Security Coordination Research Articles

Analisa Self-Efficacy dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Capaian Pendapatan Harian Porter Stasiun Kutoarjo

In the last two years, the surge in job seekers in Indonesia has increased, where job opportunities are difficult, so productive people choose jobs that can easily obtained, one of which is as a porter or porter. This research aims to analyze the porter workers at Kutoarjo Besar Station for their ability to manage emotions and thoughts regarding their work as porters with discipline in carrying out freelance work at the station. Using descriptive qualitative methods and snowballing sampling technique with observation and in-depth interviews with 4 source person from 26 porters who considered to represent all the porters at the station were taken by the station security coordinator, senior and junior porters. Data analysis was carried out before entering the field, while in the field and after finishing in the field. Data validity is carried out starting from reduction, data presentation to drawing conclusions. The results show that the freelance porters at the Besar Kutoarjo station are aware of the profession they are in so that their self-management skills are maintained, with work discipline they can still exist working at the station and the income they receive must be happy and sincere.

The Strategy of the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency in Conducting Maritime Security Patrols

Historically, the Djuanda Declaration has been a significant achievement in Indonesia's maritime diplomacy, securing the territorial waters and sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The Geneva Conventions and participation in the International Maritime Organization require a country to ensure safety and security within its waters, a task assigned to the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla RI), which evolved from the Indonesian Maritime Security Coordination Agency (Bakorkamla) as Indonesia's Coast Guard. The complex security threats and the vast maritime territory of Indonesia present significant challenges. A maritime security strategy is expected to minimize and address these issues. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method. The results indicate that many cases occurred in 2023 based on official reports from the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency. According to the strategy theory of means, ways, and ends, two conclusions can be drawn regarding internal institutional strengthening: First, improving the understanding and application of Indonesia's maritime geopolitics. Second, reorganizing maritime security and law enforcement agencies based on Pancasila values. Furthermore, collaboration among cooperating parties can yield three levels of communication. For external institutional strengthening, maritime diplomacy can be pursued to maintain cooperative relationships and training with international Coast Guards.

The role of the digital economy on the coordinated development of green agriculture and food security: evidence from China

Promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and food security is important for global sustainable development, and digital economy is a potential path to realizing this goal. Using panel data of 30 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) in China from 2014 to 2021, this study applies the entropy weight method and the coupling coordination degree model to measure the development of the digital economy and the coordination of green agriculture and food security. Moreover, the study constructs fixed-effects and spatial spillover effect models to determine the effect of the digital economy on the coordination of green agriculture and food security. We find a positive development trend between digital economy and coordination development in China, with no evident polarization phenomenon. The digital economy can effectively promote the coordinated development of green agriculture and food security, and has positive spatial spillover effects. Our findings expand the research related to the digital economy, and contribute to the promotion of sustainable agricultural development and food security.

Research on the Coupling and Coordination of Land Ecological Security and High-Quality Agricultural Development in the Han River Basin

This study aims to investigate the coupling and harmonization between land ecological security (LES) and high-quality agricultural development (HAD) in the Han River Basin (HRB), China, with the objective of promoting harmonious coexistence between agriculture and ecosystems. Using 17 cities in the HRB as the research objects, an evaluation index system of two systems, LES and HAD, was constructed, analyzed, and evaluated via projective tracer modeling for multiple intelligent genetic algorithms (MIGA-PTM). The degree of coupling coordination (DCC) was used to quantitatively evaluate the coupling coordination development status of the two systems, the obstacle model (OM) was used to identify the main influencing factors, and the gray predictive model first-order univariate model (GM (1, 1)) was used to predict the DCC of the LES and HAD from 2025 to 2040. The results show the following: (1) the LES and HAD levels of the 17 cities in the HRB tended to increase during the study period, and there was a large gap between cities; (2) the spatial distributions of the DCCs of the LES and HAD in the HRB were uneven, with high values in the southern and low values in the central and northern parts, and the overall degree of coupling tended to fluctuate. The overall DCC showed a fluctuating upward trend; (3) the degree of obstacles, per capita water resources, greening coverage, and rate of return on financial expenditure are the main influencing factors; and (4) the prediction results of GM (1, 1) indicate that the LES and HAD of the HRB will be close to reaching the intermediate stage of coupling in 2035. This research offers critical insights into sustainable development practices that facilitate the alignment of agricultural growth with ecological preservation.

