Coping Responses Research Articles

Assessment of Nurses’ Stress and Coping Responses during Covid-19 Pandemic: Isolation and Quarantine Hospitals at El-Beheira Governorate

Assessment of Nurses’ Stress and Coping Responses during Covid-19 Pandemic: Isolation and Quarantine Hospitals at El-Beheira Governorate

Exploring lived experiences in oral cavity cancer: An Asia-Pacific perspective on psychosocial challenges and opportunities for enhanced patient-centric care.

12097 Background: Locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (LA OC SCC) is profoundly emotionally taxing, characterized by a dual burden of undergoing treatment and adapting to post-treatment changes. The research explores lived experiences including psychosocial aspects, to identify approaches to establish a resilient supportive system for patients to improve coping and reduce anxiety and distress. Methods: A total of115in-depth interviews were conducted across Australia, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. Informants were LA OC SCC patients who underwent surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, their caregivers, multidisciplinary team (surgeons and clinical, radiation and medical oncologists) and supportive care HCPs (nursing, case managers/care coordinators, psychologists, speech therapists, dietitians, and dentists). Interview guide design and thematic analysis were guided by the Psycho-Onco Emotional Anxiety (POEM) framework and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) model. Results: The POEM framework illuminated patients’ lived cancer experiences, emotions and psychological thoughts and processes influenced by beliefs of the world, others and self which impact coping responses that maintain or drive anxiety. Key themes emerged: physical and functional impairments result in negative psychosocial impact; constraints hinder person-centered care communications with HCPs and interpersonal dynamics with significant others; and personal and interpersonal experiences result in negative coping, exacerbated by inadequate health services and social support. Multimodal therapeutic interventions for LA OC SCC lead to physical and functional impairments implicating psychosocial and psychosexual quality of life. LA OC SCC stigma, societal norms and highly socially constrained patients grapple with distress from inadequate psychosocial support. Furthermore, HCPs may have preconceptions of LA OC SCC patients hindering patient-centered approaches to care and management. In certain regions, insufficient hospital support systems exacerbate the toll of strained interpersonal relationships and caregiver burden on physical, psychological and emotional well-being. Consequently, treatment adherence, self-care and survivorship experiences of patients and caregivers are affected. Conclusions: Utilizing the POEM framework, the study delved into nuanced patient and caregiver-narrated experiences in 5 Asia-Pacific countries/territories with distinctive supportive care systems. Findings underscore the imperative of improving patient-centric care through enhanced psychosocial support for patients and caregivers, identifying specific areas where health services can be better equipped to support holistic patient health delivery, especially psychosocial health.

Narratives of Disconnection: A Life Course Perspective of Methamphetamine Use Among Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV.

Sexual minority men (SMM) are exposed to societal and structural stressors that translate into poor health outcomes. One such outcome is substance use, which research has long documented as a prominent disparity among SMM. Methamphetamine is a particularly deleterious substance for SMM because its use is often framed as a coping response to social and structural stressors. Guided by stress and coping theory and a life course perspective, the purpose of this qualitative study is to assess the development of coping strategies in the context of prominent social and structural determinants among SMM living with HIV who use methamphetamine. Data were collected from 2016 to 2018 via in-depth interviews with 24 SMM living with HIV who use methamphetamine in San Francisco, CA. Mean age of participants was 47 and over half self-identified as ethnoracial minorities. Narrative analysis surfaced a sequential pattern of disconnection at foundational, relational, and recovery levels. This analysis revealed that multi-level stressors were present across the life course that amplified engagement in methamphetamine use. Findings highlight the benefits of holistic, integrated, and trauma-informed approaches to address the function of methamphetamine use as a response to societal, cultural, and institutional processes of stigmatization and discrimination. Peer-based approaches may also be beneficial to reframe the ways in which SMM living with HIV who use methamphetamine form and sustain relationships.

