Coping Research Articles

Individualized Assessment and Treatment Program (IATP) for alcohol use disorder: Comparison with conventional cognitive-behavioral treatment and examination of coping skills as a mediator of treatment.

This study tested a highly individualized cognitive-behavioral coping skills treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recent studies have indicated that coping skills training programs are not always effective. A possible explanation is that the training provided in these programs may not address the specific needs of the patient. The Individualized Assessment and Treatment Program (IATP) was intended to provide a highly individualized approach to the training of skills most relevant for each individual. Men and women with AUD (N = 173) were randomly assigned to one of three, manualized, 12-session treatments: IATP, a conventional (Packaged) cognitive-behavioral program (PCBT), or a Case Management control condition (CaseM). An experience sampling (ES) procedure was employed prior to, and during, treatment to record alcohol use and coping behaviors in all patients. In IATP, this information was used by therapists to plan treatment that would address the specific strengths and weaknesses of each patient in alcohol-use situations. ES data were collected at multiple time points and patients were followed every 3 months out to 21 months posttreatment. Multilevel model analyses indicated that IATP yielded better drinking outcomes than the CaseM or PCBT conditions. Mediation analyses indicated that the effects of IATP versus the other treatments on outcomes were accounted for at least partly by changes in active coping with high-risk situations. Due to the limited diversity of the sample, generalizability of the results may be limited. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of tailoring treatment for the individual patient. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Exploring South African Indian men's understanding of depression.

Depression is reported as one of the most common mental disorders. Research on Indian men's understandings of depression is limited. The authors aimed to explore South African Indian men's understanding of depression in a community, and how this guides help-seeking behaviour. Community dwelling participants in Gauteng, South Africa. An exploratory qualitative design was employed and a purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven Indian adult men and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study yielded a total of six themes. These included understanding of depression, depression is taboo, diverging gender role expectations and depression, help-seeking behaviour, barriers to help-seeking, and mental health community support. The findings suggest a lack of understanding and awareness of depression among participants and discussions around mental illness being regarded as taboo. Gender roles and societal expectations were considered as one of the contributors to depression onset. Coping and help-seeking behaviour included adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms with professional psychological help being least prioritised. Self-stigmatisation and fear of discrimination were highlighted as barriers to help-seeking behaviours. This study contributed to the limited body of knowledge on understanding of depression among Indian men in South Africa and highlighted the importance of mental health awareness campaigns and professional help-seeking behaviour.

STRESS TOLERANCE OF PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT AGES IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR FINANCIAL LITERACY

The work is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “stress tolerance” in the context of personal financial literacy. An important aspect of this research is the study of age-related characteristics of people’s exposure to stress, hardiness, and constructive coping behaviour in situations of financial uncertainty. The results of the empirical study are presented and conclusions are drawn regarding the relationship between the level of financial literacy and stress tolerance of representatives of different age groups. The data presented in the article can form a basis for further research in this direction and substantiate the importance of developing financial literacy among people of different age categories.

Pain Resilience and Coping Behaviors in Individuals in a Collectivist Social Context.

Pain resilience (PR) may be associated with different coping skills, resulting in differences in pain outcomes. This study aimed to understand the role of PR in dictating the choice of coping methods. This study completed a preliminary validation of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Pain Resilience Scale (PRS-C) with online survey data (n = 46). Further, we conducted interviews with individuals with chronic low back pain (n = 24). The PRS-C psychometric properties were assessed using a confirmatory factor analysis. The interviews explored pain history, treatment experiences, and coping strategies and were analyzed thematically. The validated PRS-C (10 items) demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. The interview results showed that participants who scored lower were more likely to adopt disengagement rather than engagement coping strategies. Qualitative data revealed three themes explaining why and how participants in this collectivist social framework chose their coping methods. The findings suggest that while participants tried to understand their pain and treatment experiences, the cognitive appraisal construct in PR influenced some of the coping experiences. However, deeply influenced by Confucianism and Buddhism, participants also expressed factors beyond the scope of individual fortitudes, such as the relationship with a higher power that significantly influenced their coping behaviors.

