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Cosplay, Academia, and Me—Some Thoughts, and a Note on the Future

Cosplay, Academia, and Me—Some Thoughts, and a Note on the Future

Access to information research in the digital era

Access to information research in the digital era

Peculiarities of opening legal proceedings in civil proceedings on Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire (II half of XVIII – I half of XIX centuries)

The article examines the peculiarities of opening proceedings in a lawsuit based on the analysis of the legislation of the Muscovite Kingdom and the Russian Empire, starting from the 2nd century. 18th and 1st centuries XIX century In fact, we are talking about the pre-reform period of procedural legislation, which existed before the introduction of the Statute on Civil Procedure in 1864.
 The author examines the peculiarity of establishing the right to sue and notes that the legislation of that time revealed it from a feudal standpoint, as it gave some strata of the population the opportunity to exercise it freely, while others did not. Thus, serfs (private peasants) in one case did not have the right to sue (in particular, they could not file a lawsuit against their master), in another - they did, but could not exercise it themselves (serfs' disputes with other estates were resolved on their behalf by their landlords), and in the third - had full right to it (disputes among themselves).
 The types of civil proceedings in disputed cases, which at that time were divided into patrimonial and civil proceedings, are studied. In the first case, the court considered a lawsuit, and in the second - a lawsuit. However, both the lawsuit and the lawsuit were filed with the court in the form of a request ("proshenie"). The form, types and details of this request are analyzed. The claimant's demands are written in paragraphs, in which they are argued by facts, and the latter are supported by evidence. The existence of both general and special norms that regulate this issue is noted (special norms determine it for certain categories of patrimonial or legal cases).
 An analysis of the procedure for submitting requests to the court is carried out, where attention is drawn to the need to comply with the rules of jurisdiction, to submit copies of requests to the number of defendants in the case and evidence that confirms the validity of the plaintiff's claims. The plaintiff also had to pay the customs duty, and in some categories of civil cases, advanced legal costs related to the publication of newspaper ads. It is indicated that the opening of proceedings in a civil case ended with a court resolution or the return of a request with an indication of the reasons for this. The author concludes that it is at this time that the stage of opening proceedings in the case begins to take shape as an independent stage of the civil process.

Patients, clinicians and open notes: information blocking as a case of epistemic injustice

In many countries, including patients are legally entitled to request copies of their clinical notes. However, this process remains time-consuming and burdensome, and it remains unclear how much of the...

Assisted Living Administrators’ Approaches to Advance Care Planning

Assisted living (AL) communities are increasingly home to frail, chronically ill older adults who remain until death. State laws mandate that AL facilities request copies of any advance care planning documents residents have and make forms available upon request. Using secondary data from a larger study funded by the National Institute on Aging (R01AG047408) that focuses on end-of-life (EOL) care in AL, this project investigated barriers and facilitators to conducting advance care planning in AL. Data included in-depth interviews (of 86 minute average length) with 20 administrators from 7 facilities around the Atlanta metropolitan area and aggregate data collected from each facility regarding facility, staff, and resident characteristics. Findings from thematic analysis of qualitative data showed that key barriers to planning in AL included lack of staff training and reluctance among administrators and families to discuss advance care planning and EOL care. Important facilitators included periodic follow-up discussions of residents’ wishes, often during care plan meetings, educating families about the importance of planning, and external support for staff training and family education from agencies such as hospice and home health. Three study facilities exceeded state requirements to request and store documents by systematically encouraging residents to complete documentation. These facilities, whose administrators discuss advance care planning and residents’ EOL wishes with residents and families during regular care plan meetings, were more likely to have planning documents on file, demonstrating the potential of long-term care communities, such as AL, to successfully promote advance care planning among residents and their family members.