Self-Criticism: Conceptualization, Assessment and Interventions

Self-criticism, considered as a transdiagnostic concept in the emergence of various psychopathologies, is considered as negative evaluations directed towards oneself especially in perceived failure situations. In literature various views regarding self-criticism, suggesting it as a personality trait, a style of relating to oneself, a coping response to various situations, or a safety strategy developed to restrain negative experiences, exist. In this regard, various researchers have conceptualized self-criticism with different dimensions and structures, leading to the development of various measurement tools. Findings obtained from these scales indicate that self-criticism is a risk factor for psychopathology and a factor that affects individuals to experience difficult emotions and their engagement in various challenging behaviors such as perfectionism and emotional eating. For this reason, several interventions aimed at reducing individuals' levels of self-criticism have been conducted in the literature. In this study the scales developed based on different conceptualizations of self-criticism were introduced, the effects of self-criticism on individuals were presented by compiling results of studies in which the relationships between self-criticism and various variables were examined and finally the results of intervention studies based on Cognitive Therapy, Emotion-Focused Therapy, and Compassion-Focused Therapy were summarized. It is believed that providing comprehensive theoretical and empirical knowledge related to self-criticism will contribute to future studies in the field.

A qualitative study of the psychological effects of quarantine as an infection control measure in Norway

AbstractThis study explores the psychological reactions to being placed in quarantine during the early stage (March and April 2020) of the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. We interviewed a sample of nineteen Norwegian citizens aged 21–64 years who were quarantined for 14 days in the early period of the pandemic before testing and vaccination were available to the general population. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct in-depth interviews about stress, coping, and adaptation to quarantine. A thematic analysis approach was used. Four main themes emerged in the interviews: (a) Being responsible, in terms of addressing the fear of being infected and infecting others, (b) The stress of the situation, in terms of highlighting worries, loss and loneliness, (c) Ways of coping, in terms of elaborating on cognitive, behavioral, and affective strategies to adapt to the quarantine, and (d) Social support and gratitude, in terms of appreciating interpersonal relations and the social context of the quarantine situation. The study contributes to our understanding of how differences in stress, appraisal, and coping may influence adaptation to a radically changed living condition in the early stage of the pandemic. These findings may inform health service providers and promote public health advise to support coping and resilient response in future health crises.

"No point worrying" – The role of threat devaluation in information security behavior

Extant information security research is characterized by a focus on problem-focused security behaviours, while overlooking the internal, and emotion-focused coping responses that humans exhibit. Threat devaluation, where severity is downplayed, is an established dimension of risk perception, and yet it has not been considered in information security research to date. We address this gap by developing and empirically testing a research model of how threat and coping factors from Protection Motivation Theory influence both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping responses. Data was collected from 518 users and PLS was used to reveal the determinants of, and the relationship between, problem-focused and emotion-focused coping behaviors. The results demonstrate that threat devaluation is a measurable outcome of all threat and coping appraisals considered, providing evidence that multiple coping strategies may be involved in a security threat situation. We also find that many of the well-established determinants of information security behavior, such as self-efficacy, are significantly related to emotion-focused responses. This has implications for researchers and practitioners who seek to create secure environments where users are more likely to enact constructive and problem-focused security behaviors.

An evaluation of the behavioural inhibition system and behavioural activation system (BIS-BAS) model of pain in athletes

ABSTRACT This study examined coping and pain responses using a behavioural inhibition (BIS) – behavioural activation (BAS) framework in 489 student athletes (M(age) = 20, SD = 4; 69% female). Two samples of athletes (226 pain-free athletes and 232 athletes with current pain) completed surveys assessing BIS- and BAS-related cognitions, emotions, and behaviours. Distinct groupings of BAS-related variables were identified in both samples, evidenced by significant positive correlations within BAS-related variables (positive affect, pain openness, approach thoughts and behaviours). Most BIS-related variables (depression, anxiety, harm beliefs, pain catastrophizing and avoidance behaviours) were also correlated in the sample of athletes with pain; however, this was not observed in pain-free athletes. In athletes with pain, BIS-related variables were significantly associated with pain variables, with this association stronger than that found for BAS-related variables. Regression analyses highlighted the pivotal role of pain catastrophizing as a predictor of pain unpleasantness and intensity. Findings shed light on the factors shaping athletes’ coping, pain perception and decisions as to whether to pause or push through. Future investigations to explore these dynamics in more depth may aid in the development of targeted interventions that enhance athletes’ ability to cope and to manage pain more effectively.

