Copper Deficiency Research Articles

Copper release by MOF-74(Cu): a novel pharmacological alternative to diseases with deficiency of a vital oligoelement.

Copper deficiency can trigger various diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and even compromise the development of living beings, as manifested in Menkes disease (MS). Thus, the regulated administration (controlled release) of copper represents an alternative to reduce neuronal deterioration and prevent disease progression. Therefore, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental in vitro investigation for the kinetics of copper release from MOF-74(Cu) and its distribution in vivo after oral administration in male Wistar rats. Taking advantage of the abundance and high periodicity of copper within the crystalline-nanostructured metal-organic framework material (MOF-74(Cu)), it was possible to control the release of copper due to the partial degradation of the material. Thus, we simultaneously corroborated a low accumulation of copper in the liver (the main detoxification organ) and a slight increase of copper in the brain (striatum and midbrain), demonstrating that MOF-74(Cu) is a promising pharmacological alternative (controlled copper source) to these diseases.

Discussion of the biochemical mechanisms of copper deficiency in Karakul sheep bred in the Hungry Steppe and its prevention

Based on the literature data and the results of our own research, the article provides a detailed discussion of the mechanisms of occurrence, development and deepening of copper metabolism in Karakul sheep grazing in the biogeochemical province of the Hungry Steppe of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Studies have established correlations between the copper content in the liver and blood, between the copper content in the blood and the activity of copper-containing blood enzymes, between the copper content in the blood and the activity of copper-containing liver enzymes, between the activity of copper-containing enzymes in the blood and liver. Based on the use of these correlations, a convenient test has been developed, using which it is possible to establish the supply of the organism of Karakul sheep with copper, bred in the conditions of the Hungry Steppe. As a result of testing this test technique, a flock of sheep of 465 heads was examined and 76 (16.34%) heads with copper deficiency were identified, of which 8 (1.72%) had clear signs of endemic ataxia. Subsequently, these animals were fed with copper sulfate in the form of a salt mixture mixed with table salt, and their complete recovery was achieved.

Pathophysiology of sideroblastic anemia

Sideroblastic anemias (SAs) are a diverse group of congenital and acquired disorders, characterized by anemia and the presence of ring sideroblasts in bone marrow. Congenital SA is a rare disorder that results from genetic mutations that impair heme biosynthesis, iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster biosynthesis, and mitochondrial protein synthesis. The predominant type of congenital SA is X-linked sideroblastic anemia, caused by mutations in the erythroid-specific δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2) gene, a key enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway in erythroid cells. SAs can also arise due to exposure to certain drugs or alcohol or to copper deficiency (secondary SAs). They are also often associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (idiopathic SA), and idiopathic SAs are the most frequently encountered type. This review discusses the current understanding of the pathophysiology underlying SA.

Biofortificação foliar com nanopartículas de cobre e seu efeito na qualidade fitoquímica e atividade enzimática em alface

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the foliar application of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs-CuO) on the phytochemical quality, yield, catalase and peroxidase activity of the hydroponic lettuce crop. Five concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/L) of NPs-CuO and a control (0 mg/L) were compared. The experiment was established in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and mean comparisons using Tukey's test (0.05). The results indicate that, under the hydroponic conditions, the lettuce plants showed a greater number of leaves, leaf width and the peroxidase enzyme activity was recorded with the concentration of 15 mg/L NPs-CuO. The concentration of 10 mg/L of NPs-CuO yielded higher contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity, being 46.63, 34.21 and 28.23% higher compared to the control treatment, respectively. Regarding the concentration of Cu in the lettuce leaf, the 20 mg/L treatment showed the highest concentration with a value of 9.93±2.40 µg/L DW. The use of copper nanoparticles could be an effective alternative to mitigate copper deficiency in the diet of the human population.