Management of Calabar Carnival and the Socio-Economic Development of Cross River State, Nigeria

The research examined the management of Calabar carnival and the socio-economic development of Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, the research work explored the effect of Calabar Carnival strategic planning, private sector participation initiatives and quality security coordination on social and economic progress of Calabar. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of officials of the Cross River State Carnival Commission, officials of Cross River State tourism bureau, office of the special adviser on Tourism/carnival and representations of the private sector, making a total of 121. A sample of121 respondents was used using the census method. Regression analysis was used to test all the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance using the appropriate degrees of freedom. The results revealed that all the research hypotheses were significant. That is, government strategic planning in Calabar carnival, private sector participation in Calabar carnival and Calabar carnival security management all have significant and positive effects on socio-economic development of Cross River state, Nigeria. The study concluded that when the Calabar Carnival is properly managed it would generate revenue, create employment opportunities, improve infrastructural facilities, enhance the wellbeing of the citizenry, among other socio-economic benefits. Based on the findings, it was recommended that festival organizations should plan ahead of time on how to raise the present status of Calabar carnival festival to international status. This could be achieved through appropriate policies and programmes and by continuing to put in place the necessary infrastructure and enabling environment that would sustain the festival. Also, there should be private sector participation. Besides, festival organizations should take strategic sustainable development approach to address security challenges in the study area.

Coupling and coordination of food security and agricultural carbon emission efficiency: Changing trends, influencing factors, and different government priority scenarios

Seeking a balance between food security and carbon mitigation is key to achieving sustainable agricultural development. This study evaluates the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the food security index (FSI) and agricultural carbon emission efficiency (ACEE) in China from 2010 to 2021 using the coupled coordination model. By adjusting the model coefficients, different government priority scenarios are simulated to explore their impact on CCD. The Geodetector method is employed to identify the influencing factors of CCD, investigate their interactions, and assess the differences in these factors across various government priority settings. The average CCD between FSI and ACEE exhibits a notable upward trend, rising from 0.4583 in 2010 to 0.6595 in 2021. Furthermore, regional disparities are widening, particularly in the major production areas. Catch-up effects exist within regions. Policy simulations showed staged interactions between food security and agricultural carbon efficiency, shifting from food security to balanced production and ecology, then to prioritizing low-carbon production for food security. Adjusting policy priorities can effectively improve coupling coordination in the short term, with increasing impact as priority shifts. CCD is influenced by policy, technology, economy, and society, varying with policy priorities. In the baseline scenario, key factors for CCD include the urban-rural income gap, technological advancement, urbanization, and farmers' education level. When the government prioritizes food security, the impact of narrowing income gaps and agricultural industry agglomeration becomes more pronounced. Conversely, emphasizing carbon emission efficiency enhances the influence of technological advancements and urbanization on CCD. Tailoring agricultural production strategies to local conditions and emphasizing interactive effects among factors is crucial for achieving environmentally friendly and high-quality agricultural development goals.

Correction: The binding nature of posting PDA1 issued under EU social security Coordination Regulations and the possible role of national courts

Correction: The binding nature of posting PDA1 issued under EU social security Coordination Regulations and the possible role of national courts

Coupling Coordination of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization and Ecological Security in Karst Landscapes: A Case Study of the Yunnan–Guizhou Region, China