Not all IT addictions are handled equally: guilt-vs shame-driven coping with IT addiction

PurposeWe build on the transactional model of stress and coping and the appraisal theory of emotions to theorize how users cognitively and emotionally cope with IT addiction-induced stress, distinguish between the roles of guilt and shame in shaping the coping responses and their effects on one’s psychological well-being.Design/methodology/approachWe test our theory via two complementary empirical studies in the context of social networking sites (SNS). Study 1 (n = 462) adopts a variable-centered approach using structural equation modeling to validate the research model. Study 2 (n = 409) uses Latent Profile Analysis to identify a typology of SNS users based on Study 1’s findings.FindingsThis paper provides a model of guilt-vs shame-driven cognitive-emotional coping with IT addiction and its effects on users’ psychological well-being. It also offers a typology of SNS users on this basis.Originality/valueThis paper sheds light on guilt-vs shame-driven coping with IT addiction and its consequences on users’ psychological well-being and identifies distinct classes of users based on their coping choices and their consequences.

Further examination of the dual-factor model: characteristics of emerging adults with non-traditional mental health profiles

Traditionally, the mental health field has focused on psychological symptoms and distress, and health is considered the absence of illness. An alternative view suggests that optimal mental health must include the presence of positive characteristics in addition to the absence of illness. Accordingly, a dual-factor model of mental health includes measures of both psychopathology and positive subjective well-being to determine an individual’s mental health status. The current study investigated this dual-factor model by examining whether subjective well-being and psychopathology combine to produce distinct mental health profiles in emerging adults. A sample of 559 university students completed self-report surveys indicating their life satisfaction and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Cluster analysis yielded four unique mental health groups. The well-adjusted cluster included individuals with high life satisfaction and low internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The dissatisfied cluster consisted of individuals with low externalizing, but also low life satisfaction and slightly above-average levels of internalizing. The externalizing cluster had high life satisfaction but also high externalizing psychopathology, and the troubled cluster exhibited low life satisfaction and high levels of both psychopathology symptoms. The clusters also differed in their personality traits, coping responses, and automatic thoughts, with the most favorable pattern across all three dimensions exhibited by the well-adjusted cluster. These findings highlight the importance of considering positive indicators of mental health in addition to measures of psychopathology and support the use of an empirical classification procedure in determining the mental health status of emerging adults.

Resistance to persuasion as a maladaptive coping response to anti Covid-19 message: a protection motivation theory perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to shed light on the protection motivation theory’s (PMT) maladaptive coping response to anti-Covid-19 preventive persuasive appeals. PMT is based on coping appraisal that may lead to either an adaptive- or a maladaptive coping response. It has been suggested that the maladaptive coping response is not sufficiently investigated and can be represented by individuals’ resistance to anti-Covid-19 persuasive messages. It has been also supposed that resistance is predicted and modeled through a set of cognitive, affective and individual factors such as information processing style, fear arousal, gender and coping self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment and a survey were conducted online on a random sample of 290 individuals. The sample was divided into two groups, each of which was exposed to an anti-Covid-19 persuasive message.FindingsThe findings show that resistance to anti-Covid-19 persuasion is not directly predicted by the individual’s exposure to the message, but channeled through an affective and a cognitive process. It was also reported that resistance is predicted by both the reflective and the nonreflective information processing styles, which are in turn predicted by a high versus a low fear arousal. Fear arousal level was shown to be moderated by gender and coping self-efficacy.Originality/valueThis research brings additional insight to the PMT in so far that it highlights the maladaptive coping response through resistance to persuasion in a pandemic context.

