Coping Strategies Of Women Research Articles

Patients in the Antepartum Period: Our Most Important Patients

<h2>Paper Presentation</h2><h3>Purpose for the Program</h3> To address the need for structured programs and consistent nursing care to improve the experience of hospitalized patients in the antepartum period. <h3>Proposed Change</h3> To initiate program interventions that affect the ability of a patient in the antepartum period to cope and feel less lonely in her prolonged hospitalization. Collaborate with the local American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) to bring in therapy dogs for weekly visits. Collaborate with the spiritual care department to provide opportunities individualized for each patient in the antepartum period: offer meditation; live music through a Music in Medicine program; the ability to work within each family's faith to have a blessing or good health ritual for the unborn fetus; and weekly tea parties, which bring together patients for a facilitated chat about their hospitalized experience, how to fight the boredom of long days and nights in the hospital, and their hopes and fears for their yet‐to‐be‐born infants. We also invite mothers who were patients during their antepartum period and now have infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to come to the tea party and share their own NICU experience. <h3>Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation</h3> Implementation of the program relies on one person to be the administrator with the SPCA and the co‐facilitator (along with one of our perinatal social workers) for the tea party. The bedside nurses can initiate other interventions. We have found that the interaction between mothers meeting at our tea party is enough of an introduction that they continue to contact one another either by phone, e‐mail, or visiting one another's room. Patient satisfaction is important to us and we are working on a method to conduct posthospitalization interviews to find out if patients were able to cope better with their hospitalization after our interventions. <h3>Implications for Nursing Practice</h3> Women experience loneliness, fear, anxiety, and boredom during bed rest and hospitalization. A nurse's understanding of this experience is essential to provide adequate care and coping strategies for women at this time.

Capacités d’adaptation et fonctionnement défensif dans les troubles du comportement alimentaire. Étude structurale comparée basée sur le codage optimal

ObjectivesConsidering classic and current theories relevant to stress and coping, we reflect on the interaction between dysfunctional coping strategies influenced by defensive functioning and the launching, respectively maintaining of eating disorders (ED). Our objectives are to verify: (a) if the coping strategies of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa are different from those of young women without a current eating disorder, (b) what are the latent dimensions underlying the privileged way of coping associated with both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The latent dimensions can create meaning in a disparate distribution of variables and objects by analyzing their configuration in a two or three dimensional space. Patients and methodsWe present a comparative study between patients suffering from anorexia or bulimia nervosa (Total n=41) and a control group of female students non affected by eating disorders. The mean age was 19.95years (SD=3.73) in women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 19.81years (SD=2.33) in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and 20.88 (SD 1.40) in women without a current eating disorder. The study is based on the SVF 120 (Stressverarbeitungsfragebogen, Stress Coping Questionnaire, by Janke, Erdmann and Kallus, 1997) and the MDBF (Multidimensionales Befindlichkeitsfragebogen, Multidimensional State Questionnaire, by Steyer et al., in 1997). ResultsThe means of the three subgroups are compared with the help of Univariate Anovas, preferential coping strategies associated to anorexia and bulimia nervosa are studied through Logistic Regressions, whereas the comparative structural exploration is based on the Non Linear Principal Components Analysis (PRINCALS). We observe that our two clinical subgroups (patients with anorexia and patients with bulimia) do not try to cope with stress by implementing active strategies (problem-oriented coping strategies), that is to say, seeking a solution or planning stages of the solution. Instead, they tend to get overwhelmed by the unpleasant situation. Coping strategies based on satisfaction seeking (β=0.87) and positive reframing (β=−0.33) make a significant contribution to prevalent coping strategies in women with anorexia nervosa, whereas change into triviality (β=0.87), isolation (β=0.50), use of psychotropic medications (β=0.43), denial of responsibility (β=−0.33) as well as diversion (β=−0.46) are predictors of coping manners in women with bulimia nervosa. Whereas the general features of latent dimensions were similar in all three groups, these dimensions were nuanced differently according to the psychopathological profile. One dimension was focused on an active handling of the situation as opposed to passivity, another was focused on restoring narcissism as opposed to a sense of humiliation and self-degradation and a third one was focused on the reinterpretation of reality (cognitive restructuring) as opposed to other types of strategies. This interpretation of the meaning of the latent dimensions seems plausible at the light of recent theories of eating disorders, as well as at the light of the current state-of-the-art. ConclusionsOur multidimensional comparative study allowed us to identify some specific profiles, concerning the use of coping strategies, while also showing some similarities between clinical subgroups and control group. The analysis of the results shows that the general assumption saying that patients suffering from eating disorders use above all emotion-oriented coping strategies is too categorical. The data of the study point rather to a dimensional approach of psychopathology. The interaction between the fact of changing coping strategies and maintaining, respectively abandoning pathological conducts should be studied through a prospective longitudinal study accompanying psychotherapeutic interventions.

