Coptis Teeta Research Articles

Exploring the hidden treasures of Coptis teeta Wall.: Ethnomedicinal claims, traditional wisdom and promising avenues for research

Coptis teeta Wall., commonly known as Mishmi teeta, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family and is rich in various bioactive compounds. It is classified as endangered on the Red List and is endemic to the Eastern Himalayas in Northeast India, representing a valuable repository of traditional wisdom and ethno medicinal practices. This article compiles available data on C. teeta for the first time, drawing from classical Ayurveda texts, botanical floras and research databases. Since 3000 B.C., this "Goldthread" has been an integral part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as Rhizoma coptidis. Through an extensive literature search, including online published reviews, research articles, and ethnomedicinal survey reports, it has been found that various tribes in Arunachal Pradesh, India, have utilized its potent therapeutic benefits for centuries to treat ailments such as gastrointestinal disorders, malaria, diabetes, eye disorders, infectious diseases, and more. The vivid pharmacological activities of C. teeta are primarily attributed to its alkaloids and other non-alkaloidal components, although limited preclinical work has been reported to date. The roots and rhizomes of C. teeta are rich in alkaloids such as berberine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, epiberberine, coptisine and palmatine. These compounds play a significant therapeutic role in managing various ailments, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. They possess anti- inflammatory and analgesic properties, offer neuroprotective effects, aid in metabolic regulation and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Additionally, this review discusses the extensive trade benefits of C. teeta, the reasons for its threatened status, and various practical approaches for its conservation and cultivation. By bridging ethnomedicinal knowledge with scientific modernization through a multidisciplinary research approach, this review aims to unlock the hidden treasures of C. teeta and encourage further pharmacological research and standardization.

Genome-wide identification of a MADS-box transcription factor family and their expression during floral development in Coptis teeta wall

BackgroundMADS-box transcription factors have been shown to be involved in multiple developmental processes, including the regulation of floral organ formation and pollen maturation. However, the role of the MADS-box gene family in floral development of the alpine plant species Coptis teeta Wall, which is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is unknown.ResultsSixty-six MADS-box genes were identified in the C. teeta genome. These genes were shown to be unevenly distributed throughout the genome of C. teeta. The majority of which (49) were classified as type I MADS-box genes and were further subdivided into four groups (Mα, Mβ, Mγ and Mδ). The remainder were identified as belonging to the type II MADS-box gene category. It was observed that four pairs of segmental and tandem duplication had occurred in the C. teeta MADS-box gene family, and that the ratios of Ka/Ks were less than 1, suggesting that these genes may have experienced purifying selection during evolution. Gene expression profiling analysis revealed that 38 MADS-box genes displayed differential expression patterns between the M and F floral phenotypes. Sixteen of these MADS-box genes were further verified by RT-qPCR. The 3D structure of each subfamily gene was predicted, further indicating that MADS-box genes of the same type possess structural similarities to the known template.ConclusionsThese data provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of dichogamy and herkogamy formation in C. teeta and establish a solid foundation for future studies of the MADS-box genes family in this medicinal plant species.

A haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Coptis teeta, an endangered plant of significant medicinal value

Coptis teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae), an endangered plant species of significant medicinal value, predominantly undergoes clonal propagation, potentially compromising the species’ evolutionary potential and ultimately increase its risk of extinction. In this study, we successfully assembled two sets of haploid genomes (Hap1 and Hap2) for C. teeta, comprising nine homologous chromosome pairs, by employing Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies. The genome annotation identified a total of 43,979 and 46,311 protein-coding genes in Hap1 and in Hap2, and most of them were functionally annotated. The high-quality reference genome will serve as an indispensable genomic resource for conservation and comprehensive exploitation of this endangered species. Between the two haploid genomes, numerous structural alterations were detected within the nine homologous chromosome pairs, potentially resulting in aberrant synapsis and irregular chromosomal segregation and thus contributing to the sustained preservation of clonal propagation in C. teeta. The findings offer new perspective for elucidating the genetic mechanism underlying the compromised sexual reproductive capacity of C. teeta, thereby facilitating its enhancement though molecular breeding and genetic improvement.

R2R3-MYB Gene Family in Coptis teeta Wall.: Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogeny, Evolutionary Expansion, and Expression Analyses during Floral Development.