Portuguese Caregivers of Persons With Alzheimer's Disease in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of the Grieving Process.

This study addresses the experiences of informal caregivers caring for elderly family members with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study includes a sample of eight informal caregivers who were evaluated through a semi-structured interview six months after the death of a loved one they cared for. A thematic content analysis was applied to the interviews and yielded two higher-order domains: (1) Experiencing the AD and the death of a family member and (2) The grieving process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results provide valuable insights into family caregivers' experiences regarding the profound emotional impact of caregiving and grief during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregivers maintain their identity even after loss, underscoring the enduring impact of caregiving. The identity as a caregiver impacted coping and grief responses, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BRADLEY METHOD ON LABOUR OUTCOME IN PRIMIGRAVIDA WOMEN

During pregnancy, women and birthing people build an entourage of support, including a birth companion of choice to provide individualised care by actively participating in the childbirth process. This article examines the Bradley Method, which teaches the birth companion (husband) to coach birthing people using hands-on approaches, including massages, breathing exercises, relaxation techniques and verbal encouragement and its effect on labour outcome, coping response and maternal satisfaction with the childbirth experience.

Gratitude research: Review and future agenda using bibliometric analysis of the studies published in the last 20 years

AbstractAlthough there is an exponential rise in the literature on gratitude research, there is no attempt to systematically identify the historical development and recent trends in gratitude research. Gratitude has been defined diversely as an emotion, an attitude, a moral virtue, a habit, a personality trait or a coping response. As an emotion, people experience gratitude when they receive something valuable from someone else. As a trait, it is defined as a tendency to recognise and respond to goodness in others. The present study uses bibliometric analysis to review gratitude publications from the last 20 years, that is from 2001 to September 2023. WoS (Web of Science) identified 2982 publications referring to gratitude in title, abstract or keywords. It comprised 2860 articles and 122 review papers. The extracted data were analysed and visualised with the help of two analytical tools, that is the WoS analysis and VOSviewer (version 1.6.16). This study elicits the number of publications and citations from 2001 to September 2023, and most cited publications, and the most influential authors, articles, publishers, universities and countries as performance analysis. Furthermore, collaboration among countries, keyword co‐occurrence and recent trend analysis are employed through science mapping. The results reveal that the major research areas of gratitude research are psychology, social sciences, business economics, psychiatry and public environmental and occupational health. The keywords co‐occurrence suggest five major research clusters: evolutionary studies of gratitude, gratitude and health, gratitude and positive psychology, gratitude among children and adolescent and mediating and moderating studies of gratitude. Also, the analysis of recent 5‐year studies highlights a clear trend of scientific explorations of gratitude against earlier trends of articles on philosophical and religious connotations of gratitude.

Understanding the Experiences and Counseling Needs of Black Women with Infertility

ABSTRACT The lack of acknowledging infertility in the Black community often leaves women bewildered about their situations and the availability and influence of counseling support. In addition to these perplexities, counseling scholars have not fully documented the intersectional experiences of Black women experiencing infertility challenges. Utilizing an intersectionality approach, this study makes meaning of the interpretations surrounding mental health and Black women experiencing infertility challenges. The data analysis of 13 interviews captures how Black women reflect on infertility experiences, narrate mental health and coping responses, and explain counseling needs and barriers. Findings from this study suggest that self-concept and internal understanding may draw upon historical racial contexts of femininity and reproductive value and the societal expectation to shoulder personal responsibility for challenges. This study provides counselors with ways to conceptualize this population through race, gender, and feminist theory while sharing strategies to guide clients toward healing gendered and race-related challenges.

