate the growth and development of Corals in the area.

Coral Community: Preliminary Biodiversity Survey of Churna Island, Northern Arabian Sea

Biodiversity survey between Cape Monze and Churna Island was carried out for the assessment of coral assemblages in the area. During the present study, diving surveys were conducted to document the living corals that included deep sea coral, Coelenterates, Bryozoans, Gorgonia (Sea Fan), Scleractinian, (Stony Corals) Cnidaria (Hydroids), Porites (Small Polyp Stony), Pocilopora (Cauliflower Corals), Acropora (Hard Corals), sea urchins, sea anemones, coral fish spp, sea slugs, stone fish and bivalves were observed and documented. To have a better understanding of the distribution pattern “Shannon Weiner Biodiversity Index” for species diversity “H” (0.845-1.176) and evenness “J” (0.962-0.937) were calculated, the values indicate that the coral species were evenly distributed and did not show any significant variation in the area. Budding coral communities were observed at the sedimentary rock of Churna in patches, and showed a random distribution behavior all along the surveyed area. Random, scattered and aggregate distribution patterns of corals may be due to the wave beaten physical environment of Churna Island that do not allow sustainable growth of coral communities. Moreover, the high energy waves and water currents destablize and erode the sedimentary substrate on which corals grow. The corals are therefore unable to establish themselves to form a natural reef due to loss of natural living and non-living substrate. The ecology of Churna Island also under the influence of nearby coastal industries, and the Hub River influx causing floods in the SW monsoon period that may destablize rubble and increase the seawater turbidity level. These environmental factors contributing to the deterioration of present day corals, and larval settlement. It may be concluded that biological resources are renewable and can even increase with proper management techniques. Breakwater wall and artificial substrate must be encouraged to further facilitate the growth and development of Corals in the area.

Characteristics and deterioration mechanisms in coral stones used in a historical monument in a saline environment

Information on properties and behavior of the ancient materials is critical in adopting appropriate strategies for preservation of historic monuments. Coral stones are materials with unique physical properties, and is common in ancient stone constructions. But these are not commonly in use in new buildings, and even quarrying of coral stones is banned in several island countries. However, considering the importance in heritage protection, there is a need to define their properties and performance. The current paper documents the condition and typical damage patterns of a coral stone heritage structure and analyses the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the coral stone through in-situ and lab tests. The material properties and the microstructural details are examined to understand weathering of coral stone. The resistance of the material to salt crystallization was studied by performing sodium sulfate and sodium chloride immersion and drying cycles. Based on the results of the microstructural modifications seen on artificial salt weathering, the unique pore distribution system in the coral stones is found as the key for a higher resistance to crystallization of soluble salts. Erosion due to rain water and wind are concluded as the potential causes for the kind of damages observed.

Lowering the Gaze

This article is written by one of the co-creators of the monumental public sculpture entitled I Am Queen Mary that was done in collaboration with Jeannette Ehlers. Inaugurated on March 31, 2018 the project is the first collaborative sculpture to memorialize Denmark’s colonial impact in the Caribbean and those who fought against it. The essay traces the beginning of the collaboration as a transatlantic conversation that prompted the development of two separate ideas and articulates how the monument represents a point of convergence of the artistic practices of both Belle and Ehlers. Moreover, the essay highlights how the conjoining of the original monument projects created various conversations and tensions around colonial structures and visibility. By entering the work through its coral stone base, it uses the acropodia as a conceptual framework to discuss the hidden infrastructures of coloniality and how - through lowering the gaze and other sensorial shifts - a new kind of embodied knowledge can be gained. The article employs Kevin Quashie’s ideas around the aesthetics of quiet as a way to not only think differently about resistance and blackness as only exterior phenomena, but to consider the power and complexity of interiority. By extension, offering up a similar lense to view the inner life of coloniality, the article discusses how through the acropodia in I Am Queen Mary the invisible structures and labor of not only colonial systems, but the monument itself, can be made transparent.