Globally, karst regions face the dual challenges of urbanization and ecological protection, with the coupling coordination of multi-dimensional urbanization (MDU) and ecological security (ECS) being a necessary condition for achieving sustainable development. This study, based on statistical data on MDU and ECS in the Yunnan–Guizhou Region (the YGR) in China, employs the entropy weight TOPSIS model, degree of coupling coordination (CCD) model, and panel Tobit regression model to explore the coupling relationship between MDU and ECS. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) MDU in the YGR increased from 0.299 to 0.305, indicating low-level and sluggish development. Spatially, it is characterized by a “dual-core” structure centered on Kunming and Guiyang. (2) ECS decreased from 0.456 to 0.423, with a spatial pattern of “high in the east, low in the west”. The impact of human activities on ECS increased from 0.579 to 0.631 due to the increase in social and economic activities. (3) CCD increased to 0.579, achieving moderate coordination. The spatial feature evolved into a tri-cluster pattern of “high–low–high” across the “eastern–central–northwestern” regions. (4) Regression results indicate that annual average precipitation has a “both promoting and limiting” dual effect on CCD. The coefficient for the proportion of afforested land area is 0.205, with a significance level of 5%, suggesting that increasing forest cover is a key measure for improving CCD. The study reveals the factors influencing the evolution of MDU and ECS from a negative to a positive correlation, providing a basis for decisions related to sustainable development for urban and ecological management in karst landscapes globally.

Coupled coordination and pathway analysis of food security and carbon emission efficiency under climate-smart agriculture orientation

Owing to the contradiction between agricultural production and environmental development, the issues of food security and carbon mitigation cannot be isolated, and achieving coupled and coordinated development is the key to agricultural sustainability. This study adopted the coupled coordination model and dynamic qualitative comparative analysis (dynamic QCA) method to measure the coupled coordination degree (CCD) of the food security index (FSI) and agricultural carbon emission efficiency (ACEE) in 31 provinces of China from 2010 to 2021, seeking paths to achieve high coupled coordination from Climate-Smart Agriculture technology, external environment, and incentive dimensions, and simulating path selection differences under various CSA priority scenarios. The results indicated that the CCD of the FSI and ACEE in China significantly increased year-on-year increase, with significant regional differences primarily reflected in the Northeast > East > West > Central regions. Based on the CSA orientation, the “technology-environmental safeguard” linkage path and the “technology-environment-incentive” hybrid path are proposed. There are differences in CSA practices across regions, which require customization based on their unique socioeconomic, ecological, and political landscapes. When priorities favour food security, the “technology-environment-incentive” hybrid pathway supports high CCD, and as priorities increase, the contribution of CSA technologies, centred on water-saving irrigation, increases and the role of the external environment diminishes. When the priority tendency is to mitigate emissions, both paths can achieve high CCD. As the priority tendency for carbon emissions increases, urbanisation and CSA technologies such as water-saving irrigation and straw return become essential factors contributing to higher coupling coordination, and the role of agriculture-related financial expenditures diminishes. These findings provide policy support for safeguarding food security and low-carbon agriculture.

National Security Council (NSC) Role in Managing the Covid-19 Pandemic: Effectiveness, Domestic Political Interference and Coordination of Inter-Agency and Central/State NSC

National security threats have now grown to include health issues as a new emergency agenda with the emergence of the Covid-19 Pandemic that has hit the whole world. This pandemic has become a major crisis for the country when many lives have been lost and the country's economy has been affected. As the threat has become a national crisis, National Security Council (NSC) are responsible to deal with it, as the main national security coordinator, together with other agencies including the main agency in the health field namely the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH). Many strategies are highlighted as disease control mechanisms including the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO), quarantine for those with symptoms, use of disease control equipment, symptom detection through MySejahtera including vaccination, closure of non-essential business operations, country entry restrictions and social events as well as many other government initiatives including the establishment of call centers in each agency and the provision of people assistance. However, there are challenges in the strategy implemented. Therefore, it is important to analyze the extent of NSC capability in dealing with Covid-19 Pandemic. The study found that NSC was reactive in dealing with the Covid-19 Pandemic, thus making NSC more recognized and trusted. NSC coordination with other Ministries/Agencies is active but partially effective with the state due to interference from the state government and issues related to state NSC which do not refer to the central NSC. Political interference has resulted in an increase in the pandemic spread and cause people distrust in government approach.