Adverse Childhood Experiences, maladaptive coping behaviours and protective factors in undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: The purpose is to examine the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), protective factors, and select maladaptive coping behaviors in postsecondary students. Participants: Undergraduate students attending Dalhousie University. Methods: An online anonymous survey was conducted. Zero order one-tailed correlations were computed to measure relationships between ACEs, levels of maladaptive coping behaviors and protective factors. A structural equation mediation model examined direct and indirect pathways between measures. Results: 42.5% of respondents (n = 327) reported ≥3ACEs. Higher ACEs were associated with higher expression of maladaptive coping behaviors. Respondents with high ACEs and low levels of protective factors reported lower levels of hope and forgiveness and higher levels of stress and rumination. Conclusion: Higher levels of protective factors were associated with lower levels of maladaptive coping behaviors in students with high ACEs.

Traumatised youth harbour feelings of revenge: investigating the association between PTSD symptomatology, vengeance, and willingness to forgive among the Congolese adolescent refugees in Uganda

ABSTRACT Background: Prolonged conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have caused widespread psychological trauma among civilians leading to maladaptive coping strategies across generations. Despite this occurrence, empirical studies on the prevalence of trauma and its impact on attitudes towards revenge and forgiveness, particularly among the youth, are scarce. This study aims to clarify the relationship between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and the desires for forgiveness and revenge among Congolese adolescents residing in Uganda. Methods: We analysed data from 269 adolescent refugees from the DRC living in the Nakivale refugee settlement in Southwestern Uganda. The assessment included exposure to war-related traumatic events and the MINI-KID for DSM-V PTSD symptom severity. The Heartland Forgiveness and Vengeance Scales measured willingness to forgive and feelings of vengeance. Results: Exposure to war-related traumatic events was notably high in our sample, with severe deprivation of food (260 [97%]), exposure to armed combat (249 [93%]), witnessing bombing, burning, or destruction of houses (245 [91%]), disappearance of family members (239 [89%]), and seeing dead bodies (236 [88%]). PTSD symptom severity was negatively associated with willingness to forgive (b = −0.48; 95% CI −0.71–−0.25; p < .001) and positively associated with vengeance (b = 0.18; 95% CI 0.04–0.32; p = .011). Conclusion: PTSD symptom severity reduces the willingness to forgive and increases the desire for vengeance among adolescent refugees. Mental health clinicians and policymakers should consider addressing maladaptive coping behaviours related to feelings of revenge and unwillingness to forgive in their support strategies for refugees.

Educational Use of AI Chatbot Responses: Exploring Situational Relevance in Higher Education

ABSTRACTThis study investigates various types of situational relevance as assessed by students in the context of AI‐generated responses for educational purposes. Data were collected through interviews with four undergraduate students, and a qualitative research method was employed to analyze data. The findings reveal the specific roles of AI chatbots concerning students' tasks and types of situational relevance. The research highlights differences between system inefficiencies and students' coping behaviors in situational relevance types, providing implications for future research.

Coping strategies and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in early phase cancer clinical trial (EP-CT) participants.

