Coping Scale Research Articles

Stress and Occupational Coping among Brazilian Nurses in Critical Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To investigate the effects of sociodemographic and working condition variables, as well as the coping strategies used by nurses, on their occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 nurses who worked in intensive and emergency care at a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data collection was performed in person and online using a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, the Nursing Stress Inventory, and the Occupational Coping Scale. The participants had a high level of stress (median = 132), especially in the 'interpersonal relations' domain (median = 63), and made little use of occupational coping strategies (median = 87). Income (p = 0.027), work shift (p = 0.028), being on leave from work (p = 0.020), number of hospitals with employment ties (p = 0.001), and relationship with management were independently associated with the levels of stress among the nurses. In the present study, the high levels of stress among nurses were influenced by financial and work-related factors as well as interpersonal relationships. No significant association was found between stress among the nurses and the use of occupational coping strategies.

Are In-the-Moment Resilience Processes Predicted by Questionnaire-Based Measures of Resilience?

Research on resilience is a growing field, and resilience has been conceptualized and operationalized in multiple ways. The aim of this study was to compare the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), a conventional measure of resilience, with within-person process indicators derived from experience sampling method (ESM). A sample of 177 teachers from southern Finland participated in the study, commencing with a startup session followed by an 8-day ESM period. Through twice-daily prompts, participants reported their immediate positive and negative affect as well as recent stressors encountered, such as workload and challenging social interactions. As expected, within-person variation in affect was predicted by stressors. However, contrary to expectations, individual differences in affective reactivity to stressors were not predicted by BRCS (βpositive affect [95% CI] = -.20, [-.51, .11]; βnegative affect = .33, [-.07, .69]). Item response theory analyses of the BRCS revealed problems with precision. The results call into question the validity of measuring resilience using single administrations of retrospective self-report questionnaires such as the BRCS.

Resilience in patients and family caregivers living with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): a quantitative study using the brief resilience coping scale (BRCS)

BackgroundPatients and family caregivers living with Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) experience a heavy burden, which can impact their resiliency and quality of life. The study’s purpose was to measure the resilience levels of patients and family caregivers living with CDG using the brief resilience coping scale.MethodsWe conducted an observational, cross-sectional study with 23 patients and 151 family caregivers living with CDG. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize patients with CDG and family caregivers’ samples. Additionally, we assessed correlations between resilience and specific variables (e.g., age, academic degree, time until diagnosis) and examined resilience differences between groups (e.g., sex, marital status, occupation, professional and social support).ResultsGNE myopathy was the most prevalent CDG among patients, while in family caregivers was PMM2-CDG. Both samples showed medium levels of resilience coping scores. Individuals with GNE myopathy had significantly higher scores of resilience compared to patients with other CDG. Resilience was positively correlated with educational degree in patients with CDG. Family caregivers had marginally significant higher scores of resilience coping if they received any kind of professional support or had contact with other families or people with the same or similar disease, compared with unsupported individuals.ConclusionsDespite the inherited difficulties of living with a life-threatening disease like CDG, patients and family caregivers showed medium resilient coping levels. Resilience scores changed significantly considering the CDG genotype, individual's academic degree and professional and social support. These exploratory findings can empower the healthcare system and private institutions by promoting the development of targeted interventions to enhance individuals` coping skills and improve the overall well-being and mental health of the CDG community.

Efficiency of the Technology-Based “HomeCARE-Family EmPow” for Children with Cancer and Their Parents: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectivesHome-based pediatric cancer care requires addressing both physical and psychosocial care needs for children and their parents Currently, there is a notable gap in intervention programs that evaluate technology-based psychosocial empowerment for children and parents in home-based pediatric cancer care. The study protocol was to assess the efficiency of a technology-based psychosocial empowerment intervention for home-based care for children with cancer and their parents. MethodsThis study was planned as a single-blinded parallel-group randomized controlled experimental design. The study was intended to include sixty-four children and parents in the research sample. The HomeCare-Family EmPow is a technology-based intervention based on the Psychological Empowerment Theory. This 4-week program, delivered via the website, consists of four modules for parents and two for children. The descriptive form, Self-Efficacy Scale- for children and adolescents with cancer, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Pediatric Cancer Coping Scale will be used in the data collection for children. The descriptive form, Self-Efficacy Scale, Problem-Solving Inventory, and Psychological Resilience Scale will be used for parents. Repeated measures analysis of variance and linear mixed-effects models will be applied for intra-group and inter-group comparisons. Outcome measures will be assessed before randomization, one week after the intervention, and one month after. ResultsThe possible differences between the intervention and control groups will be evaluated after the implementation of the intervention. Our proposed hypotheses will report the findings. ConclusionsThis research may provide a more comprehensive and evidence-based approach to pediatric cancer management at home-based pediatric cancer management by improving children's and parents' self-efficacy and coping by providing feasible, accessible, and innovative support. Implications for Nursing PracticeThe study outcomes are expected to enrich the understanding and management of the psychosocial well-being of children and their parents and empower them to cope with the treatment process more effectively during home-based care.