Coral Stone Architecture, Chinese Porcelain, and Indian Ocean Artifacts along the Swahili Coast: Cross-Cultural Dynamics in Medieval East Africa

While the use of Chinese porcelain dishes in the stone towns along the Swahili coast has recently found much attention in art historical scholarship regarding the eighteenth to early twentieth centuries, the pre-history of these dynamics in the medieval period has up to now only been fully considered in other fields such as archaeology and anthropology. This paper sheds new light on the interrelations between the built environment and material culture in coastal East Africa from an art historical perspective, focusing on premodern Indian Ocean trajectories, the role of Chinese porcelain bowls that were immured into Swahili coral stone buildings, and on architecture across boundaries in a medieval world characterized by far-reaching transcultural entanglements and connectivity. It will show how Chinese porcelain bowls in premodern Swahili architecture linked the stone towns along the coast with other sites both inland and across the Indian Ocean and beyond, and how these dynamics were shaped by complex intersections between short-distance and long-distance-relationships and negotiations between the local and the global along the Swahili coast and beyond.

Polyp Relationships Reveal the Growth Pattern of Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are formed by living polyps, and understanding the dynamic processes behind reef stones is crucial for marine ecological restoration. However, these processes are still unclear because the growth and budding patterns of living polyps are poorly known. Here, we investigate the growth pattern of a prevalently distributed reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis from Xisha Islands using high-resolution computed tomography. We examine the budding, growth, and distribution pattern of polyps in a single coral stone and reconstruct the growth pattern of the entire polyp network. The results reveal that the three-stage growth pattern of P. damicornis is based on multiple types of polyps forming growth bundles along dichotomous growth axes. Our work on the three-dimensional structures of polyps sheds new light on the process of coral reef formation and suggests that Pocillopora is an important animal model for studying the growth and budding patterns of living polyps.

French Polynesia

French Polynesia Lorenz Gonschor The most important events during the year under review were the territorial elections of late April and early May 2018, in which Édouard Fritch, after essentially ruling as a usurper for the last four years, was able to consolidate his power as the country's new strong-man by receiving a democratic mandate. Besides the elections, the period [End Page 194] remained relatively calm and without major upheavals. While the tourism economy seems to be slowly recovering, two controversial economic mega-projects remain hotly debated. On the international level, French defiance of UN resolutions on the territory appears to continue unabated under the Macron administration. The review period began with a new boost of international acknowledgment for the country, and by extension the Pacific region at large, when on 9 July the Executive Council of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (unesco), at a meeting in Krakow, Poland, declared Marae Taputapuatea, a historical temple complex on the island of Raiatea, a World Heritage Site. For several years, cultural organizations on Raiatea as well as several local politicians had been campaigning for the temple's listing, and with their lobbying the nomination of the site slowly progressed. For the final decision, both the President of French Polynesia Édouard Fritch and the mayor of the Taputapuatea municipality on Raiatea, Thomas Moutame, traveled to Krakow to be present at the historic occasion (ti, 9 July 2017). Marae Taputapuatea is an outstanding example of Polynesian megalithic architecture, with walls made out of coral stone slabs of a height of up to 3.5 meters each. The temple complex also has a regional importance that transcends today's political boundaries, as it was one of the most important spiritual and cultural centers of Eastern Polynesia during the centuries before European contact, with oral histories and temple names in other parts of French Polynesia, the Cook Islands, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Hawai'i referring to the site. The inscription of Taputapuatea as a World Heritage Site marks what is so far the highest level of increasing institutional recognition of traditional Polynesian culture and spirituality. While Christian influence had for about two centuries obscured and denigrated many aspects of that culture, it is increasingly coming back in full force (Saura 2009). During the review period, one of the leading figures in the contemporary spiritual revival movement, Sunny Moanaura Walker—who unapologetically identifies as a "pagan"—gained widespread recognition when a known local author published a biography about him (Ariirau 2017). A more problematic aspect of Taputapuatea's world heritage listing, however, is that as long as the country remains a French dependency, unesco considers France, not the country government, as the state party responsible for the site. In consequence, Taputapuatea is now listed as a "French" heritage site on unesco's website alongside such monuments as the Cathedral of Reims and the Palace of Versailles (unesco 2018), reinforcing France's colonial claim over the site rather than identifying it as a pan-Polynesian monument. Meanwhile, the country's unresolved decolonization continued to be hotly debated within other UN agencies. During the annual hearings before the UN Decolonization Committee in New York at the beginning of October, the political status of French Polynesia was once again a subject of contention. President Fritch testified repeatedly that his country [End Page 195] was fulfilling all of the conditions of a self-governing country and should therefore be removed from the list of territories to be decolonized. However, since the country government actually only has administrative but no sovereign powers, which remain France's exclusive prerogatives, the president earned little recognition. Accordingly, the Overseas Territories Review blog stated that Fritch's statements were nothing more than "Colonial Accomodationist Antics" (otr, 4 Oct 2017). The fifteen other representatives of French Polynesia who testified at the hearing all agreed and condemned their president and France's refusal to cooperate with the UN decolonization agencies (otr, 4 Oct 2017; rnz, 6 Oct 2017). In late November, this assessment received additional confirmation when the International Olympic Committee (ioc) in Lausanne, Switzerland, responded to a request for subsidies to the local Olympic Committee of French Polynesia. The ioc stated that...

