Coping Profiles Research Articles

The Relationship of Stressors for Nursing Students in Practical Training of Pediatric Nursing with Their Stress-Coping Ability and Stress-Coping Behavior

This study identifies the factors that cause stress for students who engage in practical training for pediatric nursing, clarifies these stressors’ relationship with the students’ stress-coping ability and stress-coping behavior, and considers how practical training should be conducted for nursing students. For this study, an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 109 students at four nursing colleges and vocational schools in the Kanto Koshinetsu and Tokai regions. The students were enrolled in practical training for pediatric nursing during the 2019 and 2020 academic years. Three stressors were identified as a result of a factor analysis of the students’ stress. These stressors were then examined with a focus on their relationship with the students’ stress-coping ability and stress-coping behavior. It was found that, among the three stressors, “autonomous care of pediatric patients and their families” and “coordination of practical training with ward nurses” correlated with the “sense of meaningfulness,” which contributes to the students’ stress-coping ability. It was also found that “autonomous care of pediatric patients and their families,” “coordination of practical training with ward nurses,” and the “implementation process of nursing for pediatric patients” correlated with “emotional expression involving others,” a subordinate concept of the Brief Scales for Coping Profile for workers (BSCP). Instructors should encourage students to reflect on their coursework and approach students in an empathetic manner.

Effects of a work-related stress model based mental health promotion program on job stress, stress reactions and coping profiles of women workers: a control groups study

BackgroundWork-related stress and its detrimental effects on human health have rapidly increased during the past several years. It causes many different stress reactions, related diseases and unhealthy behavior among workers, but especially women workers. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of the work-related stress model based Workplace Mental Health Promotion Programme on the job stress, social support, reactions, salivary immunoglobulin A and Cortisol levels, work absenteeism, job performance and coping profiles of women workers.MethodsThis study had a “pre-test post-test non-equivalent control groups” design and included 70 women workers (35 in each study group) selected by randomized sampling from two factories. The programme was delivered as an intervention including 12 weeks of follow-up. Reminder messages, videos, and WhatsApp texts were used at the follow-up stage. The research measurements were; the assessment form, the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, the Brief Coping Profile Scale, salivary ELISA kits, and a self-reported check-list.ResultsThere were no differences in sociodemographic characteristics, general health or working conditions between the Intervention and control groups(p > .05). Three months after the intervention, there was a significant decrease in job stress(p ≤ .001), physical and mental reactions’ scores(p ≤ .001) and work absenteeism(p < .05), and there was an increase in job performance(p < .05), social support(p ≤ .001) among the intervention group. The programme showed positive effects on coping profiles(p < .05). After the intervention salivary-cortisol and IgA levels showed a statistically significant decrease(p < .05). A majority of effect sizes were very large (ηp2 > .14).ConclusionsWork-ProMentH was found to be effective and useful in job stress management and promotion of effective coping profiles. It enables its users to holistically assess worker stress and to plan and examine intervention programmes via a systematic approach. There is a need for more empirical studies that may support the data of the present study, but it is thought that the intervention can be maintained for the long-term. We recommend that occupational health professionals at workplaces should consider using this model-based cost-effective intervention, which seems easy and practical to apply in real-life situations.Trial registrationISRCTN registration ID: ISRCTN14333710 (2020/10/03, retrospective registration).

African American fathers' coping patterns: Implications for father-son involvement and race-related discussions

The current investigation utilizes a profile-oriented methodological approach to identify coping strategies among African American fathers of sons. Additionally, this study examines how identified coping strategies are related to fathers' parenting practices, generally and in the face of racial discrimination. Four hundred thirty-eight fathers (M = 38.39; SD = 9.86) with sons between the ages of 8 and 17 years of age (M = 12.01; SD = 2.84) participated in this investigation. Latent profile analyses identified 8 distinct coping profiles among African American fathers. Results also indicated that these coping profiles were associated with fathers' discrimination experiences and parenting practices. High coping fathers (i.e., higher levels across multiple coping dimensions) noted greater experiences with racial discrimination and also reported greater involvement and ethnic-racial socialization with their sons. Fathers with a more avoidant coping strategy indicated less engaged parenting with their sons. Highlighting intergenerational processes, findings have implications for African American fathers' and sons' coping assets and adaptation.

Coping profiles and health outcomes among individuals with systemic sclerosis: A latent profile analysis approach.