Understanding Burn Injuries: From Epidemiology to Rehabilitation and Psychometric Evaluation

Burn injuries have long been recognized as one of the most severe traumas, posing significant challenges to both physical and psychological well-being. This comprehensive review explores various aspects of burn injury, including epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, advancements in contemporary treatment, rehabilitation, health status assessment methods, the impact of preexisting psychiatric conditions, personality assessment, and coping strategies. Globally, burn injuries rank among the leading causes of trauma-related deaths, with factors such as burn depth, extent of injury, age, and associated conditions influencing outcomes. Advancements in treatment, including surgical techniques and skin substitutes, have significantly improved survival rates. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in maximizing patients' ability to adapt to life after burn injury, addressing both physical and psychological aspects. Health status assessment methods encompass a range of measures, from general health indices to disease-specific scales. Preexisting psychiatric conditions, personality traits, and coping strategies also play significant roles in post-burn adaptation and recovery. Developing burn-specific coping scales could enhance our understanding of the unique stressors faced by burn patients and improve patient outcomes. This review highlights the interdisciplinary nature of burn care and the importance of addressing physical, psychological, and social aspects in the treatment and rehabilitation of burn survivors.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA EMOTION FOCUSED-COPING DENGAN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING PADA GURU SMK SWASTA

Welfare for teachers who teach in private vocational schools is different from teachers who are in public schools. This makes a difference in the psychological well-being of each teacher. Many factors can affect a person's psychological well-being, one of which is emotion focused- coping. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between emotion focused-coping and psychological well-being. The research method in this study is a qualitative method with a correlational research design. The research instrument used in this study was The Ways of Coping scale to measure emotion-focused coping variables and the psychological well-being scale to measure psychological well-being variables. The results of the correlation test using Pearson's correlation yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.009 with a significance of 0.947 (p <0.05). Based on these results it can be seen that the two variables have no relationship, so it can be concluded that emotion focused-coping has no effect on psychological well-being. It is possible that psychological well-being is influenced by factors other than emotion-focused coping

Consequences and coping strategies of nurses and registered nurses perceiving to work in an environment characterized by workplace bullying

AimThe aim of this study was to analyze the well-being and coping strategies of nurses working in an organizational setting perceived as characterized by workplace bullying. The innovative aspect of this study is that we considered only those who perceive to work in an organizational environment characterized by workplace bullying, and not those who see themselves as victims and those who perceive they work in an organizational environment not characterized by workplace bullying. MethodA questionnaire with the NAQ-R, PGWBI, Val.Mob. and Brief COPE scales was administered to nurses. To better understand this phenomenon, a comparison was made between 331 nurses and 166 workers in other professions who also work in an organizational environment perceived to be characterized by workplace bullying. ResultsIn both groups (nurses and workers), the results were approximately the same in terms of personal bullying and workplace bullying episodes and the number of physical and emotive symptoms. The PGWBI score was lower for nurses than for workers in other fields. Among the individual symptoms, nurses and registered nurses were more likely to report gastritis, insomnia and heartburn than workers in other contexts. Workers in other contexts were more likely than nurses to report symptoms of anxiety, fear, feelings of insecurity, inferiority and guilt. In terms of coping strategies, nurses were more likely than other workers to report distraction, substance use, emotional support, disengagement, venting, positive reframing, humor, and religion. Workers in other professional context were more likely than nurses to report active coping, denial, instrumental support, planning, acceptance, and self-blame. ConclusionResults suggest that the consequences of working in a perceived organizational environment characterized by workplace bullying are similar for both groups of workers, with nonstatistical differences in perceived workplace bullying episodes and sum of physical and emotive symptoms. ImplicationOverall, findings suggest that workplace bullying prevention is a fundamental element in training workers in all types of workplaces and should be an integral part of curriculum activities.

