Copper-based Metal Matrix Composites Research Articles

A comprehensive review of processing techniques, reinforcement effects, and performance characteristics in copper-based metal matrix composites

A comprehensive review of processing techniques, reinforcement effects, and performance characteristics in copper-based metal matrix composites

Effect of Hot Rolling on Friction and Wear Characteristics of TiC Reinforced Copper-Based Metal Matrix Composites

The current study examines the effect of titanium carbide reinforcement (TiC) on the tribological behavior of copper metal matrix composites. The stir-casting process followed by hot rolling was employed to fabricate the composite parts. Hot rolling was performed at 510°C temperature with a 90% reduction ratio. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion spectroscopy, and Brinell hardness tester were used to investigate the microstructure, reinforcement particle distribution, and hardness. The microstructural investigations witness the uniform distribution of titanium carbide reinforcing agents along with the excellent binding with the copper matrix. The hardness was improved with the addition of titanium carbide content in both casting and rolling specimens. Dry sliding friction and wear tests were employed on a pin-on-disk setup with load values ranging from 30 to 120 N and sliding velocity values ranging from 0.628–2.512 m/s. In both casting and rolling conditions, the composites have a less coefficient of friction and wear rate than the matrix element. Wear rates of the unreinforced and reinforced cast and hot rolled alloys were enhanced as load and sliding velocity was raised. The incorporation of titanium carbide lowered the coefficient of friction and wear rate. In comparison to the unreinforced cast and rolled alloys, the coefficient of friction and wear of cast and rolled copper metal matrix composites was significantly reduced. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the worn surfaces and wear debris to confirm the possible wear mechanisms.

Copper Based Powder Metallurgy Composite for Electrical Applications

This paper discusses Copper Metal Matrix Composites. It is obvious that copper matrix composites have been heavily relied upon by many industries because of their high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent electrocatalytic properties, and high strength. The excellent electrical conductivity of copper-based materials also enables these materials to function as lubricants and anti-frictional materials. These materials were widely used in transportation, electrical contact transmission, and aerospace. Copper-based metal matrix composites have wide application due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. Copper based metal matrix composites are also corrosion resistant and have a high strength. A contemporary study evaluated the effects of different parameters on powder metallurgy fabricated copper matrix metal composites. The focus was on understanding the applications and mechanical properties of copper-based composite materials.

Studies on wear behaviour of silicon carbide and fly ash reinforced copper based metal matrix composites

Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) are engineering materials which combines two or more dissimilar materials to attain improved properties. In the present investigation, copper and Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Fly ash are used as the matrix and reinforcements phases respectively. The MMCs are produced by powder metallurgy. Two composites where prepared with Cu (95%) and SiC (5%), Cu (90%), and SiC (5%) and Fly Ash (5%) is mixed for reinforcements. By using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the microstructural analysis is done to assess the distribution of reinforcement particulates in the copper matrix phase. Dry sliding wear characteristics was studied by pin on disc tribometer.

A Re-investigation: Effect of various parameter on mechanical properties of copper matrix composite fabricated by powder metallurgy

In this study, a re-investigation on metal matrix composite fabricated by powder metallurgy route has been done. Copper based metal matrix composite has the wide applications because of their good electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Copper has good strength and resistance to corrosion. But in order to increase the properties of copper, copper matrix composite has been fabricated by powder metallurgy process. The composites materials fabricate by powder metallurgy process has various property such as hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, toughness, fatigue strength. These properties depend on some parameter such as reinforcement, pressure during powder compaction, temperature of sintering, holding time at sintering temperature, particle size, volume fraction of reinforcement etc. This study shows investigation of effect of various parameter on mechanical property of copper-based metal matrix composites. It has shown that due to presence of secondary phase hard particle like alumina, SiC, titanium carbide, TiO2 in copper metal matrix increase hardness, strength and reduce density. Reduction in density is very important in order to fabrication of automobile and aircraft parts. The strength and hardness increase with addition of SiC but ductility is reduced. It is shown that sintering temperature and sintering time is most important parameter because it highly influences hardness and strength.