Systemic sclerosis has negative implications for quality of life, and coping is a mechanism by which individuals can adapt more successfully to illness. This study (1) identified coping profiles in patients with systemic sclerosis and (2) examined distress and disability correlates of the profiles. A sample of 93 patients with confirmed diagnoses of systemic sclerosis received clinical examinations and reported on coping, psychological distress, and health-related disability. Latent profile analysis was used to identify coping-based profile groups. The profile groups were then compared on psychological distress and health-related disability, controlling for disease severity. A two-profile solution was supported: Active Copers emphasized problem-focused, social support, counting blessings, and religious approaches to coping with systemic sclerosis. Passive Copers emphasized blaming self and others, avoidance, and wishful thinking approaches to coping. Active Copers reported significantly less psychological distress than Passive Copers, but no significant differences were found for health-related disability. The findings identify multidimensional patterns of coping that are differentially related to psychological distress in systemic sclerosis patients. These findings can inform coping-based interventions for patients with systemic sclerosis.

Attentional Biases to Bullies and Bystanders and Youth’s Coping With Peer Victimization

Effectively coping with peer victimization may be facilitated by deploying attention away from threat (i.e., bullies, reinforcers) and toward available support (e.g., defenders). To test this premise, 72 early adolescents (38 girls; Mage = 11.67, SD = 8.14 months) watched video clips of youth actors portraying a bully aggressing against a victim in front of a reinforcer and a defender. Coping was assessed using self-reports, and peer victimization was assessed through peer-, teacher-, and parent-reports. At high levels of peer victimization, attention to the bully was associated with less seeking of adult support and greater retaliation. Contrary to predictions, at high levels of victimization, attention to defenders was associated with an internalizing coping profile for boys and a retaliatory profile for girls. Thus, attentional biases may contribute to poor coping responses among victimized youth, underscoring the need to study how attention to cues is translated into actionable coping strategies.

Transitions in coping profiles after breast cancer diagnosis: implications for depressive and physical symptoms.

The objective of this study was to determine whether: (a) cancer-related coping profiles change across time; (b) coping profile transition types predict changes in depressive and physical symptoms. Latent transition analysis was conducted with repeated measures of seven cancer-related coping processes from 460 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer. In multilevel models, coping profile transition groups were entered as predictors of symptoms across 12months. Three coping profiles emerged at study entry, with two profiles at later assessments. Forty-eight percent of women maintained high-moderate approach-oriented coping over time. Specific factors (e.g., age, acceptance of emotions) differentiated the transition groups. Women who increased and then maintained high-moderate approach-oriented coping had relatively high initial depressive symptoms that declined steeply. When cancer-related acceptance predominated, women experienced increasing physical symptoms. Distinct cancer-related coping patterns are related to the level of and change in depressive and physical symptoms longitudinally. Early intervention to increase approach-oriented coping strategies could yield favorable outcomes.

Coping Strategies and Self-Efficacy in University Students: A Person-Centered Approach.

In daily academic life, students are exposed to a wide range of potentially stressful situations which could negatively affect their academic achievement and their health. Among the factors that could be weakened by academic stress, attention has been paid to expectations of self-efficacy, which are considered one of the most important determinants for student engagement, persistence, and academic success. From a proactive perspective, research on academic stress has emphasized the importance of coping strategies in preventing harmful consequences. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in discovering the extent to which individuals are able to combine different coping strategies and the adaptive consequences this flexibility entails. However, studies using this person-centered approach are still scarce in the academic context. On that basis, this current study had two objectives: (a) to examine the existence of different profiles of university students based on how they combined different approach coping strategies (positive reappraisal, support seeking, and planning) and (b) to determine the existence of differences in general expectations of self-efficacy between those coping profiles. A total of 1,072 university students participated in the study. The coping profiles were determined by latent profile analysis (LPA). The differences in the self-efficacy variable were determined using ANCOVA, with gender, university year, and degree type as covariates. Four approach coping profiles were identified: (a) low generalized use of approach coping strategies; (b) predominance of social approach coping approaches; (c) predominance of cognitive approach coping approaches; and (d) high generalized use of approach coping strategies. The profile showed that a greater combination of the three strategies was related to higher general self-efficacy expectations and vice versa. These results suggest that encouraging flexibility in coping strategies would help to improve university students’ self-efficacy.

Mental health and coping strategies in families of children and young adults with muscular dystrophies.