Coping strategies of women having chronic pelvic pain

ABSTRACTChronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a very common health problem among women. Women's quality of life significantly decreases because they are affected by the nervousness and negativity caused by pain in their daily activities. The purpose of this study is to find out the features of pain experienced by women with CPP and identify the coping mechanisms used by them. This descriptive study was conducted in one state hospital and one university hospital. The participants are volunteer women who have had pain complaint in their pelvis/lower abdomen or genital area for 6 months and/or more (n = 134). Average age of the participants is 34·02 ± 10·58; 28·6% of them (n = 38) have had pain for more than 2 years. Of all the participants, 42·9% described their pain as stabbing. The women were found to use pain killers (85·7%), sleep (46·6%), rest (46·6%), have a hot bath (34·6%) and massage (28·6%) with a view to reduce pain. The coping strategies used by the participants were identified as trying to think something else (27·8%), praying that the pain will not last long (38·3%), distracting attention by dealing with something else (32·3%), trying to feel better by ignoring pain (17·3%) and trying to heal pain by talking to themselves (16·5%). Women with CPP use both medical and spiritual methods with a view to cope with pain. It was found that use of pain killers increased with the increase in level of pain.

Vulnerability and Coping Strategies of Women in Disaster: A Study on Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

Natural disaster is a common phenomenon in Bangladesh. Almost every year Bangladesh suffers highly by different kinds of disasters like flood, tropical cyclones, tornados, tidal surges, droughts and large scale river erosion etc. Bangladesh is a low lying delta with very gentle slopes. It is located at the lowest end of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Basin (Roy et al 2009). Bangladesh has special geographical feature. It has the Himalayan range to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the south with its funneling towards Meghna estuary and the vast stretch of Indian land to the west. These special geographical features have significant impact on the weather system of Bangladesh. Due to this weather system, Bangladesh is the worst victimized country of natural disasters which causes loss of lives and properties (Nizamuddin 2001). A large number of the total population of our country lives in the coastal areas. According to the population census 2001, the whole coastal area of the country has about 46 million people. The average size of the household is 7, the density of population is 743 per sq. km. Womenfolk are 49% of the coastal population, while 23% (8 million) are urban-dwellers, size of the labor force (15-59 years age group) is 18.6 million which are about 53% of the coastal population (BBS 2006). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/afj.v4i0.12938 The Arts Faculty Journal Vol.4 July 2010-June 2011 pp.147-169

Women's Experience of Hospitalized Bed Rest During High‐Risk Pregnancy

To describe the lived experience of the hospitalized pregnant woman on bed rest. A qualitative, phenomenological design. Three high-risk antepartum units in the midwestern United States. A self-selected, convenience sample of 11 high-risk pregnant women. Phenomenological study using thematic analysis of completed handwritten journals and/or online blogs. Women described the battles that they fought each day for the lives of their unborn children. Using an imagery of war, three categories emerged: (a) the war within, (b) fighting each battle, and (c) bringing in reinforcements. Women experience many different emotions and stressors during restricted bed rest. A nurse's understanding of this experience is essential to provide adequate care and coping strategies for women at this time.