Research on Coupling Coordination of Agricultural Carbon Emission Efficiency and Food Security in Hebei Province, China

The delineation and measurement of carbon emissions in agricultural production systems constitute a complex issue involving multiple factors. Previous research in this area has been limited in terms of comprehensive carbon emission assessment throughout the agricultural production process and systematic measurement. This study focuses on both dynamic and static aspects, systematically analyzing the agricultural carbon emissions and emission efficiency in Hebei Province from 2000 to 2020. It comprehensively explores the influencing factors of carbon emissions and delves into the relationship between agricultural carbon emission efficiency and food security. The experimental results revealed the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the agricultural carbon emissions in Hebei Province exhibited a fluctuating downward trend, with a spatial distribution pattern where they were high in the south and low in the north. And the carbon emissions caused by chemical fertilizers and plowed land accounted for 42.6% of the total. (2) The efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions in the static dimension fluctuated at a rate of 0.0265, whereas the ML index fluctuated less in the dynamic dimension, and the agricultural industrial structure had the most significant impact. (3) The coupling coordination degree of food security and agricultural carbon emission efficiency increases with time, and “coordination” gradually dominates in spatial change. The conclusions of this study are of great significance in stabilizing grain production and achieving low-carbon production in the Hebei Province.

University students’ attitudes toward the stalled peace process and normalization with the Israeli occupation

Despite the persistent animosity between Palestinians and Israelis, the portrayal of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has undergone significant changes over time. The concept of normalization, integral to the peace process, has gained increasing prominence. Nevertheless, this concept has acted as a divisive force within the Palestinian political landscape in the West Bank, creating a clear divide between advocates and opponents. Employing a rigorously validated 19-item factorial questionnaire, the present mixed-method study endeavors to elucidate the perspectives of Palestinian university students regarding the stagnated peace process, the normalization of relations, and the security coordination with Israel. The findings of this study shed light on several intricate associations among the examined variables. They underscore that economic, political, and security considerations serve as pivotal factors contributing to the stance of Palestinian youth, wherein they show support for armed resistance and concurrently express opposition towards both normalization and security coordination with Israel. Ultimately, the study's culmination underscores a discernible pattern – that Palestinians could potentially embrace the prospect of normalizing relations with Israel and embarking on the path of peaceful coexistence, provided Israel acknowledges their rights and facilitates the establishment of an independent Palestinian state.

Coupling and Coordination of Implicit Land Use and Ecological Security in Huaihe River Basin, China

The Huai River Basin is located in Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hubei, and Henan provinces of China. We explored the spatiotemporal characteristics and their changes in the ecological security and the form index of implicit land use using an equivalent factor method and a coupling coordination model. The coupling coordination between land use and ecological security was explored by evaluating the transformation of implicit land use. It was important to optimize the spatial pattern of the Huai River Basin and develop the area as eco-friendly. The research results indicated that the form index of land use in the five provinces increased from 2000 to 2015 and the degree of implicit land use was high with spatiotemporal differentiation. The transformation of land use showed a cycle, and the transformation speed was fast but slowed. The level of coupling and coordinated development in the provinces varied greatly. The implicit land use and ecological security in each province were imbalanced which was improved.

EHDS and Free Movement of Patients: What EU Intervention is Needed?

The European Commission issued a proposal for a Regulation on the European Health and Data Space to improve patient mobility. This EHDS Regulation lays down rules for the exchange of digital health data for primary use (treatment) and for secondary use (i.e. research, policymaking). This proposal has far-reaching implications for national healthcare systems. The question arises whether, with this draft, the Commission in fact proposes to overstep the powers of the European Union, as the delivery and organization of healthcare belongs to the competences of the Member States. Furthermore, the (lack of) exchange of digital health data is not the only hinderance for the free movement of patients. The current set-up of the Patient Directive and the Social Security Coordination Regulation also discourages patients from seeking treatment abroad. Therefore, a more integrated approach in the form of a new Patient Regulation is, in our view, needed.