Hematological and Histopathological Study Effect of Molybdate and Sulfate Alone and in Combination Overloaded Intake on Copper Outcome in Mature Male Rats

The object of this study were to evaluate the effect of molybdate and sulfate overload alone or in combination overload intake on copper outcome with regard toxicopathological changes in mature male rats. Twenty eight adult male rats were housed and arbitrarily divided into four equal groups (seven rat/group) and treated as follows for 60 days: control received distilled water, groups T1 received sodium molybdate 50 mg/kg B.W and T2: given orally 500 mg/kg B.W of sodium sulfate and T3 group were given sodium molybdate and sodium sulfate in combination at half dose in comparison with T1 and T2 doses. The blood tests results, which included Red Blood Cell count, hemoglobin concentration and Packed Cell Volume % that conducted a after one month and at the end of the experiment showed a significant reductions in general but were more in T1 group followed by T2 group, while T3 group showed less decline than that recorded in each of T1 and T2 groups. These functional changes were accompanied by structural changes in the hepatic and renal tissues. Histopathological changes following molybdate (50 mg/kg B.W) exposure were manifested by extensive areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, and hyperplasia of bile ductules. Besides focal area of necrosis and suppurative granuloma observed in livers of rats received 500 mg/kg B.W of sodium sulfate, mild infiltrate of mononuclear cell within the hepatic parenchyma, suppurative granuloma and proliferation of kupffer’s cells with hyperplasia of bile ductules seen in liver of rats received combination of them at half dose. While section of kidney from T1 group showed marked fibrous thickening of the capsule, severe cortical hemosiderosis with infiltrate of plasma cell and neutrophils, While in T2 group showed atrophy of glomerular tuft, focal interstitial mononuclear cells infiltration with deposition of hyaline cast. The histological changes revealed that renal damage was also observed in T3 group but at a little degree, depending on the result of this study it can be concluded that molybdate and sulfate alone and in combination succeeded to induce copper deficiency with severe changes in hematological and histopathological parameters in rats.

Daily weight gain of goats until weaning receiving two schemes of mineral supplementation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial mineral supplementation and selective mineral supplements in which only elements known to be deficient in the animal's diet. In an experiment conducted in Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed: daily weight gain, nutritional and economic aspects of goats mixed breed receiving two types of mineral supplements. The sixteen animals were divided into two groups. For one group a commercial mineral mixture was used, and to the other group selective mineral mixture containing only sodium (Na) and copper (Cu) was offered. There was no difference in daily weight gain when the selective or commercial mixture was given. The selective mineral supplementation was 4,8 times more economic than conventional supplementation with a commercial mineral mix. The animals showed an increase of hair pigmentation around the eyes, attributed to the correction of copper deficiency. Thus, when an adequate concentrate and good quality forage is given, only the deficient mineral element(s) should be supplemented. The result of this experiment confirms the hypothesis that selective mineral supplementation is correct and can result in reduction of the cost with mineral supplementation of a herd.

Copper Deficiency and its Relation with Preeclampsia. A Systematic Review.

Copper Deficiency and its Relation with Preeclampsia. A Systematic Review.

Artificial Photosynthesis of Ammonia by Semiconducting Plasmonic NIR Energy

Artificial photosynthesis of ammonia is one of the most promising paths toward carbon neutrality and sustainability. However, nitrogen photo-fixation to produce ammonia in ultrapure water is still challenging due to the thermodynamic and kinetic requirements of the nitrogen reduction reaction. An ideal photocatalyst is expected to have energetic electrons to drive the nitrogen reduction reaction, as well as enough affinity for chemisorption and activation of nitrogen molecules at the surface. Compared with plasmonic metal catalysts, plasmonic semiconducting nanomaterials are excellent candidates due to the tunable plasmon absorption over a wide range of spectra allowing efficient utilization of solar energy, abundant hot carriers that may overcome the interfacial energy barriers, and low-cost. The localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) effects can also promote charge separation and interfacial transfer. Here, we report metal oxides with tunable oxygen concentration and copper chalcogenides with tunable copper deficiency for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction in ultrapure water. Efficient ammonia production has been achieved under near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. We have demonstrated that for plasmonic semiconducting photocatalysts, the performance is not only dictated by the defects, their negative effects in trapping carriers are also important. Figure 1