The past shall not begin: Frozen seeds, extended presents and the politics of reversibility

The article analyzes the Svalbard Global Seed Vault (SGSV) as a specific security technology created to deal with the ecological threat of biodiversity loss. Built in 2008 inside the Arctic Circle, the SGSV serves as a backup for 1,700 agricultural gene banks around the world. If seed collections are lost due to natural disasters or human error, the gene banks can request copies of their varieties from Svalbard and restore their collections to continue the endeavour of plant breeding. The article focuses on the particular temporal politics expressed in the SGSV. Drawing on Niklas Luhmann’s reflections on time, it is argued that the SGSV opens up the possibility of reversing events by expanding the duration of the present. By separating seeds from their ecological connections on the one hand and controlling their metabolic processes through the use of cold on the other, an enduring temporal zone is created that allows modern society to control the unpredictable and irreversible dynamics of life and undo its emergent effects. The SGSV therefore materializes what is herein called the politics of reversibility.

Routine Histopathological Analysis of the Products of Conception: Is there a Value?

Background:Spontaneous miscarriage is one of the two most common problems encountered in the first trimester of pregnancy. The value of histopathological analysis of products of conception (POC) obtained as a result is a source of controversy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathological characteristics of suspected POC following the first-trimester miscarriage and determine the clinical value of such histopathological analyses.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective study of the histopathological analysis of POC over a period from January 1st to December 31st of 2016 carried out in the histopathology laboratory of a university teaching hospital. Materials for the study were POC obtained following spontaneous first trimester miscarriage and received in our laboratory. Relevant information about the patients was retrieved from the laboratory database and matched with laboratory request forms and copies of histopathology reports archived in the laboratory. Obtained data were analyzed by simple statistical methods.Results:The most common clinical diagnosis on admission was incomplete abortion (n = 52; 48.6%), followed by complete abortion (n = 31; 29.0%); the lowest was blighted ovum (n = 1; 0.9%). The predominant histopathological type was normal POC which constituted 73 cases (68.2%). Other histopathological diagnoses include hydatidiform mole (9, 8.4%) and no evidence of conception (15, 14%). Clinical and ultrasound evaluation missed 2 (22.2%) of the 9 histopathologically diagnosed hydatidiform moles.Conclusion:Histopathological analysis of POC helps to diagnose molar pregnancies and other conditions which can be missed by clinical and ultrasound evaluation. Therefore, routine histopathological analysis of POC is advocated.

Off-Label Use of Gabapentinoids: A New Paradigm

Off-Label Use of Gabapentinoids: A New Paradigm

Redundant service in group of single-channel systems with different priorities assigned to request copies

Redundant service in group of single-channel systems with different priorities assigned to request copies

Organization of simulation experiments in the design of distributed computer systems with redundant data transmission

Subject of Research.We study the ways of multipath distribution of copies of requests (packets) through the network and their redundant servicing by servers of a given cluster. The alternatives under consideration differ in the way of path selection for a packet in the network having routes with joint switching nodes (static or dynamic) and in the condition under which those copies exit early from the system as a result of their losses in the communication channels, the emergence of bit errors, the overflow of transmitting and receiving buffers of the network and computing equipment, or the combination of these reasons. Method. We consider the efficiency of redundant transmissions, defined as the probability of faultless and timely delivery of at least one redundant copy to the cluster and dependent on the intensity of the flow of incoming requests. Based on the alternatives described, a set of simulation models with parameters representing the requirements for the system under simulation is created with AnyLogic 7 simulation environment. The results of simulation experiments are being written to the Microsoft SQL Server 2008 database, undergo transformations, and then are exported into the application program developed in this study. Main Results. Organization of simulation experiments involving accumulating and processing of their results with the tools of the chosen database management system is proposed. After being handled, those results are used to form the basis for analysis of the obtained dependencies with third-party software applications, such as Microsoft Excel or the one implemented in this work, to determine the scope of efficiency of redundant transmissions and to automate the search for the optimal order of redundancy. The simulation results that confirm the efficiency of multipath distribution of copies of requests are presented. Practical Relevance.The proposed models and tools enable one to justify the choice and optimize project solutions to the problem of improving functional reliability of distributed computer systems with redundant transmission and servicing of requests.