245 Background: Individuals with cancer often rely on various coping strategies as they navigate their cancer course. Little is known about coping strategies among patients enrolled on EP-CTs or associations of these coping strategies with other PROs. Methods: We prospectively enrolled adults with cancer participating in EP-CTs at Massachusetts General Hospital from 4/2021-1/2023. Participants completed baseline surveys prior to EP-CT initiation that assessed coping strategies (Brief COPE), quality of life (QOL; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General), hope (Herth Hope Index), depression/anxiety symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), and financial wellbeing (COST tool). We used regression models to explore associations of coping strategies with patient characteristics and PROs (QOL, hope, depression/anxiety symptoms, financial wellbeing). Results: Among 205 participants (median age=63.3 [range: 31.8-88.6], 57% female), the most common cancer types were gastrointestinal (35%) and breast (20%). Patients in this cohort utilized the following coping strategies (range 0-6): acceptance (mean=4.81), emotional support (mean=4.63), active (mean=4.30), positive reframing (mean=3.13), religion (mean=2.77), self-blame (mean=.87), denial (mean=.59), and behavioral disengagement (mean=.36). Older age was associated with decreased use of self-blame coping (B=-0.02, p=.025). Female sex was associated with higher scores for denial (B=0.42, p=.009), emotional support (B=0.50, p=.037), positive reframing (B=0.57, p=.036), and religion (B=1.02, p=.001) coping compared with males. See table for associations of coping strategies with PROs (QOL, hope, depression/anxiety symptoms, financial wellbeing). Conclusions: In this cohort of EP-CT participants, we demonstrated that patients use multiple coping strategies and identified differences by age and sex. Notably, we found that some coping behaviors (acceptance, emotional support, positive reframing) were more favorably associated with QOL, hope, depression/anxiety symptoms, and financial wellbeing than others (denial, self-blame, behavioral disengagement). Interventions seeking to enhance PROs in this population should address patients’ use of coping strategies. Coping Strategy QOL Depression Anxiety Hope Financial Wellbeing Beta P Beta P Beta P Beta P Beta P Denial -2.81 .001 0.27 &lt;.001 0.39 &lt;.001 -1.26 &lt;.001 -0.96 .100 Active 0.51 .428 -0.06 .315 0.01 .874 0.98 &lt;.001 0.84 .065 Acceptance 3.13 &lt;.001 -0.15 .013 -0.22 .004 1.31 &lt;.001 1.40 .003 Self-Blame -5.30 &lt;.001 0.44 &lt;.001 0.56 &lt;.001 -1.35 &lt;.001 -2.94 &lt;.001 Emotional Support 1.34 .023 -0.12 .014 0.004 .945 1.03 &lt;.001 0.39 .328 Positive Reframing 1.19 .027 -0.11 .020 -0.08 .184 1.12 &lt;.001 0.13 .715 Behavioral Disengagement -5.99 &lt;.001 0.62 &lt;.001 0.52 &lt;.001 -2.66 &lt;.001 -1.38 .112 Religion 0.57 .195 -0.04 .307 -0.01 .812 0.62 &lt;.001 -0.31 .309

Coping With Side Effects: A Daily Diary Study in Women With Breast Cancer Living With Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy.

Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) is increasingly being prescribed for up to 10years to people diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. AET intake is often accompanied by side effects that significantly impact the well-being of people. The way individuals cope with medication-related side effects might play a pivotal role in their emotional adaption. This intensive-longitudinal study investigated the association between self-reported coping strategies (Brief COPE) and psychological well-being (Patient Health Questionnaire-4) among women undergoing AET. A multilevel factor analysis resulted in the identification of four coping factors, namely, problem-focused, support-focused, meaning-focused, and avoidance-focused coping. Daily coping efforts and experienced side effects were analyzed as predictors of psychological well-being using multilevel modeling. A total of 215 women (Mage=56.5±10.9years) participated, resulting in a total of n=2080 daily surveys (M=9.67±1.08). On average, women reported 3.7±2.2 different side effects per day. Days characterized by an elevated frequency of side effects and increased burden were associated with diminished well-being. Using more problem- and meaning-focused strategies than usual to cope with side effects correlated positively with well-being. Conversely, employing more support- and avoidance-focused coping strategies than usual was linked to reduced psychological well-being. Exploratory analyses focusing on individual coping strategies provided nuanced insights into coping behaviors. The present findings underscore the relationship between women's coping efforts concerning medication-related side effects during AET and their daily well-being. Psychosocial education (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) may offer valuable benefits for patients by helping them develop adaptive coping strategies to manage side effects.