The R2R3-MYB gene family represents a widely distributed class of plant transcription factors. This gene family plays an important role in many aspects of plant growth and development. However, the characterization of R2R3-MYB genes present in the genome of Coptis teeta has not been reported. Here, we describe the bioinformatic identification and characterization of 88 R2R3-MYB genes in this species, and the identification of members of the R2R3-MYB gene family in species within the order Ranales most closely related to Coptis teeta. The CteR2R3-MYB genes were shown to exhibit a higher degree of conservation compared to those of A. thaliana, as evidenced by phylogeny, conserved motifs, gene structure, and replication event analyses. Cis-acting element analysis confirmed the involvement of CteR2R3-MYB genes in a variety of developmental processes, including growth, cell differentiation, and reproduction mediated by hormone synthesis. In addition, through homology comparisons with the equivalent gene family in A. thaliana, protein regulatory network prediction and transcriptome data analysis of floral organs across three time periods of flower development, 17 candidate genes were shown to exhibit biased expression in two floral phenotypes of C. teeta. This suggests their potential involvement in floral development (anther development) in this species.

Several major herb pairs containing Coptidis rhizoma: a review of key traditional uses, constituents and compatibility effects.

Herb compatibility is the soul of traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions. Coptidis rhizoma (CR) (Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao, or Coptis teeta Wall.; family Ranunculaceae), is a well-known herb. The bitter and cold nature of CR can irritate the spleen and stomach, and certain ingredients in CR may trigger allergic reactions. Herb combinations can help alleviate the side effects caused by CR. Through data analysis and literature research, there are many herbs combined with CR have a high frequency, but only a few are currently used as formulae in clinical practice. The results showed that these six herb pairs are usually widely studied or used as prescriptions in the clinic. This paper describes the six herb pairs from the key traditional uses, changes in bioactive constituents, and compatibility effects, especially with Euodiae fructus (family Rutaceae), Scutellariae radix (family Lamiaceae), Magnoliae Officinalis cortex (family Magnoliaceae), Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (family Fabaceae), Ginseng radix et rhizoma (family Araliaceae), and Aucklandiae radix (family Asteraceae), and found that herbs are more effective when used in combination. Therefore, it is feasible to establish some methods to study herb pairs comprehensively from different perspectives. This paper aims to provide the latest and most comprehensive information on the six herb pairs and summarize the pattern of CR compatibility effects. It aims to attract more attention, and further experimental studies will be conducted to investigate and evaluate the effects of herb pairs containing CR. These data can also provide valuable references for researchers and also provide more possibilities for future applications in clinical practice and new drug development.

Effects of three Huanglian-derived polysaccharides on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome of high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetes mice

Plant-derived polysaccharides are important components for biological functions. The objective of this study is to study the mechanisms by which polysaccharides from three Huanglian (Rhizome Coptidis, HL) of Coptis chinensis, C. deltoidea, and Coptis teeta affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing the gut microbiome and their metabolites. A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) induction was used to construct the T2DM mice model. The histopathology of liver, pancreas, and colon, biochemical indexes related to mice were determined to assess the ameliorative effects of these three HL polysaccharides (HLPs) on T2DM. The results indicated that oral HLPs improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, blood lipid levels, and β-cell function. Further, HLPs elevated the growth of advantageous beneficial bacteria within the gut microbiota and raised the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyric acid. Metabolic analyses showed that HLPs ameliorated the effects of T2DM on microbial-derived metabolites and related metabolic pathways, especially the biosynthetic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. In the combined analysis, many associations of T2DM-related biochemical indicators with gut microbes and their metabolites were extracted, which suggested the important role of gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus by HLPs.

Benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloids rich extract of Coptis teeta Wall., exhibit potential efficacy in calcium-oxalate and uric-acid linked metabolic disorders

Coptis teeta Wall., an endangered but valuable medicinal species having various folklore uses in Indian and Chinese Traditional system of medicine. Its distribution is restricted to India, China and Tibet. In India, C. teeta is traditionally used in joint disorders, urinary infections and inflammatory diseases, however the scientific validation is missing. Thus, the present study aims to validate the anti-lithiatic and anti-gout activity of C. teeta rhizome extract (CTME) through in-vitro biological assays. The metabolic fingerprinting of CTME through reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (RP-HPLC-PDA) showed the presence of five benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloids, namely berberine (2.59%), coptisine (0.746%) jatrorrhizine (0.133%), palmatine (0.03%) and tetrahydropalmatine (0.003%). The anti-gout potency analysed via in-vitro xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition assay, followed by HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) mediated bio-autographic inhibition of XOD signifies that CTME exhibit strong inhibition of XOD (IC50: 3.014 μg/ml), insignificantly different (p > 0.05) from allopurinol (IC50: 2.47 μg/ml). The XOD bioautographic assay advocates that the efficacy is primarily due to berberine and coptisine alkaloids. The CTME has significant anti-lithiatic activity, and thereby limiting the progression of crystal nidus formation, mediated via inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals nucleation and aggregation. Additionally, the extract also exhibits potential effect on inhibition of oxidative stress associated inflammation, which plays crucial role in alleviating urolithiasis and gouty conditions. Validating the traditional claims of C. teeta will not only confirm its medicinal benefits for targeted pathological conditions but also enhance its industrial demand.

Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of root of Coptis teeta Wall.

Coptis teeta Wall. (Family: Ranunculaceae) is a a small perennial herb also known as golden thread herb, Mamira and Mishmi. It is used in the treatment of ailments in traditional Systems of Medicine i.e., Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Chinese system of medicine. The aim of the studies was Morphoanatomical, powder analysis, and preliminary Phytochemical evaluation of the root of Coptis teeta Wall. Anatomical, powder microscopical studies and Physicochemical evaluation were carried out according to the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Powder analysis histochemical test and preliminary phytochemical screening were carried out as per standard protocol. Microscopic studies of the root of Coptis teeta Showing Bark consists of periderm, secondary cortex, phloem or bast cells; Periderm consists of phellem, phellogen , phelloderm; Secondary cortex shows outer and inner cortex, Secondary phloem cells; Xylem cells consists of xylem vessels and tracheid and . pith (pi) at the middle of the root. Physicochemical studies showed total ash (3.69%), acid-insoluble ash (0.782%), alcohol-soluble extractive values (17.963 %), and water-soluble extractive values (32.344 %). Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of carbohydrates, protein, glycosides, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. Pharmacognostic characters and a physicochemical parameter can be used as standards for the authentication of plants and detection of adulteration.

In silico Assessment of Efficacy Against the Zoonotic Parasite Echinococcus granulosus, Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Predictions for the Siddha Formulation Murukkanvithai Mathirai

Background: Thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) is essential for survival of the zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Albendazole is the only promising drug for the treatment of cystic echinococcosis. To avoid the development of resistance to albendazole in the parasite, an herbal alternative to albendazole is the need-of-the-hour to combat the development of resistance. Aim: This study aimed to identify active compounds against the parasite Echinococcus granulosus from Murukkan Vithai Mathirai, an anthelmintic formulation used in Siddha practice. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Murukkan Vithai Mathirai (MVM), a Siddha formulation against Echinococcus granulosus, a tapeworm of carnivores, by molecular docking, and to evaluate its ADMET properties using in silico tools. Materials and Methods: The 3D structure of Echinococcus granulosus-thioredoxin-glutathione systems (egTGR) and the phytoconstituents of Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinalis, Piper longum, Cuminum syminum, Coptis teeta, Butea monosperma, and Croton tiglium were obtained from a curated database of Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry and Therapeutics (IMPPAT). 12 promising phytocompounds were selected based on their physicochemical properties, drug-likeness, bioavailability scores, and medicinal chemistry properties. These phytochemicals were docked individually with the egTGR using Autodock vina and binding affinity (kcal/mol) was recorded for each compound and compared with albendazole, a positive control drug. The results of docking were read using the Biovia Discovery studio visualizer. The ADMET properties of the phytochemicals were analysed using pkCSM and VEGA-QSAR tools. The toxicity score for each phytochemical was calculated by assigning weightage to the toxicities predicted and the weighted average was calculated to compare with the albendazole's weighted average. The geometric mean of NOAELs predicted for MVM phytochemicals was compared with the predicted NOAEL of albendazole. Results: The binding affinity (G) scores of the selected phytocompounds were found to be higher than the albendazole and the phytocompounds with G > -8.0 are as follows, aristolodione, berberastine and pluviatilol of Piper longum, apigenin of Cuminum syminum and prunetin of Butea monosperma, whereas the G of albendazole was -6.7. The calculated toxicity score for MVM (0.56) was significantly lower than albendazole (1.08) and the predicted NOAELs was significantly higher (26.63 mg/kg) than albendazole (3.49), indicating that MVM is less toxic than albendazole. Conclusion: Murukkan Vithai Mathirai is a promising and safe anthelmintic in in silico studies, however, it needs to be validated by in vitro and in vivo studies.