Ibo Island in the Quirimbas Archipelago. An Architectural Heritage Within a Natural Heritage

This paper presents the method adopted in the study of Ibo, a small island of the Quirimbas Archipelago in northern Mozambique. Ibo is part of a larger study, begun in 2004 which is still ongoing. In the first phase, the author's attention was focused on the restoration of the historic architecture built with coral limestone. But very soon it became evident that it was necessary to study the context in which these coral architectures were built. After a few years of careful observation, it was apparent that coral stone architecture is strongly conditioned by the knowledge and conservation of the natural environment in which it is built. And in the case of Ibo, the beauty of its heritage and its conservation lies in the delicate balance between architecture and nature.

Community-based adaptation in low-lying islands in the Philippines: challenges and lessons learned

Community-based adaptation (CBA) seeks to address climate risks and socio-economic drivers of vulnerability simultaneously. However, as CBA activities appear very similar to standard development work, difficulties in identifying good practices arise. To clarify the role of CBA, this study elucidated how climate change can impact pre-existing development problems by investigating the experiences of four low-lying island communities in central Philippines. The islands currently suffer from frequent and extreme tidal flooding (following an earthquake-induced land subsidence in 2013, with a magnitude that is broadly similar to sea-level rise projections under a 1.5 to 2 °C global warming scenario), and endured a dry spell in 2016. The study also identified various publicly and privately initiated adaptation strategies, and evaluated their resilience against actual biophysical events. The study conducted focus group discussions with local leaders and in-depth interviews with government officials and residents in March 2016. Results show that tidal flooding impacted almost all aspects of daily life on the islands, while the dry spell completely depleted their limited water supplies. The strategies implemented by governments and NGOs (e.g., seawalls, rainwater collectors) were found to be inadequate in preventing tidal flooding and compensating for the dry spell. Also, communities used coral stones and plastic waste for raising the floors of their homes, which have an erosive effect on their capacity to adapt in the long term. Lack of community participation in publicly initiated projects and lack of adaptation funding for community-based strategies were the greatest obstacles to implementing climate-resilient solutions.