THE IMPORTANCE OF COPING BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS' LIVES

This article explores the significance of coping behaviors among adolescents. The adolescent stage encompasses significant changes and challenges in human life, making stress management and problem-solving strategies essential. The article discusses the various types of coping behaviors, their impact on adolescents' emotional well-being, and the development of effective coping strategies. Research findings are crucial for designing psychological support programs and enhancing adolescents' ability to cope with stress. ‎

Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in association with trauma-focused psychotherapy efficacy

Early life adversities (ELA) have been linked to a greater risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the link between ELA and MDD and/or TRD are yet unknown. It has been suggested that ELA induces an allostatic burden, which in turn promotes oxidative stress and an inflammatory response that are further intensified by the influence of maladaptive coping behaviour. In this study we explored the role of two markers of cellular aging and oxidative stress (telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number mtDNAcn) in TRD and in response to trauma-focused psychotherapies. The study comprised 30 TRD patients receiving trauma-focused psychotherapies and 65 healthy controls. TL and mtDNAcn were measured at baseline and four weeks after the end of the psychotherapy sessions. Response was defined based on reduction in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). In the case control analysis, the logistic regression model showed that mtDNAcn but not TLT was a significant predictor of diagnosis (chi-square 92.108, p=7.72e-20; contribution of mtDNAcn, B=-9-297, p=0.00009, Table 2). In the TRD sample, LTL and mtDNAcn were inversely correlated with MADRS score at baseline (TL, Pearson’s r=-0.478, p=0.008; mtDNAcn, Pearson’s r=-0.656, p=0.00008), but there was no difference in either TL or mtDNAcn between responders and non-responders. In conclusion, our findings support an involvement of cellular aging in TRD, and suggest that TLA and mtDNAcn are not predictors or mediators of response to trauma-focused psychotherapies.

Baseline characteristics of parents enrolled in ACCL20N1CD: Financial distress during treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the US.

220 Background: Personal costs of childhood cancer can contribute to disparities in health outcomes. The purpose of ACCL20N1CD is to examine trajectories of parental costs and the associated financial distress, cost coping behaviors, and household material hardships (HMH) during treatment for pediatric ALL. Objective is to report baseline characteristics of the parents and their households. Methods: The study used a prospective cohort design with repeated measures. Setting was Children’s Oncology Group (COG) practices at National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) institutions. Parents who use English or Spanish, and have children newly diagnosed with ALL treated at COG NCORP practices were eligible. Parents were asked to complete surveys at 3 time points, including baseline (T1; during induction and &lt;7 days after planned induction remission evaluation). Surveys included items about (a) parent socio‐economic status, financial distress measured by 8-item Personal Wellness Scale (PFWS), and cost coping behaviors, and (b) HMH. Factors related to high PFWS scores were evaluated by logistic regression. Results: Of 104 evaluable parents, most were female (83.7%), white (65.4%), non-Hispanic (48.1%), partnered (79.8%), &gt; high school diploma (93.3%), used English (84.6%), worked full (48.1%) or part (5.8%) time, and paid for their child’s care with public insurance (57.7%). Median household income=$50,000 (Inter-Quartile Range/IQR 20,000-100,000) for 4 (IQR 4-5) people. Not including wages lost due to caregiving, out of pocket payments for medical care + other ALL-related costs in the prior month &gt;15% of monthly income for 51.9% of households, which is considered financially catastrophic. 24.0% of households lacked food stability; 21% had housing insecurity. Conclusions: At baseline, sizeable proportions of parents exhibit high out of pocket costs, high financial distress level, and multiple cost coping behaviors with implications for future health and individual and household quality of life.

Young Adults’ Perceptions of Adverse Childhood Experiences as Context and Causes of Mental Health Conditions: Observations from the United States

BackgroundThe relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health later in life has been well-established. However, first-person qualitative narratives describing how ACEs negatively impact mental health of young adults are rare. ObjectiveQualitative data explores how young adults with serious mental health conditions (SMHC) describe childhood adversities and relate those experiences to their mental health conditions. Participants and SettingYoung adult participants (n=55; ages 25-30) who self-reported being diagnosed with an SMHC were recruited from one state in United States. In-person interviews were conducted to gather narratives related to mental health, education, training, and employment. MethodsYoung adults with lived experience actively participated in the research process. Iterative coding and thematic analysis were employed to assess ACEs reported and analyze how participants described those experiences as influential. ResultsMost participants identified as White, non-Hispanic women. Major depression and anxiety disorders were the most prevalent diagnoses. Over 80% reported experiencing trauma, familial mental illness, or substance use challenges. Young adults connected their ACEs to fear and anxiety, emotional processing difficulties, poor coping behaviors, delayed help-seeking, and later negative interpersonal relationships. ConclusionsThis study is the first to qualitatively describe how young adults with SMHC describe ACEs and relate those experiences to their own mental health conditions. Future research should seek similar first-hand accounts in vulnerable populations and consider the unique impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings and future research can inform policy, practice, and mental health treatment for young adults who have experienced ACEs, especially in the post-pandemic era.