Enhancing the mechanical, wear behaviour of copper matrix composite with 2V-Gr as reinforcement

In the present study, copper along with secondary hybrid reinforcements like Vanadium (V) and Graphene-L (Gr-L) with various proportions like pure Cu, Cu-2V, Cu-2V-0.5Gr, Cu-2V-1Gr, Cu-2V-1.5Gr are added to evaluate the behaviour of Copper Matrix Composite. The evenly dispersion of heterogeneous Copper Matrix Composite is achieved by the economical stir casting process. The heterogeneous mixture with metallic materials is a promising strategy to improve the properties of CMC. The prepared specimen is subjected to various testing processes to test the properties like Tensile strength, hardness, Yield strength, Impact strength and wear behaviours. The grain formation of hybrid CMC is also studied using an optical microscope to see the relationship between strength and grain size. The characterization of hybrid CMC is done by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Fractography is also done to investigate the debonding mechanism of heterogeneous composites. The wear behavior of the hybrid composite is examined by Pin-on-disc tribometer. The results obtained, shows that, there is a reduction in grain size with the increase in addition of vanadium and graphene-L. The decrease in grain size has directly contributed to the improvement of mechanical properties of CMC. There is also an enhancement in wear behavior such as improvement in co-efficient of friction and wear resistance with increase in hybrid composition. This paves a new strategy and acts as a reliable reinforcement to improve the behaviour of copper based metal matrix composites.

Study of Dry-Sliding Wear Behaviour of Cu-SiCp Metal Matrix Composites

Abstract The present paper reported the mechanical properties and wear behaviour of copper-based metal matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC). Copper -SiC (5%) and Copper-SiC (10%) and Copper-SiC (15%) metal matrix composites were prepared by stir casting route. The wear characteristics of the composites were assessed by dry sliding wear tests using pin-on-steel disc tribometer at different loads, speeds and times.

An experimental study of tribological behaviours of aluminium- and copper-based metal matrix composites for bearing applications

To improve the tribological properties for journal bearing materials, composites have been developed in this work. Copper-aluminium (Cu-Al), copper-phosphorous (Cu-P), aluminium-flyash (Al-F), and copper-lead (Cu-Pb) composites were produced with stir casting method. Pin on disc experiments were performed in a starved lubrication condition for the evaluation of wear and coefficient of friction between the composite pins and mild steel disc. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained for the worn composite samples to study the wear behaviour. In this experimental study, copper-phosphorous exhibits better tribological properties as compared to the conventional copper-lead. however, the aluminium-flyash composite resulted in the lowest coefficient of friction and highest wear among all considered composite materials.

An experimental study of tribological behaviours of aluminium- and copper-based metal matrix composites for bearing applications

An experimental study of tribological behaviours of aluminium- and copper-based metal matrix composites for bearing applications

Thermal, corrosion and wear analysis of copper based metal matrix composites reinforced with alumina and graphite

Abstract The wear and corrosion resistances are important in marine applications, especially when it comes to structural support components like bearings, bushes and blocks. The copper hybrid metal matrix components are the new avenues explored in this front. A novel combination of alumina and graphite were considered as the reinforcements in a copper base for the development of a metal matrix composite. Power metallurgical techniques were used for the development of the MMC. The Vickers's hardness value of 64.9Hv has been observed by increasing the volume of alumina. Thermogravimetric analyses were carried out on material samples to estimate the exact sintering temperature and identified that 450–700 °C would be conducive. The TGA curves shows two step decomposition exists between 4300C 460 °C. FT-IR analysis was done to confirm the peak values of the materials. FTIR exposed the peak value of 1600 cm−1 for alumina where as for Copper and graphite peak values have been 2840 cm−1 and 17260 cm−1 respectively. The potentio dynamic analysis was done to estimate the rate of corrosion on the samples. The sample with nano and micro reinforcements offered intensive resistance to corrosion. The presence of graphite minimized the weight loss of the samples during the corrosion test. Finally the wear rates of the samples were estimated using the Pin On Disc experimental setup. The samples with nano material reinforcement and with a maximum proportion of graphite exhibited a better wear rate of 1.52 × 10−12 m2/kg under maximum load conditions.