Coptis teeta Wall.: A Comprehensive Overview of its Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Uses, Phytochemicals and Conservation

<i>Coptis teeta</i> Wall.: A Comprehensive Overview of its Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Uses, Phytochemicals and Conservation

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the C2H2-zinc finger transcription factor gene family and screening of candidate genes involved in floral development in Coptis teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae).

Background: C2H2-zinc finger transcription factors comprise one of the largest and most diverse gene superfamilies and are involved in the transcriptional regulation of flowering. Although a large number of C2H2 zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) have been well characterized in a number of model plant species, little is known about their expression and function in Coptis teeta. C. teeta displays two floral phenotypes (herkogamy phenotypes). It has been proposed that the C2H2-zinc finger transcription factor family may play a crucial role in the formation of floral development and herkogamy observed in C. teeta. As such, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the C2H2-ZFP gene family in C. teeta. Results: The complexity and diversity of C. teeta C2H2 zinc finger proteins were established by evaluation of their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron structure, and conserved motifs. Chromosome localization showed that 95 members of the C2H2 zinc-finger genes were unevenly distributed across the nine chromosomes of C. teeta, and that these genes were replicated in tandem and segmentally and had undergone purifying selection. Analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements revealed a possible involvement of C2H2 zinc-finger proteins in the regulation of phytohormones. Transcriptome data was then used to compare the expression levels of these genes during the growth and development of the two floral phenotypes (F-type and M-type). These data demonstrate that in groups A and B, the expression levels of 23 genes were higher in F-type flowers, while 15 genes showed higher expressions in M-type flowers. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that the relative expression was highly consistent with the transcriptome data. Conclusion: These data provide a solid basis for further in-depth studies of the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor gene family in this species and provide preliminary information on which to base further research into the role of the C2H2 ZFPs gene family in floral development in C. teeta.

Study on the correlation between alkaloids and tastes of Coptis Rhizome from four species based on UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS combined with electronic tongue technique.

Taste is one of the vital indicators for the quality evaluation of Coptis rhizome (CR), but the traditional taste evaluation lacks objectivity. By establishing the correlation between CR's tastes and alkaloids, an objective basis for the taste evaluation was established. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) and electronic tongue technique were performed to determine ten alkaloid contents and eight tastes from Coptis chinensis rhizome, Coptis deltoidea rhizome, Coptis teeta rhizome, and Coptis japonica rhizome, respectively. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis, we established models to discriminate the alkaloid contents and tastes of CR, screened the differential alkaloids and tastes, and performed Pearson's correlation analysis on the results of alkaloids and tastes. 1) According to the previous UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS method established by our research group, the contents of ten alkaloids of the four species of CR were quantified, of which jatrorrhizine, columbamine, and magnoflorine were the differential alkaloids of the four species. 2) The electronic tongue technique realized the objectification of CR's tastes and distinguished the species of CR based on the tastes of aftertaste-A, sourness, bitterness, and richness. 3) Pearson's correlation analysis shows the bitterness of CR was mainly manifested as aftertaste-B, indicating the higher the aftertaste-B value, the higher the berberrubine content. Astringency and aftertaste-A could be suggested as quality evaluation indexes of CR, due to the positively correlated or significantly positively correlated with coptisine, epiberberine, berberine, and palmatine, respectively. Electronic tongue technique has successfully achieved the objectification of the tastes of CR, and combined with UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS technique for alkaloid quantification and correlation research, it provides a new idea for the quality evaluation of CR.

Two novel flavi-like viruses shed light on the plant-infecting koshoviruses.

The family Flaviviridae is composed of viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and includes viruses that are important veterinary and human pathogens. Most members of the family are arthropod- and vertebrate-infecting viruses, but more recently, divergent flavi-like viruses have been identified in marine invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. The striking discovery of gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus (GKaV), along with a recent report of a related virus from carrot, has expanded the known host range of flavi-like viruses to plants, suggesting they could be grouped in a proposed genus tentatively named "Koshovirus". Here, we report the identification and characterization of two novel RNA viruses that show a genetic and evolutionary relationship to the previously identified "koshoviruses". Their genome sequences were obtained from transcriptomic datasets of the flowering plants Coptis teeta and Sonchus asper. These two new viruses, which we have named "coptis flavi-like virus 1" (CopFLV1) and "sonchus flavi-like virus 1" (SonFLV1), are members of novel species characterized by the longest monopartite RNA genome observed so far among plant-associated RNA viruses, which is ca. 24 kb in size. Structural and functional annotations of the polyproteins of all koshoviruses resulted in the detection not only of the expected helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase but also of several additional divergent domains, including AlkB oxygenase, trypsin-like serine protease, methyltransferase, and envelope E1 flavi-like domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CopFLV1, SonFLV1, GKaV, and the carrot flavi-like virus were grouped together in a monophyletic clade, strongly supporting the recent proposal for creation of the genus "Koshovirus" for the group of related plant-infecting flavi-like viruses.