Multi-step service of requests critical to queueing delays in multi-tier systems

Subject of Research.The paper deals with effectiveness analysis of redundant service of requests time-critical to total gradual waiting in the queues of multi-tier clustering nodes. We search for design solutions on the organization of multi-stage redundant service of copies of requests in multi-tier cluster that makes it possible to increase the probability of timely servicing of requests critical to the total waiting time for all system levels (stages of maintenance). Method. We modeled the multi-stage redundant service of copies of requests in multi-tier cluster. The redundancy effectiveness is estimated by the probability of not exceeding the total phased waiting time in queues of nodes for all levels specified for the maximum allowable time. We selected the best options for the organization of redundant requests; the request is considered successful if at least for one accurately executed copy, total waiting time of the stages in the queues of the nodes at all levels of the cluster does not exceed the maximum allowable waiting value. Main Results. The experiments based on calculations carried out with the use of the proposed models on the three-tier cluster example gave the possibility to elucidate the dependence of probability of not exceeding the allowable total request time on the intensity of requests, the multiplicity of redundancy and the maximum allowable cumulative waiting time of requests in the queues of the nodes at all cluster levels. We have shown the existence of efficient redundant service of requests in multi-tier clusters, and the optimal multiplicity of redundancy of request copies depending on the system load and constraints on the allowable total time of staged waiting in the queues of the nodes in the clusters at all levels. Practical Relevance. The proposed models can be used to assess the reliability and timeliness of the service processes that are critical to request waiting time, as well as in the justification of selection of disciplines and service parameters in multi-tier computer systems, including real-time ones.

Improving Global Access to State of the Art Practice Information

In developing countries, medical students and residents commonly use textbooks to acquire fundamental medical knowledge. However, textbooks are not a good resource for remaining up to date on the latest developments in their specialties once they begin to practice. These advancements are typically presented at meetings and published in journals. Attending meetings is prohibitively expensive. Unfortunately, so is accessing journal articles. The practice of up-to-date medicine in developing countries is difficult because of the lack of access to contemporary scientific literature. Access fees for each article published in restricted-access and paid-access journals range from $30 to $40, regardless of where a clinician practices. Individual subscriptions to closed-access journals are even more expensive. Because library subscriptions are still more costly, even medical institutions in low-income countries often cannot afford to pay the price (56% of medical institutions in low-income countries have no closed-access journal subscriptions) [1]. As a result, the only alternatives available to practicing physicians wishing to stay abreast of advances in their field are to read just the abstracts, to request copies of articles from their corresponding authors, or to read handouts offered by medical industry representatives [2].

Efficiency of redundant query execution in multi-channel service system

Subject of Research. The paper deals with analysis of the effectiveness of redundant queries based on untrusted computing in computer systems, represented by multi-channel queuing systems with a common queue. The objective of research is the possibility of increasing the efficiency of service requests while performing redundant copies of requests in different devices of a multi-channel system under conditions of calculations unreliability. The redundant service of requests requires the infallibility of its implementation at least in one of the devices. Method. We have considered estimation of the average time spent in the system with and without the use of redundant requests at the presentation of a simple queuing model of the M / M / n type to analyze the effectiveness of redundant service of requests. Presented evaluation of the average waiting time in the redundant queries is the upper one, since it ignores the possibility of reducing the average waiting time as a result of the spread of the probability of time querying at different devices. The integrated efficiency of redundant service of requests is defined based on the multiplicative index that takes into account the infallibility of calculations and the average time allowance with respect to the maximum tolerated delay of service. Evaluation of error-free computing at reserved queries is received at the requirement of faultless execution of at least one copy of the request. Main Results. We have shown that the reservation of requests gives the gain in efficiency of the system at low demand rate (load). We have defined the boundaries of expediency (efficiency) for redundant service of requests. We have shown the possibility of the effectiveness increasing of the adaptive changes in the multiplicity of the reservation of requests, depending on the intensity of the flow of requests. We have found out that the choice of service discipline in information service systems is largely determined by the economic efficiency of information services, estimated by the profit from the error-free provision of information services obtained per time unit (rate of profit). We have demonstrated the existence of an efficiency area of information services at the redundant service of requests under failures and errors. We have determined the flow rate threshold of requests below which a redundant service of requests is appropriate. Practical Relevance The results presented in the paper can be used in the computer systems design including the systems providing information services.