The 6-Minute Walk Test in Female Fibromyalgia Patients: Relationship With Tenderness, Symptomatology, Quality of Life, and Coping Strategies

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and tenderness, symptomatology, quality of life, and coping strategies in women with fibromyalgia. One hundred eighteen women with fibromyalgia aged 51.9 ± 7.3 years participated in the study. The examination included the 6-MWT, tender points, and the following questionnaires: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Short-Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36), and Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory. Fair correlations between the 6-MWT and the subscales of physical impairment (FIQ) and physical function (SF-36) were observed (ρ −0.365 and 0.347, respectively, both p < .001). The 6-MWT showed a weak relationship with tenderness (ρ 0.201 and −0.191 for algometer score and tender points count, respectively, both p < .05). The relationship between the 6-MWT and global score of FIQ, and FIQ subscales of pain and fatigue were weak (ρ −0.201, −0.211, and −0.226, respectively, all p < .05). The 6-MWT showed a weak relationship with bodily pain and vitality scales of SF-36 (ρ 0.256 and 0.258, respectively, both p = .005) and with passive and active coping strategies (ρ −0.255 and 0.223, both p < .05). This study in women with fibromyalgia shows significant relationships, ranging from weak to fair, between the 6-MWT and tenderness, symptomatology, quality of life, and coping strategies. These findings indicate that functional capacity, as assessed by the distance walked in 6 minutes, might be important when planning the assessment, treatment, and monitoring of patients with fibromyalgia.

Violence against women in Ethiopia

Investigating the experience of violence against women and exploring women's coping strategies is a crucial component of re-tailoring the provision of services for victims/survivors. This article explores violence against women in the context of culture, theory of fear of violence and literature on spaces perceived to be ‘safe’ or ‘dangerous’ by women victims/survivors of violence in Ethiopia. To collect the relevant data, we conducted 14 semi-structured interviews with Ethiopian women who are victims/survivors of violence and three interviews with gender experts in Ethiopia. Our group of women suffer in ‘silence’ and confide only in friends and relatives. They did not resort to institutional support due to lack of awareness and general societal disapproval of such measures. This contrasts with claims by experts that the needs of these women are addressed using an institutional approach. Culture, migration status and lack of negotiating power in places of work are key factors when considering violence. The majority of the respondents in this study occupy both public and private spaces such as bars and homes and have experienced violence in those spaces. The social relations and subsequent offences they endured do not make spaces such as these safe. Education of both sexes, creation of awareness, sustainable resource allocation to support victims/survivors, ratification of the Maputo protocol and effective law enforcement institutions are some of the practical strategies we propose to mitigate the incidence of violence in Ethiopia.

Honourable señoras, liminal campesinas and the shameful other: re-defining feminities in Bolivia

‘Whores’, ‘hookers’ and ‘prostitutes’ are among the many labels used to represent women in the sex industry. As a result, some sex workers develop defence mechanism to cope with this negative labelling. The present study explored the intersecting sources of the ‘whore stigma’ and its management in the city of Tarija (Bolivia). Work involved the triangulation of (1) an ethnography of sex-related institutions; (2) semi-structured interviews with staff from the sex industry, municipal and health authorities and neighbours who lived close to sex trade establishments; and (3) life narratives of women in sex work and people of the general population conducted over two periods of six months each, in 2001–2002 and 2003. This paper describes the intersectional power differentials (of gender, ethnicity and class) in which ‘whore stigma’ unfolds in Tarija. It reveals how women in sex work created defence mechanisms to mediate the tension between honour and shame that defined their devalued condition as women, peasants, indigenous persons and sex workers. In conclusion, this article discusses a possible intersectional conceptualisation of the ‘whore stigma’ within this context and argues for the need for health promotion programmes to engage with these women's coping strategies.

Coping With Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. In Lebanon, a country of 4 million people, breast cancer is also the most prevalent type of cancer among Lebanese women. The purpose of this study was to gain a more in-depth understanding of the coping strategies espoused by Lebanese women with breast cancer. The study followed purposeful sampling and saturation principles in which 10 female participants diagnosed as having breast cancer were interviewed. Data were analyzed following a hermeneutical process as described by Diekelmann and Ironside (Encyclopedia of Nursing Research. 1998:50-68). Seven main themes and 1 constitutive pattern emerged from the study describing the Lebanese women's coping strategies with breast cancer. The negative stigma of cancer in the Lebanese culture, the role of women in the Lebanese families, and the embedded role of religion in Lebanese society are bases of the differences in the coping strategies of Lebanese women with breast cancer as compared to women with breast cancer from other cultures. These findings cannot be directly generalized, but they could act as a basis for further research on which to base a development of a framework for an approach to care that promotes coping processes in Lebanese women living with breast cancer. Nursing and medical staff need to have a better understanding of the individual coping strategies of each woman and its impact on the woman's well being; the creation of informal support group is indispensable in helping these women cope with their conditions.