Pre-operative environmental enrichment does not yield a prophylactic effect against traumatic brain injury-induced neurobehavioral deficits

The robustness of environmental enrichment (EE) in ameliorating neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unequivocal. What is equivocal is whether EE can function as a prophylactic to afford resiliency and neuroprotection against TBI. We hypothesized that pre-operative EE would yield a protective effect against TBI-induced motor, cognitive, and coping deficits, and that further improvements would be conferred when EE is provided before and after TBI. To test the hypotheses, adult male rats received either 4 weeks of EE or standard (STD) housing prior to undergoing a controlled cortical impact of moderate severity (2.8 mm deformation at 4 m/s) or sham injury while under anesthesia. After injury, the rats were randomly assigned to post-operative EE or STD housing. Motor ability, spatial learning, and memory retention were assessed by beam-walk and water maze tests, respectively. Active and passive behavioral coping strategies were evaluated with the shock probe defensive burying (SPDB) test. c-Fos and cortical lesion volume were also quantified. The post-TBI enrichment groups (EE + TBI + EE and STD + TBI + EE) did not differ (p > 0.05) and performed better than the post-TBI STD-housed groups (EE + TBI + STD and STD + TBI + STD) on motor and cognition (p < 0.05). The post-TBI STD groups did not differ, regardless of whether in EE or STD living conditions before injury (p > 0.05). Moreover, both post-TBI enrichment groups performed better in the SPDB test relative to the STD + TBI + STD group (p < 0.05). c-Fos + cells were upregulated in the ipsilateral CA1 in both pre-injury EE groups relative to the pre-injury STD groups (p < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in cortical lesion volume among the groups. Overall, these data do not support the hypothesis as no neuroprotective effect was observed with 4 weeks of pre-operative EE and no additional benefit was achieved in the TBI group receiving both pre-and-post EE relative to the TBI group receiving only post-EE. However, the data do reinforce the consistency of post-TBI EE in producing robust neurobehavioral benefits, which further supports this paradigm as a relevant preclinical model of neurorehabilitation.

교사의 소진 경험 및 지원 요구에 관한 CQR-M 연구

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing burnout experienced by teachers, understand their coping behaviors for overcoming burnout, and determine the support they need for burnout prevention and recovery. Methods: A total of 340 teachers from elementary, middle, and high schools in Chungcheongnam Province responded to open-ended questions online. Data were analyzed using the Modified Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR-M) method. Results: Factors influencing teacher burnout were grouped into seven categories. These categories include 'severity of student problem behavior, crises, and guidance challenges (25.8%)', 'complaints and infringement on teachers' rights by students and parents (19.3%)', 'unfair task assignments and workload (15.4%)', 'conflicts with parents and their negative attitudes (14.0%)', and 'lack of social support and cooperation within the school (14.0%)'. Coping strategies for overcoming burnout were grouped into nine categories, including 'seeking social support and cooperation (24.7%)', 'engaging in self-care activities (24.0%)', 'waiting or leaving it alone (14.0%)', and 'participating in counseling, therapy, or training (9.7%)'. Teachers’ needs for support for preventing and overcoming burnout were analyzed into eight categories, including 'restoration and enhancement of teachers' rights (24.2%)', 'improvement of the work environment to focus on teaching (20.5%)', 'support for counseling, therapy, and training (14.1%)', 'support for student guidance (10.9%)', and 'support for rest (10.1%)'. Conclusion: These findings provide insights into teachers' experiences of burnout and offer implications for preventing and alleviating teacher burnout.

The Role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in the Regulation of Fear Coping Strategies.