IbM PEMBUATAN BATU ALAM BUATAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKU TEMPURUNG, KARANG, PASIR DAN SEMEN

Due to the increasing price and the issue of nature conservation, using natural stone as a building material causes its own problems. The purpose of this activity is to alternate the natural stone material with synthetic materials so that the natural nuances still appear without disturbing the natural. Artifical raw materials used are coconut shell, reefs are widely obtained around their residence. Method of implementation: 1) Collection of raw materials of portland cement, coconut shell, coral and sand, 2) Manufacture of molding beggisting size 15cm x 30cm (22 pieces), 25cm x 40cm (19 pieces), and 10cm x 40cm (1 piece) with 2 cm of thickness, 3) Preparation of mortar with 2 layer composition, layer A with ratio 2 portland cement: 1 coconut shell: 1 coral, and B with the ratio of mixture 1 portland cemen: 2 sand and sufficient water, 4) Printing by filling the volume of the mold and allowing for 3 days, 5) Opening the mold begisting after casting 3 days, then soaking immersed for 3 days to get desired hardness, 6) Stripping the top layer to get desired texture with an iron grinder, 7) Doing the drying for 1 day and 8) We recommend that teh natural stone is finished with spesial paint for natural stone. The results obtained from the activity are: 1) Obtain the production of artifical natural stone, 2) Perform stripping of the top layer to obtain natural artificial stone texture using 2 cm thick grinding machine, 3) Conducting product marketing. Keywords: brand natural stone, coral stone, and piece of coconut shell.

Dilemma of local socio-economic perspectives in management of historic ruins in Kilwa Kisiwani World Heritage Site, Tanzania

The study explored the value that local residents place on historic ruins, focusing on their socio-economic value. It also explored the implications of conventional Cultural Heritage Management’s (CHM) indifference to this. Using in-depth data from 22 residents in Kilwa Kisiwani World Heritage Site in Tanzania, the study found that residents not only attach cultural value to the ruins, but also consider them a conservation project and tourist attraction, from which they can earn money and get employment and see infrastructure and social facilities developed. It also found that the destructive activities of illegally digging to construct toilets and water collectors, letting domestic animals wander in the ruins, quarrying old underground walls for coral stones, and lighting fires are partly the result of limited socio-economic benefits, inconsistent business opportunities, complaints about employment and payment, and few feasible alternatives for making a living. By engaging with the socio-economic discourse, this study broadens our understanding of the integration of conservation in the broader social agenda, and contributes to the economist-anthropologic debate on CHM. It informs heritage managers and policy makers on alternative strategies that would maintain the sustainability of the heritage.

Мультиперкутанный доступ в лечении коралловидного нефролитиаза

In order to assess the efficacy and safety of a combination of standard and minimally invasive multi- percutaneous nephrolithotomy in coral nephrolithiasis, we analyzed 55 patients with coral stones, who were treated at the urology clinic of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov, where combined standard and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) was performed. Nephroscope 24 Ch or 26 Ch and Amplatz-casings 28-30 Ch, ultrasonic lithotriptor; for minimally invasive - minnefroscope 12 Ch with tubes 16,5 Ch, ultiminefroscope 7.5 Ch with a tube 11 Ch, laser lithotripter were used during standard PNL. 2 access were performed in 48 (87.3%) observations, 3 - in 6 (10.9%), 4 - 1 (1.8%). Complete renal sanation after the first procedure was achieved in 47 (85.5%) observations, 6 patients underwent repeated nephroscopy, the remaining 2 residual stones were in isolated calyces and did not require additional treatment. Intraoperative complications were recorded in 3 patients in the form of hemorrhage, who underwent second nephroscopy. Among the postoperative complications, fever above 38 ° in 8 patients was noted. The obtained results demonstrate high efficiency and safety of combined standard and minimally invasive PNl from multi-access.

Возможности ретроградной интраренальной хирургии в лечении коралловидного нефролитиаза

Introduction. Coronal nephrolithiasis is a serious disease that occupies one of the leading places among diseases of the urogenital system. Choose of the least traumatic benefit in this category of patients is one of the most difficult tasks in urological practice. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of RIRH in the treatment of coral nephrolithiasis. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of RIRC performance in 65 patients with coral nephrolithiasis of various degrees was performed. Resultants. Positive result after PIRC was noted in 42 (64.6%) patients. Remote shock wave lithotripsy was performed in 17 (26.2%) patients with residual calculi. Six (9.2%) patients underwent repeated retrograde nephrolithotripsy. The conclusion. Thus, RIRC is a comparatively effective method for treating patients with coral stones, and is a method of selecting a particular patient for patients who are unable to perform CNlT or are at high risk for complications.