Mechanical and corrosion behaviors of developed copper-based metal matrix composites

This work investigates mechanical properties and corrosion resistances of cast copper-tungsten carbide (WC) metal matrix composites (MMCs). Copper matrix composites have been developed by stir casting technique. Different sizes of micro and nano particles of WC particles are utilized as reinforcement to prepare two copper-based composites, however, nano size of WC particles are prepared by high-energy ball milling. XRD (X-rays diffraction) characterize the materials for involvement of different phases. The mechanical behavior of composites has been studied by Vickers hardness test and compression test; while the corrosion behavior of developed composites is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions. The results show that hardness, compressive strength and corrosion resistance of copper matrix composites are very high in comparison to that of copper matrix, which attributed to the microstructural changes occurred during composite formation. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) reveals the morphology of the corroded surfaces.

Fabrication of Cu-SiC Composites using Powder Metallurgy Technique

Copper based metal matrix composites are gaining interest for multiple applications because of their good electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. In the present study, composite of Cu-SiC with different compositions are fabricated by using powder metallurgy technique. Three different volumetric fractional combination of composites are made namely Cu90%-SiC10%, Cu85%-SiC15% and Cu80%-SiC20% along with Cu100% sample. V-shape blender is used for blending the powder. Hydraulic press is used to compact the powder at a pressure of 250Mpa to achieve the solid structure. To obtain better results, sintering is performed at a temperature of 950°C and a holding time of 60 min. An attempt has been made to study the characteristics of fabricated copper based metal matrix composites. The study revealed that the addition of SiC as a reinforcement in Cu; improves the mechanical properties. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to analyse the surface morphology of the sintered samples. Microstructural study of the metal matrix composite shows the homogeneous distribution of SiC particles in the metal matrix.

Wear behavior of copper matrix composites reinforced by γ-Cu5Zn8 nanoparticles

This paper investigates sliding wear behavior of copper matrix composites, reinforced by γ-Cu5Zn8 intermetallic nanoparticles. In this research, first, γ-Cu5Zn8 single phase intermetallic ingot was prepared; then, through mechanical milling method, copper based metal matrix composites with different amounts of high-strength γ-Cu5Zn8 nano-particle were produced. Next, X-ray diffraction (XRD) test was carried out to analyze the progress of mechanical alloying. The investigated samples were formed by cold pressing at 800MPa, followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and the samples were subjected to microstructural and mechanical characterization. Finally, the wear test with an experimental plan of load of 10N and sliding speed of 0.5m/s was conducted on Pin-On-Disk machine for a total sliding distance of 1000m. The nanocomposites wear rate and the coefficient of friction decreased with the increase of reinforcement contents. The worn surfaces were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was revealed that abrasive wear and delamination were the dominant mechanisms during the wear test.

Copper Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by Titanium Nitride Particles