Antibacterial activity and molecular docking study of Coptis teeta

Objective: One of the declining medicinal plant species is Coptis teeta Wall, found solely in eastern parts ofIndia and China. The major chemical constituents present in the plant are berberine, pentadecanoic acid,copisine, palmatine, columbamine, epiberberineand jateorrhizine. The aim of present study is screening thephytoconstitutes in methanolic extract of roots by GC-MS analysis and isolating the pentadecanoic acid,aligned with DNA gyrase subunit B protein target involved in bacterial infection by carrying out moleculardocking.Methods: Each concentrate of Coptis teeta was evaluated for antibacterial action by plate disseminationtechnique against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.GC-MS was performed for theidentification of various phytochemical constituents present in methanolic extracts of Coptis teeta.Out ofvarious chemical constituents,pentadecanoic acid was isolated and characterised by IR, 1HNMR and MASSspectroscopy.The isolated pentadecanoic acid was screened against bacterial strains such as Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia colihave shown good antibacterialactivity.Results: Column chromatography was performed for separation andGC-MS showed the presence ofpentadecanoic acid by a significant spot on methanolic extract, characterized by IR, NMR and MASS. Themethanolic extract and isolated compoundhas shown good antibacterial activity.Protein-ligand dockingwas achieved between the protein PDBID: 1KZM and pentadecanoic acid which showed a good affinityindicating its potent inhibiting action.Conclusion:In binding studies, ligand showed an interaction with amino acids residue His 170, Ala 140 andSer 246 of 1KZM which indicated the inhibition of bacterial growth.

AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF COPTIS TEETA WALL. ROOTS IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

The antidiabetic activity of Coptis teeta extract (CE) was investigated in a diabetic rat model. Alloxan (150 mg kg-1, i.p.) was used to induce hyperglycemia in rats. Oral administration of CE at the dose of 250 and 500 mg kg-1 for 28 days lowered the blood glucose level. Various physical parameters (body weight, food and fluid intake) and biochemical parameters like serum glucose, insulin level and kidney functions were measured. Results revealed that rats treated with CE forbade the decrease in body weight, and showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in food and fluid intake, serum glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine, and a significant increase in insulin level and serum protein as compared to diabetic rats. Histopathological study of kidneys supported the data and CE reduced the damage to the glomerulus and bowman capsule produced by alloxan. The study clearly shows that the ethanolic extract of C. teeta possesses potent antidiabetic activity

Medicinal Plants and Fungi Traditionally Used by Dulong People in Northwest Yunnan, China.

The Dulong, an ethnic group living in the isolated Northwest Yunnan of Southwest China, have directly used a wide of plants to serve their needs and have accumulated rich traditional knowledge about medicinal plants over years. Unfortunately, little has been reported about the medicinal plants used by the Dulong people. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, guided field trips, and quantitative analysis. Prior informed consent was obtained before each interview. The surveys allowed for the collection of sociodemographic data and traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their uses. This study used relative frequency of citation (RFC) to identify the most culturally significant medicinal plants and used informant consensus factor (FIC) to evaluate agreement among informants. A total of 105 medicinal plant species belonging to 69 families were recorded. Amongst these 69 families, Asteraceae (8 species), Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae (4 species each) were the dominant families. The whole plants were the most frequently used part in the preparation of medicines. The most common preparation method was decoction and the most frequent application route was oral administration. Coptis teeta (0.15), Acorus calamus (0.12), Ophiocordyceps sinensis (0.11), Tanacetum tatsienense var. tanacetopsis (0.11), and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (0.08) were shown to be the most useful plants as indicated by their relatively high RFC values. Among the usage types of medicinal plants, the highest FIC values were recorded for the circulatory system (FIC = 0.91), the immune system (FIC = 0.89), and the nervous system (FIC = 0.85). Furthermore, sixty-two medicinal plants utilized by the Dulong for medicinal purposes also have dietary use. Traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants has been seriously threatened in recent decades. In the future, modern approaches should be used to demystify traditional medicine. However, significant measures need to be taken to protect from loss the important traditional knowledge gained by the Dulong through their experience and inheritance. A collective effort should be made to promote and conserve the important traditional medicinal knowledge and outline a plan for sustainable use of medicinal plants and improve local economic development under the premise of protection.