Functional reliability of a real-time redundant computational process in cluster architecture systems

Functional reliability models are proposed for a real-time redundant computational process when an incoming request flow is distributed for redundant execution of request copies in several nodes of a cluster architecture system operating under conditions of faults, failures, and errors in nodes; in this case, the reliability, integrity, and timeliness of executing functional requests must be ensured. The effect of the organization and redundancy rate of computations on their timeliness and reliability, as well as on the average request waiting time, is analyzed taking into account faults, failures, and errors in cluster nodes.

Patient and Public Involvement in Social Pharmacy Research

Contemporary approaches to patient and public involvement (PPI) in research means carrying out studies ‘with’ or ‘by’ members of the public (including patients, potential patients and carers) rather than ‘to’, ‘about’ or ‘for’ them. Such involvement is central to much health research policy. For example, the National Institute for Health Research in the UK and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute in the USA require meaningful PPI in applications to their funding programmes. PPI could bring into the research process, for example, the expertise of people living with a chronic disease for many years or the voices of taxpayers as the new treatments to be investigated by a national health service. It can mean involving members of the public in priority-setting, helping with aspects of study design such as recruitment or in the dissemination of research findings to public audiences. However, it is challenging for researchers who have never organised PPI to see how they can involve nonresearchers in their studies in such a way that it is meaningful for both parties and not merely “lip service” to the concept. Aims of the workshop: This workshop aims to introduce participants to the conduct of PPI in social pharmacy research and co-develop ways to employ PPI during the initial design of the study, throughout its conduct and in its dissemination to a range of audiences. It will do this by presentations from the workshop facilitators and by learning from the experiences of the workshop participants. Learning Objectives: After attending the workshop, participants should be able to: 1. Describe key areas where PPI is feasible in social pharmacy research and how it might be the best approach to certain study phenomena. 2Describe potential ways of organising meaningful PPI in their own research area. 3. Discuss ways in which problems and dilemmas might be addressed. 4. Begin planning PPI for the design, conduct and/or dissemination of their next social pharmacy research study or grant. Description of Workshop Activities: In keeping with the ethos of PPI, this session will be highly interactive, involving workshop participants as “the public” who have a stake in this research, and using vignettes of research ideas for discussion. Introductions and ice-breaker on what experience the group members have had with PPI in their research, formally or informally (other than as research subjects). (10minutes). Patient and public involvement in health services and social pharmacy research (presentation by workshop leaders) (15 minutes). 25 minutes Group work to identify some of the potential ways in which researchers can employ PPI in the design of research (10 minutes). 35 minutes Feedback from working groups (15 minutes). 50 minutes Group work to identify some of the potential ways in which researchers can employ PPI in the conduct and dissemination of research (15 minutes). 65 minutes Feedback from working groups (15 minutes). 80 minutes -General discussion and summarising (10 minutes). 90 minutes -Close of session. Participants may request copies of the group outputs after the conference.