Domestic violence against women: Understanding social processes and women's experiences

AbstractThe prevalence of domestic abuse against women has been estimated as high as one in four. The risk is particularly high for women who are younger, economically dependent, unemployed and with children. Research about the factors that maintain situations of abuse has generally focused separately on the coping strategies of women, barriers to leaving the relationship and the perpetrators' means of abuse. In this study we used a community psychology perspective to seek a broader understanding of what maintains situations of abuse, in order to suggest interventions in a rural County in the North of England. Twelve women who had experienced domestic abuse and had used voluntary sector services agreed to be interviewed about their experiences and the resources and strategies available to them. Using grounded theory we generated four themes: (1) Commonalities and contradictions in the experience of abuse; (2) living with abuse; (3) the response of systems reinforced or challenged the abuse and (4) dealing with abuse beyond the relationship. These findings illustrate how situations of domestic abuse can be prolonged by limited options available to victims for support and protection, and a lack of active public acknowledgement that domestic abuse is unacceptable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

A Qualitative Study of Resilience Factors of Bosnian Refugee Women Resettled in the Southern United States

ABSTRACT This study reports findings from a qualitative investigation of seven Bosnian refugee women's coping strategies as they resettled in two cities of the Southeastern United States over five years. It focuses on their personal experiences as refugees and the factors that contributed to their resilience. Their personal narratives highlight the importance of family as well as extended family, spirituality expressed in the form of non-organized religion, and the availability of community social support services that helped them adjust to resettlement. The research discusses implications for practice and further studies to improve refugees' mental well-being.

‘Making the best of it’: Chinese women’s experiences of adjusting to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment

This paper is a report of a study to describe Chinese women's experiences of adjusting to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and its diagnosis and treatment are pivotal life-changing events that prompt women to make immediate adjustments. Adjustment to breast cancer has been studied as a way of coping with a stressful event and adapting to chronic illness. Adequate adjustment through coping and adaptation leads to successful completion of treatment and improved quality of life. A descriptive phenomenological method was used, and 22 Chinese women were interviewed at a large cancer centre in Beijing, China, in 2004-2005. Facing breast cancer, Chinese women tried to 'make the best of it'. The essences of Chinese women's experiences were: facing the reality of cancer diagnosis, taking an active part in the cancer treatment, sustaining an optimistic spirit, sustaining physically, lessening the impact of cancer on others, and reflecting and moving on. Chinese women had similar perceptions of breast cancer to women in western countries as a fearful, stressful, life-threatening and life-changing event, and some of their intentions and actions were also similar to western women's coping strategies. However, their experiences of adjusting to breast cancer also reflected Chinese historical, social and cultural influences. Our findings have implications for healthcare professionals also in countries with Chinese migrants, and could be used as a basis for information and emotional and social support interventions as these can be effective in promoting adjustment to breast cancer.

The intersection of information behavior and coping among women undergoing breast lump diagnosis

AbstractFew studies have examined the intersection of information behavior and coping of women during the time period between the discovery of a breast lump and receiving a diagnosis. Those that do look at particular segments of this time without taking the full period into consideration, leaving a gap as to the range of behaviors that may occur throughout the waiting period. This study sought to understand how information behavior interacts with the coping strategies of women who undergo the potentially stressful experience of waiting for a breast lump diagnosis.

Coping strategies and IVF treatment outcome

Psychological factors have been found to predict the outcome of IVF treatments in several studies. However, the exact role of coping strategies remains unclear. Problem-focused coping (PFC) may be more adaptive for controllable situations, while emotion-focused coping (EFC) may be more adaptive for uncontrollable situations such as most stages of IVF treatment. Aim: To examine whether women's coping strategies predict IVF outcome, considering cause of infertility.