Copper based Metal Matrix Composites are promising materials for electrical and electrotechnical applications such as electronic packaging and contacts, resistance welding electrodes, heat exchangers etc. Introducing the ceramics particles into the copper matrix allows to achieve a higher mechanical properties comparing to pure copper. The literature shows the variety of reinforcement materials are used. The most commonly strengthening phase include: oxides Al2O3,Y2O3, SiO2, carbides SiC, WC, TiC, ZrC, borides TiB2, ZrB2 and others such us volcanic tuff, carbon or intermetalic phases Al-Fe. [1-7]. It is obvious that reinforcement material without TiN leads to decrease the electrical conductivity of copper. Preliminary investigations concerning nanoscale Cu-based composites with TiN particles were presented in papers [10, 11]. Powder metallurgy (PM) process leads to obtain uniform distribution of strengthening phase in matrix. In order to achieve uniform distribution the process parameters such as mixing and selection the sizes of particles must be appropriate selected. The another factor of decreasing the mechanical and electrical properties by using PM route is porosity. Conventional PM process includes pressing and sintering does not always allow to achieve the high density what is one of the main criterion for high electrical conductivity material. The hard ceramic particles in metal matrix which are not deformable make difficult the densification process. In some cases the use of more advanced methods of production is desirable. The use of titanium nitride particles is justified by their high electrical conductivity in compare to the other reinforcement materials.

The influence of mechanical adhesion of copper coatings on carbon surfaces on the interfacial thermal contact resistance

The weak mechanical and thermal interface in Copper based Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) reinforced by carbon fibers is the background of this research study. In order to investigate the mechanical adhesion strength and the thermal contact resistance between copper and carbon, a simplified model system based on coated flat carbon substrates has been used. Cu coatings of approximately 1 μm thickness on intermediate Ti bond layers have been deposited on carbon substrates by a sputter deposition process. The resulting different adhesion strengths between coating and substrate have been measured by means of a pull-off method, and non-destructive photothermal method, giving information on the depth-resolved thermal properties of the samples has been used to determine the Thermal Contact Resistance (TCR). By combining the results of mechanical adhesion tests and of photothermal IR radiometry, the correlation of the mechanical adhesion of Cu coatings on Carbon surfaces with the interfacial thermal contact resistance has been analysed.

Development of copper-based metal matrix composites for electric motor commutator rings : S.A. El-Badry et al. (AlAzhur University, Cairo, Egypt)

Development of copper-based metal matrix composites for electric motor commutator rings : S.A. El-Badry et al. (AlAzhur University, Cairo, Egypt)

Cu Based Carbon Fibre Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites — Improved Fibre Distribution/ Kohlefaserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe mit Cu-Matrix — verbesserte Faserverteilung

Copper based metal matrix composites with carbon fibres as reinforcement were produced by squeeze casting the molten metal into a preform of carbon fibres. It is shown, that the fibre distribution of the reinforcement in the MMC is determined by the processing route of the preform. Preparation of the preforms by dispersing the fibres in water results in clustering and channeling. By separating and using the fibres in the dry condition a uniform fibre distribution is achieved.

Carbon diffusion in copper-based metal matrix composites

The heights of diffusion barriers for copper-based composite materials with carbon whiskers or fibers are calculated. It is shown that the alloying of the matrix by an additional element, substituting copper in an interstitial Cu-C solid solution changes the value of the barrier and the migration entropy. These substitutional impurities significantly influence the diffusivity of carbon in the copper matrix. Zirconium is predicted as the best alloying element for preventing the diffusion of carbon in Cu-C alloy.

Carbon diffusion in copper-based metal matrix composites

Carbon diffusion in copper-based metal matrix composites

Corrosion behavior of copper-based metal-matrix composites

A research program was conducted to assess the corrosion behavior of copper-based metal-matrix composites. Two categories of composites were studied: commercially available composites and developmental composites. While the anodic polarization curves for the monolithic and composite materials were quite similar, the corrosion behavior varied. The commercially available material was dispersion-strengthened copper, which was found to possess corrosion resistance comparable to that of pure copper. This was due largely to the stability of the protective film in the presence of finely distributed Al2O3 particles. The developmental composites were reinforced with graphite in either particulate or fiber form. Graphite content and the presence of dissolved oxygen affected corrosion severity, and all of the developmental composites exhibited uniform corrosion and some localized galvanic corrosion at the reinforcement-copper interface during polarization. Other types of corrosion damage were also observed in the noncommercial materials.