Burnout and Coping Styles among Frontline Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Healthcare professionals lead the healthcare services with their all resources of psychological as well physical to help the patients. However, the psychological well-being of these professionals is being affected by factors such as the lack of fixed working hours, prolonged standing, shift work and additional administrative tasks which they perform. Prolonged exposure adds to burnout in their work life. Objective: The objective of the present study was to examine burnout and coping styles among healthcare workers in India. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, and participants who were working in the healthcare setup were contacted (N = 100). They were assessed on the professional quality of life scale and the COPE scale. Result and Conclusion: Overall, a moderate level of burnout was reported (M = 21.98, SD = 3.13) among healthcare professionals. Also, problem-focused coping styles were observed among the participants, i.e., ‘planning coping’ (M = 13.22, SD = 1.63), ‘active coping’ (M = 12.90, SD = 1.53), and ‘suppression of competing activities’ (M = 11.02, SD = 1.89). a significant relationship was observed between burnout and coping styles (r = -.24, p<0.05). The findings suggest that burnout exists among healthcare professionals which needs to be taken care of with interventional strategies.

Exploring Women's Religious Coping Strategies and Psychological Impact After the 2023 Earthquake in Syria.

This paper examined gender (N = 1406;77.7% women) patterns of religious coping and psychological impact following the devastating 2023 Syrian earthquakes. Measures in this nation-wide convenience sample study included positive religious coping (PRC) and negative religious coping (NRC) using the Brief Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE), and probable PTSD, depression, and anxiety, using the PCL-5, PHQ-9, and GAD-7, respectively. Women reported higher endorsement of PRC items while men higher endorsement of NRC items. Within the women only sample, lower education and lower income, education and younger age predicted PRC and NRC, respectively. NRC was strongly positively associated with PTSD, depression and anxiety; while, PRC was positively associated only with PTSD. These vulnerable women require targeted support to adopt more adaptive religious coping strategies.

Coping and risk perception during the COVID-19 pandemic in type 2 diabetes: Does it influence metabolic control?

Diabetes and poor glycemic control are significant predictors of severity and death in the COVID-19 disease. The perception of this risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) could modify coping styles, leading to behaviors associated with better self-care and metabolic control. Theoretically, active coping is associated with better glycemic control in patients with T2D. Nonetheless, information during extreme risk like the COVID-19 pandemic is still limited. Our objective was to evaluate the association between coping styles and risk perception in the COVID-19 pandemic and the change in metabolic parameters. This is a prospective study that included individuals with T2D treated in a tertiary care center during the COVID-19 outbreak who returned to follow-up one year later. We assessed coping styles and risk perception with the Extreme Risk Coping Scale and the risk perception questionnaire. Clinical characteristics and metabolic parameters were registered in both visits. Groups were compared using Kruskal Wallis tests, and changes in metabolic parameters were assessed with Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Our sample included 177 participants at baseline, and 118 concluded the study. Passive coping was more frequent in women. Low-risk perception was associated with higher age, lower psychiatric comorbidities, and lower frequency of psychiatric treatment compared with other risk perception groups. Patients with active coping plus high-risk perception did not have a change in metabolic parameters at follow-up, whereas patients with other coping styles and lower risk perception had an increase in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. There were no differences by coping group or by risk perception in glycemic control.

Heading for the Frontline: Mood, Stress, Resilience, and Coping of Nursing Graduates during a Global Pandemic

COVID-19 affected health and wellbeing globally. Graduating nursing students face a variety of stressors, and entering the nursing profession during the pandemic adds additional stress. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, mood, perceived stress, resilience, and coping were assessed in an Australian sample of 112 graduating nursing students, who completed the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). Mean BRUMS scores for tension, fatigue, and confusion were significantly above population norms and vigour scores were significantly below. Mean PSS-4 scores were reflective of population norms but showed higher levels of stress among younger and on-campus students compared to those who were older or studied externally. BRCS data showed that 82.1% of graduating nursing students were medium- or high-resilient copers. Mood profiles suggested that 19.6% of participants reported moods associated with mental health issues, 23.2% reported moods associated with risk of burnout, and only 17.9% reported mood profiles associated with positive mental health. High mean tension scores reported by graduating nursing students indicated apprehension about joining the profession, although stress, resilience, and coping scores suggested they were adequately managing the additional stressors generated by the global pandemic.