Spatial Variability of Soil Micronutrient Properties Using Geostatistical Approach and Geographic Information System Technique

The distribution of soil qualities in every given area is essential for the development of management strategies that are appropriate to that site, since this promotes agricultural productivity sustainability and preserves the health of the soil.In spite of this, the current study was carried out in the Madhya Pradesh state of India to measure the spatial distribution of specific soil qualities in the soybean-wheat and soybean-chickpea belt. A total 303 geo-referenced composite surface (0-15cm) soil samples were collected across the study area. These samples were analyzed for different soil properties viz: pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) the DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe. The main goals of the study were to: (i) use geo-statistical methods to assess the spatial variability of soil available micronutrients, such as extractable zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and boron (B), at a regional scale; (ii) use ordinary kriging to develop maps of soil micronutrient distribution; and (iii) evaluate the relationships between micronutrient availability and several soil properties. It was revealed that 79.54% and 7.92% of the soil samples had shortages in accessible zinc and iron, respectively, but no soil sample had deficiencies in copper, magnesium, or zinc and sulphur. The concentrations of extractable Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe, with the exception of B, exhibited substantial negative relationships with the pH of the soil. The EC had positive and significant relationship with SOC and B, respectively. The significant positive relationship of SOC of soil with available hot water-soluble B respectively. The soil micronutrients were showed significant positive relationship with each other. HWS B was also shown to be positive and statistically significant. In this study, spherical models were best suited for Cu, Mn, and Fe, whereas exponential models were best fitted for Zn and B. The semivariogram models for Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and B's nugget/sill ratios There was a documented moderate regional dependence for extractable Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, and B for Mn.

A near-infrared aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer targeting mitochondria for depleting Cu2+ to trigger light-activated cancer cells oncosis

Abnormally high levels of copper in tumors stimulate malignant proliferation and migration of cancer cells, which proposes a formidable challenge for the thorough therapy of malignant tumors. In this work, we developed a reliable, mitochondria-targeted near-infrared aggregation-induced emission fluorescent probe, TTQ-Th, whose thiourea moiety specifically could recognize mitochondria even both upon loss of mitochondrial membrane potential or in fixated cells, and can capture copper overexpressed by tumor cells, leading to severe copper deficiency. In parallel, TTQ-Th can generate sufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoexcitation, while copper deficiency inhibits expression of related copper-based enzymes, resulting in a decline in ATP production. Such energy deficiency, combined with reduced MMP and elevated oxidative stress can lead to critical cell oncosis. Both in vitro and intracellular experiments can illustrate that the elevated ROS has remarkable damage to tumor cells and contributes to the elimination of the primary tumor, while copper deficiency further hinder tumor cell migration and induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner, which is an efficacious strategy for the treatment of malignant tumors.

The effects of intermittent fasting diet in comparison with low-calorie diet on lipid profile, glycemic status, and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD): a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease characterized by an increase in fat in liver cells. The outbreak of NAFLD is estimated to be 32.4% worldwide, with higher rates in Asia and Iran. Nutritional factors such as excessive calorie intake, high fructose intake, copper deficiency, and increased iron intake play an important role in NAFLD. Since there is no specific treatment for NAFLD, intermittent fasting (IF) diet has been suggested as an alternative treatment for obesity and related complications. Previous studies showed the potential positive effects of IF on metabolic health and the reduction of oxidative stress in NAFLD. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be aimed to examine the effect of the IF diet in comparison with a low-calorie diet (LCD) on lipid profile, glycemic status, and liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.Methods and analysisThis is a parallel randomized clinical trial conducted on 52 overweight and obese patients with NAFLD. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either 16:8 IF (fasting from 8 P.M. to 12 P.M. the next day) or a low-calorie (55% carbohydrate- 30% fat, 15% protein) diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, liver assessments, and metabolic evaluations will be assessed before and after the intervention. Primary outcomes include liver steatosis and fibrosis, while secondary outcomes include liver function enzymes, insulin resistance, lipid profile, and anthropometric measurements.DiscussionSince obesity and insulin resistance are the most important risk factors of NAFLD, and there is no treatment for it, it seems that lifestyle changes such as low caloric diet like IF and exercise can improve lipid metabolism and liver enzymes.Trial registrationIranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT20170202032367N5).