A qualitative study of the psychosocial and health consequences associated with lymphedema among women in the Dominican Republic

To date, few studies have addressed the sequelae of lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-transmitted disease, on the quality of life of affected women in the Americas. In this qualitative study, we conducted 28 semi-structured interviews and 3 focus groups of women with lymphedema or elephantiasis of the leg living in filariasis-endemic areas of the Dominican Republic. Women in our study described a spectrum of consequences associated with their lymphedema but physical, functional, and psychological limitations were not always associated with severity of lymphedema. Data suggests that management frameworks need to be expanded to address women's explanatory models of illness, the cultural practices of seeking traditional healers for initial care, psychological distress, coping strategies unique to women, and the practice of self treating with antibiotics without medical supervision. Further research to better understand the depth and breadth of psychological states and coping strategies of women; the health seeking and self-management practices; and the strain on social support networks of women is needed in order to assist health program planners in establishing culturally tailored and gender-specific interventions for Dominican women.

THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON IMMIGRANT WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH CARE EXPERIENCES FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS

It is well documented that serious mental health problems such as depression, schizophrenia, and post migration stress disorders exist among immigrant women. Informed by Kleinman's explanatory model, this qualitative exploratory study was conducted with seven health care providers who provided mental health services to immigrant women.Analysis of the data revealed that (a) immigrant women face many difficulties when accessing mental health care services due to cultural differences, social stigma, and unfamiliarity with Western biomedicine, (b) spiritual beliefs and practices that influence immigrant women's mental health care practices, and (c) the health care provider-client relationship, which exerts great influence on how immigrant women seek mental health care. The study also revealed that cultural background exerts both positive and negative influences on how immigrant women seek mental health care. We suggest that although cultural knowledge and practices influence immigrant women's coping choices and strategies, awareness of social and economic differences among diverse groups of immigrant women is necessary to improve the accessibility of mental health care for immigrant women.

Victimcy, Girlfriending, Soldiering: Tactic Agency in a Young Woman's Social Navigation of the Liberian War Zone

This study aims to collapse the often gendered opposition of agency and victimhood that typically characterizes the analysis of women's coping strategies in war zones. The term victimcy is proposed to describe the agency of self-staging as victim of war and explore how it is deployed as one tactic—amongst others—in one young Liberian woman's "social navigation" of war zones. Victimcy is thus revealed as a form of self-representation by which a certain form of tactic agency is effectively exercised under the trying, uncertain, and disempowering circumstances that confront actors in warscapes. However the story of Bintu also reveals the complexity of women's strategies, roles, and options as they confront conflicting challenges and opportunities in war zones. While in some circumstances women may take humanitarian aid, in others they may also take up arms. An ethnography of social tactics thus counters reductionist portrayals of women in war zones as merely the passive victims of conflict.

WEST, Carolyn M., editor, VIOLENCE IN THE LIVES OF BLACK WOMEN; Battered Black and Blue, co-published simultaneously as WOMEN and THERAPY