Prita Meier, Swahili Port Cities: The Architecture of Elsewhere

Prita Meier’s Swahili Port Cities: the Architecture of Elsewhere is a highly original and important contribution to scholarship on East Africa, and more widely for scholars interested in complicating how we understand the formation of global cities and border zone societies. It is not a conventional architectural history, yet it places buildings, in particular the coral and lime stone constructions found on the Swahili coast, at its heart. Meier uses the “materiality of city life” to offer “a...

Small-island communities in the Philippines prefer local measures to relocation in response to sea-level rise

Most adaptation studies suggest that sea-level rise will lead to relocation as flooding worsens. Here we identified and evaluated potential adaptation strategies for adapting to sea-level rise, based on the experiences of four low-lying island communities in central Philippines that have experienced flooding during normal high tides since a 2013 earthquake that induced land subsidence. Coastal surveys, interviews and household questionnaires showed that island residents generally prefer in situ adaptation strategies rather than relocation to the mainland. These results are unexpected, particularly because a relocation programme has been developed by authorities on the mainland. Direct measurements during a flooding event indicate stilted housing as the most effective type of adaptation strategy. Many households have also raised their floors using coral stones, although this might inadvertently increase their vulnerability to typhoons and storm surges in the long-term. It is often assumed that increased flooding due to sea-level rise will lead to mass migration. However, this study shows that residents of island communities in the Philippines prefer to implement local adaptation measures in response to frequent severe flooding rather than relocate.

Distribution of Coral Reefs Stone at the Reef Flat of South Coast Putus-Putus Island East Ratatotok, Ratatotok District Southeast Minahasa Regency

This research was conducted at the reef flat of south Putus-Putus Island, East Ratatotok, Ratatotok district, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This research was done no data of coral distribution available in Putus-Putus Island. This research aimed to describe the distribution of corals in Putus-Putus Island. The benefit of the study was to provide information and contribution to coral reef management efforts in the region. Data was collected using transect-quadrat methodt. There were 3 sampling points determined, the inner reef flats, the middle reef flats, and the outer reef flat. Each depth was laid five 50 m–transects, and each transect had 10 1x1-quadrats. The distance between quadrats was 5 m. Any coral found in the quadrat was recorded on a data sheet and photographed using an underwater camera. The highest percent cover was recorded at the outer reef flat, 57.32%, followed by the middle reef flat, 39.08%, and the lowest was found in the inner reef flat, 11.38%. The most coral lifeform cover in Putus-Putus Island reef flat was Coral Massive, 42.98%. General condition of coral reefs was good at the outer reef flat, moderate at the middle reef flat, and poor at the inner reef flat, respectively. Hard coral diversity index (H’) value was 0.36 at the inner reef flat, 0.56 at the middle reef flat, and 0.51 at the outer reef flat. Eveness index was 0.52 at the inner reef flats, 0.59 at the middle reef flat and 0.60 at the outer reef flat, respectively. Dominance index was 0.61 at the inner reef flat, 0.43 at the middle reef flat, and 0.45 at the outer reef flat. The distribution pattern was clustered in all sampling points. Keyword : Distribution, Coral Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pantai selatan Pulau Putus-Putus Desa Ratatotok Timur Kecamatan Ratatotok Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum ada data distribusi karang batu di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi karang batu di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Manfaat penelitian yaitu dapat menjadi sumber informasi dan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi upaya pengelolaan terumbu karang di wilayah Ratatotok di masa yang akan datang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadran. Pada lokasi penelitian, ditentukan tiga titik pengambilan data, yaitu kedalaman inner reef flat, middle reef flat dan outer reef flat. Pada setiap kedalaman diletakkan 5 transek ulangan, dengan panjang 50 meter, pada setiap transek diletakkan 10 buah kuadran berukuran 1x1 meter dengan jarak antar kuadran adalah 5 meter. Setiap karang yang ditemukan dalam kuadran dicatat pada data sheet dan mengambil gambar dengancamera underwater. Persentase tutupan karang batu tertinggi diperoleh pada kedalaman outer reef flat yaitu sebesar 57,32 % diikuti dengan middle reef flat 39,08 % dan tutupan terendah pada kedalaman inner reef flat yaitu 11,38 %. Bentuk pertumbuhan karang batu yang paling banyak menutupi rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus adalah Coral massive sebesar 42,98%. Secara umum kondisi terumbu karang pada kedalaman outer reef flat dikategorikan baik, kedalaman middle reef flat dikategorikan cukup dan kedalaan inner reef flat dikategorikan rusak/buruk. Dari hasil analisis, nilai indeks keanekaragaman karang batu di tiap kedalaman sebagai berikut: kedalaman inner reef flat (H' = 0,36), kedalaman middle reef flat (H' = 0,56) dan kedalaman outer reef flat (0,51). Hasil indeks kesamarataan untuk tiap kedalaman adalah kedalaman inner reef flat (e = 0,52), kedalaman middle reef flat (e = 0,59) dan outer reef flat (e = 0,60). Nilai indeks dominasi pada kedalaman inner reef flat tergolong dalam kriteria dominasi sedang 0,61 dan kedalaman middle reef flat dan outer reef flat dominasi rendah 0,43 – 0,45. Pola distribusi karang batu pada ketiga kedalaman adalah mengelompok. 1Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Rekayasa Alat Pengering Rumput Laut