Seed Treatment with Salicylic Acid Increases Gene Expression and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Wheat Plants in Zinc or Copper Deficiency.

The effect of wheat seed treatment with salicylic acid (SA) on expression of the TaCu/ZnSOD, TaFeSOD, and TaCAT2 genes and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in leaves was studied at optimal contents of zinc (2 µM) and copper (0.3 µM) in the root environment and in zinc and copper deficiencies. Seed treatment with SA was for the first time shown to increase of the amount of transcripts of the above genes as compared with untreated plants, both in optimal conditions and in zinc or copper deficiency. Activities of the enzymes, especially catalase, also increased. Judging by the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the changes make it possible to avoid an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and, therefore, oxidative stress. A positive effect of seed treatment with SA on activities of the main antioxidant enzymes was assumed to underlie the stimulating effect of SA on physiological processes in plants exposed to microelement deficiency.

A case report and literature review of iatrogenic copper deficiency myeloneuropathy due to zinc treatment in patients with Wilson’s disease

Iatrogenic copper deficiency is rare in patients with Wilson’s disease. We present a case of iatrogenic copper deficiency myeloneuropathy secondary to zinc treatment for Wilson’s disease and compare the patient’s clinical features with existing cases. Our study highlights the importance of recognizing subtle clinical manifestations and counselling patients receiving copper-reducing treatment to watch for symptoms of myeloneuropathy. Early biochemical testing, including serum copper, caeruloplasmin and zinc levels, as well as magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and electrophysiological studies, may be helpful in diagnosing copper deficiency-related myeloneuropathy due to zinc treatment. Early detection and treatment of copper deficiency may lead to good recovery of neurological symptoms.

Copper – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Copper functions as a structural component in many proteins involved in energy and iron metabolism, production of neurotransmitters, formation of connective tissue and endogenous antioxidant defence. Several biochemical indices have been suggested and used to assess copper status, but none of these has been found suitable for the detection of marginal copper deficiency or marginal copper toxicity. Copper imbalances have been linked to the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. During the last decade, a number of meta-analyses and systematic reviews have been published shedding light on the association between copper imbalances and some of these pathologies. Most of these meta-analyses are based on case–control studies. All show that blood copper concentrations are higher in cases than in controls, but there is inconclusive evidence to change the recommendations.

Copper Deficiency Myeloneuropathy in a Patient With Wilson's Disease.

Copper Deficiency Myeloneuropathy in a Patient With Wilson's Disease.

Вміст жирних кислот і продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів у сироватці крові молодняка української м’ясної породи при дії солей міді, селену та марганцю

Fatty acids have a significant impact on the overall metabolic processes in the body. One of the links of the general metabolism is the formation of peroxidation products during the oxidation of fatty acids. The aim of our work was to investigate the relationship between the content of fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products under copper, selenium, and manganese deficiency. The study was conducted on calves of the Ukrainian meat breed aged 6 months. An appropriate dose of deficient trace elements was added to the basic diet of the experimental groups. Determination of the spectrum of fatty acids in blood serum was performed using a gas chromatograph. The diet with copper, selenium and manganese increased the content of short-chain saturated fatty acids and the level of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. The obtained results indicate the influence of individual fatty acids on the formation of peroxidation of products as a result of increased oxidation of the corresponding substrates. It is shown that deficient copper, selenium and manganese affect the correlation between fatty acids and peroxidation products. The revealed regularities can become the basis for the development of sound strategies for the mineral nutrition of beef cattle by including deficient trace elements and polyunsaturated omega fatty acids. In addition to obtaining important data on the relationship between biochemical processes in the body of beef cattle, the study of the influence of dietary strategies on the nutritional value and fatty acid composition of beef is provided by our further research.