WEST, Carolyn M., editor, VIOLENCE IN THE LIVES OF BLACK WOMEN; Battered Black and Blue, co-published simultaneously as WOMEN and THERAPY. Volume 25, Numbers 3-4,2002. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, 2002, 211 pp., $24.95 softcover and $49.95 hardcover.This volume fills a great need in the literature from many different points of view. The authors use a feminist perspective, as well as qualitative and quantitative research methods, to investigate all aspects of violence in the lives of Black women, including childhood sexual abuse, partner violence, sexual assault, workplace violence, street violence, battered Black lesbian lovers, racialized sexual harassment of Black women, battered Black women who have experienced brain trauma and Black women who have been murdered by their intimate partners. In addition to providing an overview of the issues and problems, the authors also offer solutions that speak to Black women's strengths and resilience, in addition to extensive citations and references.Violence in the lives of Black women is often ignored, shrouded in guilt, shame, secrecy and silence. In many cases, as long as the violence remains Black-on-Black, police may be satisfied not to interfere. This volume is divided into sections: Part 1 or Overview of Violence provides an overview context by West as well as information on community violence, trauma, grief and coping. Part II or Types of Violence looks at childhood sexual abuse and risk/ resilience in a longitudinal study, Black women's coping strategies in psychologically abusive dating relationships, their strategies for disengaging from abusive relationships, the effects of racism and sexism on Black rape victims, and racialized sexual harassment in the lives of Black women. Part III or Marginalized Populations looks at Black lesbians and domestic violence, and head and brain injuries experienced by Black female victims of intimate partner violence. Part IV or Breaking Silence or Activism and Healing looks at research as an act of resistance and healing for Black women who have survived intimate male partner violence, fragmented silhouettes, using a film project to break the silence about sexual violence in the Black community, and searching for better ways to handle violence. The book ends with another overview essay by West and includes extensive suggested supplemental readings and websites that readers may wish to consult.I was heartened to see the inclusion of lesbian domestic violence in this book. The topic is not PC and is often hush-hushed by feminists who prefer not to deal with it at all. This chapter author, Robinson, points that between 30-40% of lesbians have been involved in physically abusive relationships. Physical, emotional and sexual abuse often occur together. There are equally high rates of lesbian battering found across all cultures and ethnic groups. Lesbian abuse follows the same pattern as male-on-female abuse [verbal abuse escalates to physical abuse followed by apologies and remorse and promises that it will never happen again; attempts to isolate and cut off the abused partner; repeated cycles of violence; threats to out the abused partner to children, family members, property owners and employers and co-workers]. …

Coping Strategies of Women with Breast Cancer: A Comparison of Patients with Healthy and Benign Controls

Background: Cancer has an enormous impact on the patient, triggering fears of suffering, disability and death. Still, little research has been published which investigates the coping strategies adopted by cancer patients, when attempting to deal with their serious health threat. Moreover, it is often not clarified whether the selected coping strategies are used exclusively by cancer patients, or whether other groups of women facing benign breast diseases or having health worries regarding their breasts share similar coping strategies. This study attempts to identify those coping strategies that distinguish breast cancer patients from non-malignant controls. Methods: A sample of 180 breast cancer patients was assessed on how it coped with health threats. The control group was composed of 268 women who were diagnosed as having either a benign disease or were disease free. The Ways of Coping Questionnaire was administered in order to record the frequency of the coping strategies used under the health conditions. Univariate analyses were conducted to compare mean scores in coping strategies among the diagnostic groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify those variables that distinguish one group from the other. Results: Compared with women with benign breast disease and those who were disease free, breast cancer patients significantly infrequently exhibited attributions of blame to self, whereas they did not differ from controls in other ways of coping such as self-isolation, passive acceptance, seeking social support, problem-focused coping, positive reappraisal, distancing, and wishful thinking. Conclusion: Our results may suggest that under the conditions of a cancer diagnosis, patients do not tend to assign responsibility on themselves and their character, since they possibly need to avoid guilt, low self-esteem, and social distance, and to maintain a potential to invest in the adjustment process.

Patterns of Coping in Women Completing Treatment for Breast Cancer

Two cost-effective one-day workshops presenting either problem-focused or emotion-focused coping strategies for women completing treatment for breast cancer were evaluated for their impact on three robust patterns of coping resulting from a previous factor analysis. A factor analysis was carried out on the Ways of Coping Questionnaire using a sample of patients six months after diagnosis. Three factors were found: positive problem solving, escape/avoidance, and seeking social support. These factors were used as dependent variables in a study on the effects of two brief, psychoeducational workshop interventions on coping among 156 women completing treatment for breast cancer. The women were randomized to either a problem-focused or emotion-focused coping workshop or to a waiting-list (the control group). The results indicated that women who were positive problem solvers made gains in this pattern of coping if they participated in the problem-focused workshop, whereas women in the emotion-focused workshop showed a trend to reduce their use of escape/avoidance. The coping pattern of seeking social support was unchanged by either intervention. The workshops were well accepted and cost-effective. Whether patterns of coping are potentially amenable to growth and change is worthy of future study.