Living with a progressive disease as muscular dystrophy (MD) can be challenging for the patient and the entire family from both emotional and practical point of view. We aimed to extend our previously published data about mental health in patients with MDs, also investigating coping profiles of both themselves and their parents. Furthermore, we wanted to verify whether psychological adaptation of patients can be predicted by coping strategies, taking also into account physical impairment, cognitive level and socioeconomic status. 112 patients with MDs, aged 2-32 were included. Their emotional and behavioural features were assessed through parent- and self-report Achenbach System for Empirically Based Assessment questionnaires and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires. Development and Well-Being Assessment or Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule were administered to confirm suspected diagnoses. Coping profile of both parents and patients was assessed through the self-administered New Italian Version of the Coping Orientation to the Problems Experienced questionnaire and its relationship with emotional/behavioural outcome was examined in linear regression analyses. High prevalence of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders was confirmed in Duchenne MD. Despite the high rate of internalizing symptomatology, we did not report higher rate of psychopathological disorders compared to general population. Parents tend to rely more on positive reinterpretation and less on disengagement coping. Avoidance coping, whether used by parents or patients, and ID, predicted increased emotional/behavioural problems. Psychosocial interventions should address problems of anxiety and depression that people with MDs frequently experience, even through fostering parents' and childrens' engagement coping over disengagement coping.

Coping styles associated with glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims/ObjectivesGlycemic control varies according to stress level and the efficacy of control measures, affecting the outcomes of diabetes. Although detailed coping styles have not been well studied in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, problem‐focused coping strategies are believed to be related to better control of blood glucose. Associations between coping profiles/dimensions and blood glucose control were examined in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe participants included 503 Japanese patients (mean age 63.9 ± 12.6 years) with type 2 diabetes. The average glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were calculated from HbA1c levels measured more than four times within the 12 months before the assessment. Coping profiles were assessed using the Brief Scale for Coping Profile. Lifestyle factors were also included in the analyses.ResultsFactors other than age were not associated with HbA1c levels in patients who used insulin. Conversely, habitual alcohol consumption, single status, the adaptive emotion‐focused coping dimension, and changing mood and changing one’s point of view profiles were associated with HbA1c levels.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that adaptive emotion‐focused coping supports glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients who do not use insulin. Additional studies using a longitudinal design are required to further examine the relationships between psychological factors and glycemic control.

The development of academic coping across late elementary and early middle school: Do patterns differ for students with differing motivational resources?

The way that students cope with the difficulties and setbacks they encounter daily in their academic work can make a material difference to their learning, school success, and capacity to re-engage with challenging educational activities. Because of their potential importance to students’ everyday academic resilience, educators and researchers are interested in the development of adaptive and maladaptive ways of coping—both how they improve or deteriorate over students’ educational careers and the factors that underlie their differential development. Using information on self-reports of 5 adaptive and 6 maladaptive ways of coping, collected from 1,018 American third through sixth graders in fall and spring of the same school year, this study examined (1) the normative progression of these 11 ways of coping across fall of third to spring of sixth grade, and (2) whether developmental patterns differed for students with differing motivational resources. A generally stable profile of constructive coping was evident during Grades 3 and 4 (in which adaptive strategies were high and maladaptive responses low), followed by modest improvements across fourth to fifth grades. Marked shifts were apparent across the transition to middle school. Compared to spring of fifth grade, students in fall of sixth grade reported lower levels of all adaptive and higher levels of all maladaptive ways of coping, and this trend persisted across the first year of middle school. Although motivational resources did not produce differing developmental trends, they did seem to organize coping. Highest levels of adaptive coping were found for students high in both personal and interpersonal assets, just as the highest levels of maladaptive coping were found for students high in both personal and interpersonal liabilities. Findings suggest that both motivational and developmental approaches are needed to fully account for patterns of age-graded trends in academic coping across late elementary and early middle school.

Profiles of middle school teacher stress and coping: Concurrent and prospective correlates

This study examined the stress and coping patterns of middle school teachers. A final teacher sample of 102 and student sample of 1450 agreed to participate in the study. We conducted a latent profile analysis of the teachers' self-reported levels of stress and coping at the beginning of the school year and used the resulting profiles to predict teacher practices and student outcomes over time. Nearly all teachers were characterized by high stress and high coping (66%) or high stress and low coping (28%). Based on concurrent ratings and observations, the High Stress/Low Coping profile had higher burnout and lower self-efficacy, higher rates of observed reprimands, and higher student-reported depression in comparison to the other classes. The most adaptive profile, Low Stress/High Coping (6% of sample), had lower burnout, greater parent involvement and higher student prosocial skills in comparison to the other groups. Profiles also predicted the maintenance of most of these effects and the increase of some effects over the school year. Examining stress and coping in combination can inform efforts to improve teacher well-being and have a positive influence on student learning environments.