Emotional Dependency And Coping Strategies In Dating Relationships In Peruvian University Students

In the specialized literature, the relationship of emotional dependence with dating violence in general has been studied, but few studies have been concerned with relating it to coping strategies, especially in university students, in this sense the research aimed to determine to what extent coping strategies predict emotional dependence in dating relationships. It is a basic study with a non-experimental design of causal correlational scope, the sample was 286 university students of both sexes, the Emotional Dependency Inventory and the BriefCope 28 Coping Scale were applied, according to the results an R of 0.580 was obtained, the R-squared is 0.337 and the adjusted R-squared is 0.334, This is interpreted as a low positive causal correlation between the variables, in addition to significant differences of 0.02 < 0.05 between men and women, being the first to obtain higher scores in emotional dependence. It is concluded that the strategies used by young people to face various situations, specifically in the field of love, do not necessarily predict emotional dependence on their partner, so it is noteworthy that further research investigates the causal relationship between emotional dependence and self-esteem, self-concept or social skills.

The role of family harmony, emotion-focused coping, stressful life events on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the most significant health problem in the world for adolescents. The purpose of the study is to test the role of family harmony, emotion-focused coping, and stressful life events in non-suicidal behaviour in adolescents. This research uses a quantitatively correlational design. Sample study: 304 students at State Vocational High Schools in West Java, consisting of boys and girls aged 13–19 years. For the technique of taking samples, this study uses cluster random sampling. The family harmony scale, the emotion-focused coping scale, the stressful life events, and the non-suicidal self-injury scale are the measuring tools used in this study. The data analysis technique used was multiple regression analysis. There was a significant role among harmony family, emotion-focused coping, and stressful life events in influencing non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents (r = .47, R2 = .22, p < .05.). The contribution of harmonious families was effective at 14.38%, followed by stressful life events at 5.45% and emotion-focused coping at 2.51%. This study proves that the most potent predictor of non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents is family harmony. The study is expected to increase the outlook on the importance of guarding harmony, family, and stability through education or training facilitated by school.

Demographic Dynamics in Organizational Stress and Coping Stress Perceptions: A Comprehensive Analysis

This study aims to assess both the stress levels of employees and identify the sources of stress. Data for the research were collected through questionnaires distributed to 60 employees via online surveys. The instruments utilized for data collection included the personal information form, organizational stress scale, and stress coping scale. The initial phase of data analysis focused on revealing the demographic characteristics of the workers. Subsequently, analyses were conducted to explore potential correlations between organizational stress, stress-coping mechanisms, and demographic variables. While socio-demographic variables are commonly treated as control variables in organizational stress research, this study distinguishes itself by placing them at the forefront. Its objective is to comprehend the influence of gender, age, educational background, marital status, income levels, titles, and total work experience on individuals' perspectives regarding organizational stress and stress coping. Examining survey data from Assist Company, a subsidiary of Turk Telekom, the study uncovers that male employees tend to display greater resilience to organizational stress. Additionally, unmarried workers demonstrate a higher efficacy in coping with stress compared to their married counterparts. The paper concludes with implications for managerial applications, theoretical insights, and suggestions for future research directions. In conclusion, the study recommends that firms consider implementing stress coping methods, techniques, and programs. Furthermore, it suggests organizations identify the specific factors within their structure that contribute to stress among employees.

VOLUNTEERS' MENTAL HEALTH IN WAR

VOLUNTEERS' MENTAL HEALTH IN WAR

Konsep Diri terhadap Proaktif Koping pada Mahasiswa yang sedang Menyusun Skripsi

Students with low proactive coping tend to be unable to overcome conflicts and obstacles that are encountered daily, including those related to academics such as skipping. On the contrary, students with high proactive coping tend to be able to overcome conflicts and obstacles that are encountered daily. Self-concept is one way to improve proactive coping. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of knowing the relationship between self-concept and proactive coping in students who are preparing their thesis. The sampling technique used cluster random sampling, so that a total sample of 100 people was obtained from 2,062 student populations who were preparing their thesis at the Faculty of Teaching and Education, Halu Oleo University. The data collection method uses a self-concept scale and a proactive coping scale. The data analysis technique uses the Pearson's Product Moment correlation method. The research results obtained showed that there was a positive relationship between self-concept and proactive coping in students who were preparing their thesis.