Relationship between Copper, Zinc, and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Hair and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease according to the SYNTAX Score.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be a foremost contributor to global mortality, and the quest for modifiable risk factors could improve prophylactic strategies. Recent studies suggest a significant role of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) deficiency in atheromatous plaque formation. Furthermore, hair was previously described as a valuable source of information on elemental burden during the 6-8 week period before sampling. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of correlation between the extent of CAD evaluated with the SYNergy Between PCI With TAXUS and the Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score with Cu and Zn content in hair samples, as well as with the Cu/Zn ratio in a cohort of 130 patients. Our findings describe a statistically significant inverse correlation between Cu content and the Cu/Zn ratio in hair samples and the extent of CAD. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between Zn content and the extent of CAD. Considering the scarcity of existing data on the subject, the analysis of hair samples could yield a novel insight into elemental deficiencies and their potential influence on CAD extent.

Change in Mineral Status After Bariatric Surgery: a Meta-analysis.

The risk of protein and vitamin deficiencies after bariatric surgery has been well studied, but the change in mineral status has not gotten enough attention. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis regarding the change in mineral levels after bariatric surgery and the prevalence of postoperative mineral deficiency, with subgroup analyses of different surgical procedures, study regions, and follow-up time. CENTRAL, PubMed, and EMBASE were searched for related articles. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed if necessary. A total of 107 articles with 47,432 patients were included. The most severe mineral deficiency after bariatric surgery was iron (20.1%), followed by zinc (18.3%), copper (14.4%), chlorine (12.2%), phosphorus (7.5%), and calcium (7.4%). Serum concentrations of potassium, sodium, selenium, manganese, and molybdenum showed no significant change before and after surgery. Subgroup analyses revealed that SG had fewer deficiencies in serum iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and selenium than RYGB. OAGB showed a higher incidence of serum iron and zinc deficiencies than RYGB. Studies conducted in different regions also found various mineral statuses after surgery. Studies with follow-up ≥ 5 years had a lower prevalence of zinc, copper, and selenium deficiencies than follow-up < 5 years. A high deficiency rate of serum iron, zinc, copper, chlorine, phosphorus, and calcium was seen after bariatric surgery. The difference in surgical procedures, study regions, and follow-up time may affect postoperative mineral status; more targeted mineral supplement programs are needed considering these influencing factors.

The Efficacy of Slow-Release Copper Capsule Administration on Postpartum Anestrus in Dairy Cows

Deficiency of single or multiple minerals or their imbalances may cause various reproductive failures, such as infertility, poor conception, and anestrus. Copper deficiency is related to reproductive disorders. This study investigated the effects of slow-release copper bolus administration in postpartum anestrus cows.

The relevance of the development of food products enriched with trace elements for diet therapy in cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain to be the leading cause of death in the whole world. The structure of nutrition of the population and diet therapy are extremely important factors for prevention and treatment of CVDs. Results of the scientific research obtained over the last decade give new data on the role of certain micronutrients in the physiological processes and pathogenesis of these groups of diseases. The aim of this research was to study the current role of certain trace elements (magnesium, zinc and copper) in the pathogenesis of diseases, including assessment of the level of their intake in different countries. Furthermore, the review considers the necessity of creating new functional products to use in diet therapy for patients with cardiovascular diseases. It includes publications in Russian and English for the period of 2011 to 2022 from open databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CyberLeninka, eLIBRARY as well as from open Internet sources. The research work carried out during preparation of this review was directed to studying the sphere of CVD prevention, role and relevance of the development of functional foods enriched with micronutrients. The data on the dysfunctions of the human body caused by the deficiency of zinc, copper and magnesium intake are presented. The current physiological daily norms for intake of these trace elements in different countries are given, and the dynamics of changes in the norms of intake over the last twenty years is shown. The review summarizes new data on the correlation between the risk of emergence of certain CVD types and the specific features of assimilation of the above-mentioned trace elements. The regulatory conditions acting on the RF territory for introducing trace elements into food products are analyzed. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were made regarding the relevance of the further development of functional foods that do not require changes in the traditional food behavior model.