Latinx/Hispanic youths' experiences of cultural stressors, emotional reactions, and coping within the family context.

This qualitative investigation examined how Latinx/Hispanic youth experience cultural stressors, emotionally react to, and cope with these stressors within the family context. Forty-five youth participated in six focus groups (51% female; 49% male; 0% nonbinary; Mage = 15.26; SD = 0.79). Using reflexive thematic analysis, we constructed two themes with four accompanying subthemes centering on (a) observing family members experience cultural stressors and (b) experiencing cultural stressors together with family members. Findings highlight the need for cultural stress theory to focus on the family context in Latinx/Hispanic youths' experiences of cultural stressors, their emotional reactions and coping responses to these stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychometric Testing of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory Among Diverse Women From a Rural Community in Hawai'i.

The Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) Inventory is a standardized and widely used scale that enables researchers to measure coping responses of persons in relation to stressors. The psychometric properties of this scale, however, have not been assessed for communities in Hawai'i. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Brief COPE for diverse women from a rural community on the island of O'ahu in Hawai'i. This study was conducted in a federally qualified health center (FQHC) with 161 women who were of a childbearing age between the ages of 18 to 38 years. Contrary to previous research, the factor structure of the final model suggested six factors: Behavioral Disengagement, Denial, Venting, and Self-Blame; Action Coping, Positive Reframing, Acceptance, and Planning; Humor; Substance Use; Social Support; and Religion. The final model demonstrated good model fit with an RMSEA of .07 and CFI of .95. The reduced factor structure may be a more robust measure of coping strategies, which may allow for better resources and interventions that adequately address the way women of childbearing ages from rural communities respond to stressful situations. Exploring coping mechanisms of diverse women will better our understanding of the way people respond to stress and develop strengths and mechanisms that mediate stressors including those that are linked to social and cultural determinants of health. Findings from this study may also inform future research and policy that aim to foster coping, and thus, resiliency of diverse women, particularly in rural settings.

Perceived Parenting Styles in Relation with Coping Strategies among the Children of Single Parents in Pakistan

Background: The dynamics within single-parent families, particularly the influence of parenting styles on the coping strategies of children, have garnered significant attention in psychological research. The intricate relationship between a parent's approach to raising their child and the child's subsequent development of coping mechanisms to navigate life's challenges is pivotal to understanding the psychosocial well-being of children in single-parent families. Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the correlations between different parenting styles—permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative—and the coping strategies adopted by children of single parents. Additionally, it sought to identify which parenting styles significantly predict the coping strategies utilized by these children. Methods: A correlational and comparative study design was employed, involving 153 adolescents aged 13 to 19 from single-parent families in Faisalabad and Sargodha, Pakistan. The Coping Response Inventory (CRI) and Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) were utilized to measure coping strategies and parenting styles, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson’s moment correlation, regression analysis, and Independent Samples T-Test to examine the relationships between parenting styles and coping strategies and to assess gender differences. Results: The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between permissive and authoritarian parenting styles (r ranging from .439 to .787, p < .01). Regression analysis revealed that logical analysis, positive reappraisal, and problem-solving were significant predictors of coping strategies (p < .001). Gender-based analysis showed females scored significantly higher in positive reappraisal, seeking guidance/support, acceptance/resignation, and emotional discharge coping strategies compared to males (p < .005). No significant gender differences were found in parenting styles. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant impact of permissive and authoritarian parenting styles on the development of coping strategies among children of single parents. Tailored interventions supporting single parents in adopting more adaptive parenting styles could foster better coping mechanisms in their children, enhancing their psychosocial well-being.