Development of a common dyadic coping scale in couples facing breast cancer: the importance of open communication

Objective Couples’ joint coping is important in managing the impact of breast cancer. However, measures assessing couples’ communication as a way of coping are insufficient. This study aimed to generate a self-report valid and reliable measure of couples’ coping with a particular focus on communication. Method We used baseline data of 343 couple dyads who participated in a randomized clinical trial targeting marital communication. Women were diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in the past eight months; couples were married or in an intimate relationship for at least six months, could read and write English, and lived within 100 miles of the study center. An expert panel selected items with conceptual fit from the Mutuality and Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale (MIS) that was originally designed to evaluate marital communication about breast cancer. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 12-item measurement model with four factors: Keeping the communication open with each other about breast cancer (4 items), Sharing a positive outlook on breast cancer (2 items), Avoiding discussion of negative thoughts and feelings about breast cancer (3 items), and Spending sufficient time together talking about breast cancer (3 items). Reliability ranged from 0.76 to 0.87 for women and 0.70 to 0.83 for spouses. Conclusion This new measure has potential application in clinical practice and future research to assess couple’s joint coping efforts especially through communication.

Coping with Thesis Writing: An Analysis of Stress Management Techniques in Higher Education

This research explores the relationship between Problem-Focused Coping and Academic Stress among students at Satya Wacana Christian University. In an academic environment where students face immense pressure, particularly during the thesis-writing phase, understanding how coping strategies impact stress levels is crucial. The study involves 145 students, predominantly female, from different faculties, who were surveyed using the Academic Stress Scale and Problem-Focused Coping Scale. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a correlational design to analyze the relationship between coping mechanisms and stress levels. Key findings indicate a diverse range of coping capabilities among students, with a majority scoring medium on the Problem-Focused Coping scale. However, a significant minority demonstrates high coping abilities, suggesting variable stress management skills as per Lazarus and Folkman’s transactional model. Alarmingly, 63% of the participants scored high in the Academic Stress category, underlining the prevalent stress challenges faced by students. Statistical analysis reveals a non-normal distribution of both coping and stress levels, hinting at unique stressors in the university environment. A significant negative correlation between Problem-Focused Coping and Academic Stress, as shown by Spearman’s rho results, supports the hypothesis that effective coping strategies can alleviate stress. The study contributes to the existing literature on stress management in academic settings by highlighting the protective role of Problem-Focused Coping against Academic Stress. It underscores the importance of developing robust coping strategies to aid students in managing academic pressures, particularly during critical phases like thesis writing. The findings also suggest the potential for interventions to enhance Problem-Focused Coping strategies, thereby supporting student well-being and academic success.

Development and Psychometric Properties of Coping Scales towards Adherence to Pharmacological Treatment, Heart-healthy Eating and Cardiovascular Physical Exercise

Background. Coping, within Lazarus transactional theoretical framework, is conceptualized as a dynamic set of cognitive and behavioral processes that adapt continually to manage specific demands, whether internal or external, perceived as exceeding an individual’s available resources. This framework supports understanding healthy coping behaviors, especially regarding adherence to treatment in cardiovascular disease management. Objective. Develop and validate coping scales designed to assess adherence to pharmacological treatment, heart-healthy eating, and cardiovascular physical exercise in mexican patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. Design. The research employed both qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) methodologies to ensure robustness. The coping scales underwent rigorous testing, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which revealed a two-factor solution for medication adherence coping, a three factors solution for physical exercise adherence coping, and a three factors solution for healthy eating adherence coping. Results. The findings suggest that coping strategies, although universal in nature, are sensitive to cultural nuances among patients with ischemic heart disease. By capturing the complexities of coping behaviors within a specific cultural context, these scales provide valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of adherence to primary prevention measures. Conclusion. This study contributes to the understanding of how coping mechanisms intersect with cultural factors in the management of chronic conditions such as ischemic heart disease, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions that consider patients cultural backgrounds and individual coping styles.

Religious/spiritual coping in people with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: To assess religious/spiritual coping in people with chronic kidney disease as a strategy for coping with the disease. Materials and Methods: This quantitative exploratory research was conducted out in a hemodialysis clinic. The sample consisted of 100 people with chronic kidney disease, undergoing hemodialysis treatment. The study used a socioeconomic demographic questionnaire and the Religious/Spiritual Coping Scale. Results: Altogether, 100 people participated in the study, with a mean age of 55.6 years and predominantly male (58%). Among religious/spiritual coping variables (positive, negative, total), the mean value of total religious-spiritual coping was the highest. The means of positive and negative coping indicate that the former is more used. Patients whose religion was Candomblé had higher positive coping, whereas Evangelical patients had higher negative coping, and Spiritists had higher total coping. Discussion: Religious/spiritual coping in the study population was high, demonstrating its importance for coping with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The kidney patients who participated in this study were quite adept at using religious/spiritual coping expressively and positively, pointing out the importance of this practice in coping with kidney disease.