Profiles of appraisal, motivation, and coping for positive emotions

ABSTRACTWe used a retrospective survey (N = 346) to model the patterns of appraisal, motivation, and coping that uniquely correspond with 12 positive emotions (affection/love, amusement, awe, challenge/determination, compassion, gratitude, happiness/joy, hope, interest, pride, relief, and serenity/tranquillity). Generally, we conceptually replicated previously demonstrated appraisal profiles of positive emotion while also examining how additional appraisals differentiate among positive emotions. We then uncovered the motivational goals and coping processes associated with each positive emotion. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research on positive emotion.

Coping behaviors and depressive status in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high prevalence of depression, which is influenced by personality traits and coping style. However, these psychological factors have not been well studied in individuals with T2DM. The association between coping behaviors and the reported levels of depressive symptoms was examined in individuals with T2DM.MethodsThe subjects were 435 T2DM patients (mean age 63.1 ± 12.6 years). Depressive status, personality traits and coping behaviors were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Brief Scale for Coping Profile (BSCP). Lifestyle factors and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in the patients were also included in the analyses.ResultsAmong the 435 subjects with T2DM, 130 (29.9%) exhibited possible depression, and 68 (15.6%) displayed probable depression. After adjustment for confounders, logistic and multiple regression analyses revealed that certain coping profile scores, such as Changing one’s point of view, Emotional expression involving others and Avoidance and suppression, were consistently and significantly associated with the presence and severity of depression. No relationship was found between depression and HbA1c.ConclusionThese findings indicate that Maladaptive emotion-focused coping strategies, such as Emotional expression involving others and Avoidance and suppression, are protective factors and that Adaptive emotion-focused coping, such as Changing one’s point of view, is a risk factor for depression in T2DM patients. Psychological intervention focusing on the coping profile may reduce depressive symptoms. Additional studies are needed to examine the relationships between psychological factors and depressive symptoms using a longitudinal study design.

Patterns of coping among caregivers of children with spinal cord injury: Associations with parent and child well-being.

Few studies have investigated how caregivers manage stressors associated with their child's spinal cord injury (SCI) and how these patterns relate to their child's coping and adjustment. The current study explored empirically derived coping profiles among caregivers of youth with SCI and the relation of these patterns to parent and youth psychosocial outcomes. This was a cross-sectional survey of 318 children (ages 1 to 18) and a primary caregiver. Participants completed measures assessing demographics, coping, quality of life (QOL), anxiety, and depression. We utilized hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analyses to identify unique coping patterns and one-way analysis of variance with control variables to assess relations between parental coping and psychosocial well-being. The analyses produced 3 parent coping clusters, which included avoidant (n = 47), constructive (n = 119), and adjusted/low (n = 152). ANCOVAs revealed that parents in the avoidant cluster, who utilized disengagement and blaming strategies, had significantly worse mental health symptoms compared to the constructive and adjusted low coping clusters. Specifically, avoidant coping was significantly related to increased symptoms of caregiver depression (p < .001) and anxiety (p < .001) as well as children's self-report of anxiety (p = .002), depression (p < .005) and emotional QOL (p < .001). These findings highlight the importance of fostering constructive and positive coping for both the children who face chronic illness and their caregivers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Socjodemograficzne uwarunkowania sposobów radzenia sobie w sytuacjach trudnych przez personel pielęgniarski

&lt;p&gt;Rezultaty radzenia sobie w sytuacjach problemowych można ocenić, analizując reakcje fizjologiczne, czynności motoryczne i objawy emocjonalne. Im efektywniej człowiek radzi sobie w sytuacji problemowej, tym lepsze jest jego funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne. Adekwatność wybranego profilu radzenia sobie wpływa na stan zdrowia somatycznego i psychicznego. Najistotniejszą cechą radzenia sobie powinna być elastyczność – dopasowanie do zmieniających się warunków. Celem badań była ocena socjodemograficznych czynników warunkujących radzenie sobie w sytuacjach trudnych przez personel pielęgniarski. Badaniami objęto 81‒osobową grupę pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy. Wykorzystano autorską metryczkę dotyczącą socjodemograficznej charakterystyki badanych osób oraz Kwestionariusz radzenia sobie z problemami (WCQ Lazarus i Folkman). Na podstawie wyników badań stwierdzono, że istnieje zależność pomiędzy radzeniem sobie w sytuacjach trudnych przez personel pielęgniarski a miejscem zamieszkania, wiekiem i stażem pracy w zawodzie. Poszczególne strategie radzenia sobie w sytuacjach trudnych badanych osób nie korelują z płcią i wykształceniem.&lt;/p&gt;

Psychological pathway from racial discrimination to the physical consequences of alcohol consumption: Religious coping as a protective factor