Misrepresentation by Ophthalmology Residency Applicants

To determine the percentage of publication misrepresentation among applicants to an ophthalmology residency, to compare that percentage with published percentages from other specialties, and to compare the number of US-trained applicants vs non-US-trained applicants found to misrepresent published articles. Published articles in peer-reviewed journals listed on residency applications to the Jones Eye Institute from October 10, 2000, to December 1, 2004, were searched, excluding applications that were unavailable or were from current residents and faculty. The type of misrepresentation of published articles and the country of medical school training were recorded. Compared were US-trained applicants vs non-US-trained applicants to determine which group was more likely to list published articles and which group was more likely to have a misrepresented published article. Eight hundred twenty-one of 852 applications (96.4%) were reviewed. Five hundred fifty applicants (67.0%) were from US medical schools, and 271 applicants (33.0%) were from non-US medical schools. Two hundred one applicants (24.5%) listed peer-reviewed published articles. Misrepresentation of published articles was found in 15 applicants (5 US trained and 10 non-US trained). The mean percentage of applicants with misrepresentation per applicant pool was 1.9%, while the mean percentage per applicants listing published articles was 8.1%. The most common misrepresentation found was self-promotion on the author list (50.0%), followed by omission of other authors (25.0%), nonexistent articles (12.5%), and nonauthorship (12.5%). Foreign medical graduates were more likely to list published articles (P = .008) and to have a misrepresented published article (P = .01). Ophthalmology has one of the lowest reported percentages of applicant publication misrepresentation in the literature. Foreign medical graduates were more likely to list published articles and to misrepresent published articles. Self-promotion on the author list was the most common type of misrepresentation found. Residency program directors should request copies of published articles from interviewing applicants.

Websites of note

Websites of note

Rush to judgment: the lynching of Arthur Andersen & Co.

Since the bankruptcy of Enron, many concluded—before sufficient facts were available to form a reasoned judgment—that Andersen was responsible for the debacle. As the facts have been uncovered, it is clear that the destruction of Andersen, the censure of the public accounting profession and the host of new regulations regarding CPAs are all based on a theory unsupported by facts. This study explores the publicly available evidence regarding Enron and Andersen, as well as the actions of politicians and financial institutions. The facts show that Enron officers committed fraud within off-balance sheet partnerships (SPEs) with the willing assistance of various prominent financial institutions. Neither the SPEs nor the financial institutions were audit clients of Andersen. Further, the SEC granted Enron a special exemption to investor protection laws, thus allowing Enron to set up the SPEs and setting the stage for the fraud. The Department of Justice rushed to indict Andersen for obstruction of justice. The evidence shows that Andersen personnel destroyed duplicate copies of old memos, old magazines and requests for charitable contributions and these were destroyed before the SEC had issued any subpoena to Andersen or even discussed the possibility of such a subpoena with Andersen. In contrast, the Department of Justice gave misleading testimony, engaged in leaks, allegedly threatened witnesses and admitted in Court that it had failed to review the most crucial evidence, Andersen’s audit workpapers.

Publication of U.S. patents.

Tissue EngineeringVol. 7, No. 4 Patent IssuePublication of U.S. PatentsRivka D. Monheit and Patrea L. PabstRivka D. MonheitSearch for more papers by this author and Patrea L. PabstSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:9 Jul 2004https://doi.org/10.1089/10763270152436526AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail "Publication of U.S. Patents." , 7(4), pp. 481–482FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 7Issue 4Aug 2001 To cite this article:Rivka D. Monheit and Patrea L. Pabst.Publication of U.S. Patents.Tissue Engineering.Aug 2001.481-482.http://doi.org/10.1089/10763270152436526Published in Volume: 7 Issue 4: July 9, 2004PDF download

Group-oriented coordination models for distributed client-server computing

This paper describes group-oriented control models for distributed client-server interactions. These models transparently coordinate requests for services that involve multiple servers, such as queries across distributed data-bases. Specific capabilities inclulde decomposing and replicating client requets; dispatching request subtasks or copies to independent, networked servers; and combining server results into a single response for the client. The control models were implemented by combining request broker and process group technologies with an object-oriented communication middleware tool. The models are illustrated in the context of a distributed operations support application for space-based systems.