In vitro Evaluation and Molecular Dynamics, DFT Guided Investigation of Antimalarial Activity of Ethnomedicinally used Coptis teeta Wall.

Malaria is caused by different species of Plasmodium; among which P. falciparum is the most severe. Coptis teeta is an ethnomedicinal plant of enormous importance for tribes of northeast India. In this study, the antimalarial activity of the methanol extracts of Coptis teeta was evaluated in vitro and lead identification was carried out via in silico study. On the basis of the in vitro results, in silico analysis by application of different modules of Discovery Studio 2018 was performed on multiple targets of P. falciparum taking into consideration some of the compounds reported from C. teeta. The IC50 of the methanol extract of Coptis teeta was reported to be 0.08 μg/ml in 3D7 strain and 0.7 μg/ml in Dd2 strain of P. falciparum. From the docking study, noroxyhydrastatine was observed to have better binding affinity in comparison to chloroquine. The binding of noroxyhydrastinine with dihydroorotate dehydrogenase was further validated by molecular dynamics simulation and was observed to be significantly stable in comparison to the co-crystal inhibitor. During simulations, it was observed that noroxyhydrastinine retained the interactions, giving strong indications of its effectiveness against the P. falciparum proteins and stability in the binding pocket. From the Density-functional theory analysis, the bandgap energy of noroxyhydrastinine was found to be 0.186 Ha, indicating a favorable interaction. The in silico analysis as an addition to the in vitro results provides strong evidence of noroxyhydrastinine as an antimalarial agent.

Evaluation of Phytochemical Components, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Coptis teeta Walls

In the present study, Coptis teeta Walls plant extract is subjected to evaluate the presence of phytochemicals, phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against human pathogenic bacteria. The qualitative analysis of plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, phenols, flavonoids, tannin, terpenoids, cardiac glycoside, coumarin, starch, quinone, phlobatannins, and steroids. Total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found

Evaluation on Antidiabetic Properties of Medicinal Plants from Myanmar.

Objectives To explore the effective and safe medicines for treating diabetes. Methods Hydroalcoholic extracts of 130 medicinal plants belonging to 66 families were evaluated using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) inhibition and glucose uptake methods together with a literature review. Results The extracts of 22 species showed the PPL inhibition activity; 18 extracts of 15 species stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Among them, Mansonia gagei J.R. Drumm., Mesua ferrea L., and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. exhibited both activities. The extracts of Caladium lindenii (André) Madison rhizomes and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaves presented the utmost lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 6.86 ± 0.25 and 11.46 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. The extracts of Coptis teeta Wall. rhizomes and Croton tiglium L. seeds stimulated the maximum glucose uptake. Ten species are reported to have antidiabetic activity for the first time. Flavonoids and triterpenoids are the dominant antidiabetic compounds in selected medicinal plants from Myanmar. ConclusionsP. zeylanica, L. cubeba, H. crenulate, M. gagei, C. teeta, and M. ferrea are worthy to advance further study according to their strong antidiabetic activities and limited research on effects in in vivo animal studies, unclear chemical constitutes, and safety.

EVALUATION AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE USE OF BERBERINE FROM COPTIS TEETA BARK AS ANTI-CANCER PHYTOCHEMICAL

Objective: A new method of analysis using high-performance liquid reverse chromatography (HPLC) to calculate berberine in Coptis teeta bark was created in addition to the validation research.&#x0D; Methods: Berberine was analyzed with potassium hydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile using the SunFire C18 column at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min; 5μ (4.6 × 250 mm) was detected at 347 nm.&#x0D; Results: For precision, selectivity, and linearity, the technique was tested. The quantification of berberine did not conflict with the existence of other chemical components. Between concentrations of 60 and 180 ppm, the calibration curve was linear. The precision ranged from 9.0% to 102.0% and 2% was the relative standard deviation.&#x0D; Conclusion: Finally, this method of HPLC enhancement is simple, effective and has been used to classify and quantify berberine successfully. This can be useful for the study of different berberine-containing plant extracts and can also be used to measure berberine from formulation to herbal formulation.