Cross-border workers - navigating the challenges of social security coordination rules in the era of telework in the European Union

In 1 2020, there were 1.7 million cross-border workers in the European Union, creating difficulties in determining the applicable legislation for social security matters. The reason for this complexity is that even in cross-border activities, the legislation of only one Member State is applicable according to the Coordination Regulation 883/2004. This article examines the evolving landscape of social security coordination in the European Union. It explores the interplay between the European principle of free movement of workers and the complexities arising from various national social security systems, combined with the increase in telework. The article outlines the foundational legal frameworks underpinning social security within the European Union, including the Coordination Regulation EC 883/2004, and discusses primarily the challenges in applying these rules to cross-border teleworkers. It further analyses the implications of the new Multilateral Framework Agreement, providing a nuanced understanding of its role in offering simplified procedures and legal certainty for habitual cross-border teleworkers. The article also highlights the Agreement's limitations, including its restricted scope and the persisting administrative burdens. The discussion extends to the broader context of ongoing legislative efforts and the need for more flexible and modern social security coordination rules in the European Union. The article aims to shed light on the critical issues surrounding social security coordination in an era of evolving work practices.

On improving the coordination of social security in the EU countries

On improving the coordination of social security in the EU countries

Regulatory cooperation, social security coordination, and participation in Union Programmes

Regulatory cooperation, social security coordination, and participation in Union Programmes

Kedudukan Badan Keamanan Laut dalam Penegakan Hukum di Laut

This research discusses the position of the Marine Security Agency in law enforcement at sea. This research uses a statutory approach and a historical approach. Descriptive qualitative analysis technique, namely by describing, explaining, describing, and describing primary legal materials and secondary legal materials following the problems closely related to this research, then drawing a conclusion based on the analysis that has been done. The results showed that the position of the Marine Security Agency (Bakamla) with fellow law enforcers at sea as a coordinator, but it does not eliminate the authority of other law enforcers. Bakamla is present to replace the function of the Marine Security Coordinating Agency (Bakorkamla) which was previously considered to fail in synergizing law enforcement at sea. Meanwhile, Bakamla's authority is to conduct instant pursuit, stop, inspect, arrest, bring ships, and hand over to related agencies. These authorities are authorities that are often found in the investigation process, but Bakamla as a law enforcer at sea, is not given the authority to conduct investigations. Bakamla's authority as an investigator is still waiting for the Omnibus Law on Marine Security which is currently being discussed in the House of Representatives.

Modernisation efforts in EU Social Security coordination

EU social security coordination aims to ensure the free movement of persons. In doing so, within the limits of its powers, the European Union ensures that EU citizens retain their social security entitlements in the territory of all Member States by laying down rules at the level of regulations. However, today there are many changes that require the revision of the various EU legal standards and the modernisation of their practical implementation. Thus, in the area of social security coordination, too, three key measures have been taken in response to digitalisation and increasing labour mobility, which not only contribute to the mobility of EU citizens but also serve to strengthen cooperation between Member States. Within the framework of this study, besides presenting the theoretical background and regulatory rules of social security coordination, the above mentioned modernisation measures will be reviewed

The Coupling Coordination and Interaction Mechanism of Land Ecological Security and High-Quality Economic Development in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

Land ecological security (LES) and high-quality economic development (HED) are mutually influential. China has three world-class urban agglomerations; the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is one of them. It is an important platform for participating in international competition and cooperation. To promote regional sustainable development, it is critical to study the coupling coordination and interaction mechanism of LES–HED subsystems over time and space in the BTH region. This study involved the construction of an aggregated index system to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the subsystems, and then investigated the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the LES–HED subsystems from 2007 to 2018 using a CCD model. Additionally, a panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model was applied to analyze the interactive mechanism of the LES–HED subsystems. Finally, a model of the degree of relative development was used to classify the types of regional development. The results showed that the CCD of the LES–HED subsystems in the BTH region had significant spatial and temporal differences. The spatial distribution could be characterized as low in the central area and high in the peripheral area, and the evolutionary law of CCD in the system was from lower to higher levels over time. In addition, improvements in LES promoted HED, but the impact of HED on LES was limited. The development patterns within the cities of the study area included three development types, including an slightly lagging type of LES, a slightly lagging type of HED, and a significantly lagging type of HED. Given the spatial variability of the coupled and coordinated development of LES–HED subsystems, it is necessary to implement different development strategies. This study can inform decisions promoting the coordinated development of LES–HED subsystems for sustainable regional development.