While racial discrimination (RD) is associated with increased alcohol-related problems among African Americans (AAs), researchers have not examined how RD contributes to the physical consequences of alcohol consumption over time. In addition, the protective role of religious coping has been discussed but not formally tested in pathways connecting RD to the physical consequences of alcohol consumption. To address this gap, we estimated latent growth mediation models in a sample of 465 AA emerging adults. We found that RD increased physical consequences of alcohol consumption over time through psychological distress. After identifying two profiles of religious coping (i.e., low and high religious coping), RD indirectly influenced the physical consequences of alcohol consumption through psychological distress among AAs in the low religious coping group. Our results signal the importance of developing alcohol-misuse prevention programs that address the psychological consequences of RD. Integrating culturally tailored coping strategies (e.g., religious coping) may bolster the efficacy of these prevention programs.

Profiles of Coping with Ethnic-Racial Discrimination and Latina/o Adolescents' Adjustment.

The approaches Latina/o youth use for coping with discrimination have important consequences for their adjustment. Yet, little research has examined how adolescents draw on different coping strategies and how patterns of strategies may differentially predict their outcomes. The current investigation examined adolescents' patterns of coping strategies, changes in these patterns over time, and whether profile membership or transitions in profile membership related to adolescent adjustment. Among a longitudinal sample of Latina/o adolescents (N= 323, 49.5% female, Mage = 15.31 years), three profiles of coping strategies emerged: Passive and Moderately Proud, Confrontative, and Proactive. Latent Transition Analysis showed that these profiles were stable over time, that a majority of youth remained in the same profile of strategies across three years, and that the profiles were differentially related to adolescents' adjustment. The findings showed that individuals in the Proactive profile reported higher self-esteem and academic motivation than adolescents drawing on different repertoires of coping strategies. These results provide new insights regarding the concurrence of strategies Latina/o youth use to cope with ethnic-racial discrimination and suggest that the adoption of proactive strategies as part of a repertoire of coping strategies could potentially reduce the negative effects of discrimination among adolescents.

Stress and Coping Profiles and Cardiometabolic Risk in Low-Income African American Women.

Background: The complex interplay of psychological stress appraisal, biology, chronically stressful environments, and individual coping mechanisms can impact and tax physiological adaptive processes. This can result in increased cardiometabolic risk (CMR), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear and appear to differ significantly based on age, sex, race, and ethnicity. This crosssectional descriptive study explored stress profiles of psychological and behavioral adjustment to determine the extent to which patterns of stressors, coping, and CMR differentiated these profiles. Materials andMethods: African American (AA) women (N = 110; M age = 38.61 years, SD = 6.94 years) were recruited from low-income communities and participated in two home visits to complete stress and coping and cardiovascular risk measures. Results: Three distinct stress and coping adjustment profiles were associated with differences in CMR. The "holding steady" profile had less insulin resistance (IR) and substance use compared to "high substance users" and "high internalizers" profiles. Women who were "holding steady" used less avoidant coping than "high internalizers." Conclusions: Less favorable adjustment processes were associated with IR, as well as significantly higher levels of avoidant coping and substance use. In AA women, awareness of and attention to stress and coping patterns may help attenuate CMR.

Association of tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment with out-of-home mobility among community-dwelling older people

BackgroundAs people age, functional losses may limit the potential to get outside the home and participate in desired activities and community life. Coping with age-related losses has been reported to be important for psychological well-being. Hitherto is not known whether active use of coping strategies also helps maintain out-of-home mobility.AimsWe investigated how two coping strategies, tenacious goal pursuit (TGP; persistency in reaching one’s goals) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA; adjusting one’s goals to changed circumstances), are associated with life-space mobility and perceived autonomy in participation outdoors among community-dwelling older people.MethodsParticipants (n = 186) were aged 79–93 years. TGP and FGA were self-reported using separate scales. Perceived autonomy in participation was assessed with the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Outdoors-subscale, and life-space mobility with the Life-Space Assessment. Two-step cluster analysis was used to create data-driven coping profiles of TGP and FGA.ResultsGeneral linear model analyses showed that the profile including highly tenacious and flexible older people had the highest life-space mobility and perceived autonomy outdoors, whereas the profile including people with low TGP and low FGA showed the lowest scores. Depressive symptoms attenuated the associations.ConclusionsActive use of both TGP and FGA is favorable for out-of-home mobility and enables more active participation in society in later life.

A Hierarchical Model of Authentic Work Stress using Physiological Signals and Stress Coping Profiles

A Hierarchical Model of Authentic Work Stress using Physiological Signals and Stress Coping Profiles