Gender Differences in Facebook Addiction as a Coping Response to Social Stressors and Poor Self-Confidence

The Threat Appraisal and Coping Theory suggests that when individuals perceive social stressors from important interpersonal relationships (family, friends, romance), and when they have poor self-confidence, they may display the coping behavior of seeking social support, including that provided by social media platforms such as Facebook. However, individuals who perceive intense social stressors and have poor self-confidence may use Facebook to the extent that it interferes with other areas of their lives. The present study examined this cognitive sequence that could lead to such Facebook addiction: SOCIAL STRESSORS à POOR SELF-CONFIDENCE à EXCESSIVE FACEBOOK. Because of past research showing gender differences in each of these variables, we hypothesized that women would be more likely to show the proposed cognitive sequence leading to Facebook addiction. Participants were 243 women and 209 men from a paid online Survey Monkey sample who reported demographics, three social stressors (family, friends, romance), self-confidence with Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, and excessive Facebook use with the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. Unlike our hypothesized results, moderated mediational analyses with 5000 bootstrapped samples found significantly higher indirect effect sizes for the three-variable sequence in men than in women, specifically when the social stressor was from family or romantic partners. One interpretation would be that when conflicts occur in intimate personal relationships (family, romance), women may have a wider network of real-life relationships in which they share their emotional concerns, whereas men are more likely to rely on online social media to vent concerns about intimate relationships.

Combining user-centered design and behavioral theory to enhance health technologies: A personas-based approach for a primary-care based multifactorial falls risk assessment tool

IntroductionMultifactorial falls risk assessment tools (FRATs) can be an effective falls prevention method for older adults, but are often underutilized by health care professionals (HCPs). This study aims to enhance the use and implementation of multifactorial FRATs by combining behavioral theory with the user-centered design (UCD) method of personas construction. Specifically, the study aimed to (1) construct personas that are based on external (i.e., needs, preferences) and intrinsic user characteristics (i.e., behavioral determinants); and (2) use these insights to inform requirements for optimizing an existing Dutch multifactorial FRAT (i.e., the ‘Valanalyse’). MethodsSurvey data from HCPs (n = 31) was used to construct personas of the ‘Valanalyse.’ To examine differences between clusters on 68 clustering variables, a multivariate cluster analysis technique with non-parametric analyses and computational methods was used. The aggregated external and intrinsic user characteristics of personas were used to inform key design and implementation requirements for the ‘Valanalyse,’ respectively, whereby intrinsic user characteristics were matched with appropriate behavior change techniques to guide implementation. ResultsSignificant differences between clusters were observed in 20 clustering variables (e.g., behavioral beliefs, situations for use). These variables were used to construct six personas representing users of each cluster. Together, the six personas helped operationalize four key design requirements (e.g., guide treatment-related decision making) and 14 implementation strategies (e.g., planning coping responses) for optimizing the ‘Valanalyse’ in Dutch geriatric, primary care settings. ConclusionThe findings suggest that theory- and evidence-based personas that encompass both external and intrinsic user characteristics are a useful method for understanding how the use and implementation of multifactorial FRATs can be optimized with and for HCPs, providing important implications for developers and eHealth interventions with regards to encouraging technology adoption.

Do women perceive incivility from men as selective? Examining main effects, coping responses, and boundary conditions

AbstractWomen are more likely than men to be targets of incivility in the workplace. Scholars have referred to this pattern as selective incivility and suggest that incivility directed toward women—that is, selective incivility—is a form of modern sexism in the workplace. However, it remains unclear whether women themselves make sense of incivility from men as a form of gender bias, and when such perceptions shape whether women engage in unique responses to incivility perceived as selective. Drawing on social identity theory, we develop a conceptual model to better understand these relationships. Across two studies with working women, we show that women perceive male‐instigated incivility as selective. Further, our findings show that women are more likely to engage in problem‐focused‐responses (i.e., direct confrontation and formal reporting), rather than emotion‐focused responses (i.e., avoidance) in response to incivility perceived as selective and that these coping responses are, at times, moderated by the frequency of incivility. Overall, our research advances the literature on incivility, selective incivility, and gender bias at work, offers practical implications for managers seeking to foster workplace inclusion, and suggests novel directions for future research.