Under threats, individuals exhibit freezing behavior and prepare for active coping. The ability to flexibly shift between freezing and active coping increases survival chances in animals and decreases susceptibility to mental disorders among human beings. For example, patients with psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, often show maladaptive coping behaviors. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a critical hub to process higher cognitive functions, sensory inputs, reward learning, and decision-making. It also regulates negative emotions and its aberrant activation level often correlates with numerous mental disorders. The rodent OFC comprises different subdivisions with varying connections to cortical and subcortical regions. Among these subdivisions, the medial orbital area (MO) and the lateral orbital area (LO) have distinct functions in the regulation of fear. Here, we updated the existing rodent literature studying the function of the OFC, with a particular focus on the MO and the LO in different coping strategies of animals. By examining the role of the OFC in the mediation of defensive coping strategies, we aim to deepen the understanding of its functional importance on mental health.

Potential promises and perils of artificial intelligence in psychotherapy -The AI Psychotherapist (APT).

Since the release of ChatGPT, popular demand has driven the use of social chatbots as pseudo-AI psychotherapists. With time, it is inevitable that these technologies will be deployed in some form as dedicated psychotherapy interventions. Here, we attempt to forecast the implications for psychotherapy including the unique benefits to distributive justice as well as concerns for the quality of the therapy and its societal impact. An AI psychotherapist (APT) has the potential to provide engaging clinical interactions given its capacity for highly realistic interaction as well as its high level cognitive and emotional capabilities. Moreover, it can potentially address financial and workforce limitations on access to therapy. However, an APT may cause significant iatrogenic harm if released without adequate quality control and oversight by trained psychotherapists. If not appropriately designed and regulated, APTs have potential to mislead and reinforce maladaptive coping behaviours. Given societal drivers and possible benefits, these technologies will inevitably be deployed; thus, it is incumbent upon us as a professional body to consider their regulation.

Bringing employee learning to AI stress research: A moderated mediation model

While a substantial portion of the literature characterizes artificial intelligence (AI) stress as a hindrance, our focus diverges by probing employee learning as an active response to this challenge. We highlight the role of employee knowledge and skills development amidst an enterprise's digital transformation. Drawing on the active learning perspective of the Job Demand-Control model, we investigate why and when AI stress promotes employee learning and subsequent adaptive coping behaviors. We propose that AI stress can create opportunities and resources for employee learning, leading to improved job performance and supportive behavior for digital transformation. Additionally, we examine how employee trust in AI moderates these relationships, finding that higher levels of AI trust are associated with greater use of active learning strategies when faced with AI stress. Our findings, based on a two-wave survey of 224 employees from a motor-vehicle testing company in China, are further supported by post-hoc interview data collected from 32 employees of the same company. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of AI adoption, digital transformation, and stress learning.

An intervention to determine the effectiveness of the Sanubari optimal health program (OHP) in improving mental well-being among junior doctors in Malaysia: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundMental health problems among junior doctors in Malaysia pose a significant concern, as they not only adversely affect their overall well-being but also impact the quality of health services they provide. Therefore, it is important to implement interventions aimed at preserving their mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sanubari Optimal Health Program (OHP) intervention in enhancing the mental well-being of junior doctors in Malaysia.MethodsThe study utilised a quasi-experimental design involving 204 junior doctors who participated in the intervention. The Sanubari OHP Intervention Package was employed alongside self-administered questionnaires for mental health and well-being assessment. To evaluate the effects over time, repeated measures ANOVA was employed to analyse within-group and between-group changes in various endpoints, as measured at different assessment time points.ResultsThe study revealed that self-efficacy and adaptive coping behaviours scores increased over time among the intervention group and decreased among the control group. Yet, depression and anxiety scores decreased significantly over time among the intervention group but not in the control group. No significant differences were observed in well-being and maladaptive coping strategies among the groups.ConclusionsThis study showed promising results regarding the effectiveness of Sanubari OHP in improving mental well-being among junior doctors.

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescents based on Coping Behaviour - Statistical Perspective

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescents based on Coping Behaviour - Statistical Perspective