Seaweed dried device that has been changed well done, which the system has transferred the warm throughout the left and the right side wall can transfer the warm to the dried shelves. The dried has been for 28 hours on the 40 o c – 60 o c temperature with the heavy of the dried sea weed is about 20 kg. the seaweed dried device specification conclude of ; 124 cm high, 80 cm length, 80 cm width. The warm space has length 77 cm, 48 cm width, 9 cm high, with 27 kg capacities the coral stones as the warm media.

Conservation of Coral Stone Architectural Heritage on the Coast of East Africa

Much of the architectural heritage on the coast of East Africa was built with coral limestone and today it suffers from a severe decay. Swahili architecture and European colonial architecture are part of this heritage. After many observations at sites such as Inhambane, Ilha de Moçambique and Ilha de Ibo, we think that the phenomenon of regeneration of soluble salts is the main cause of degradation of coral stone buildings.Knowledge and mastery of the physical and chemical phenomena in coral stone buildings are the basis of the preservation process. But the techniques of the past, when known to the restorer, can suggest the best way for the restoration and maintenance practices (Some topics of this theme: lime from coral - sand fluvial from the Ibo Island - murrapa juice, as an additive for mortar).Finally, the paper proposes the idea of preserving historic coastal settlements in an optimal equilibrium with natural environment assets.

サンゴの石垣に対する住民の意識と評価に関する研究

In Amami-Oshima, coral stone walls are made as a windbreak hedge in local houses and also contributes to a scenic village landscape. In recent years, many coral stone walls were replaced with brick fences and there are almost no villages where the coral stone walls remain in Amami-Oshima. This research grasped the distribution of the coral stone walls and the actual conditions of its landscape. The study also clarified the residents' evaluation of the village landscape of the coral stone wall through a case study in Nishikomi village, Setouchi city. This research has shown that residents need the coral stone wall for the aspect of function and village landscape in their daily life.

Tinggianthura alba: a new genus and species of Anthuridae (Isopoda, Cymothoida, Anthuroidea) from Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia with an updated key to the genera of Anthuridae.

A new anthurid isopod from dead coral rubble and stones in the intertidal area of Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia, is described. It is placed in a new genus and species, Tinggianthura alba. Tinggianthura is characterized by: (1) subtriangular carpus shape of pereopods 4–7, (2) pereopod 1 propodus palm without prominent tooth or steps and (3) maxillipedal palp 2-articled.